User:Insectoid316/Viburnum leaf beetle

Pyrrhalta viburni is a species of leaf beetle native to Europe and Asia, commonly known as the viburnum leaf beetle. It was first detected in North America in 1947 in Ontario, Canada. However, specimens had been collected in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia in 1924. In 1996 it was discovered in a park in New York, where native plantings of arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum complex) were found to be heavily damaged by larval feeding. The UK-based Royal Horticultural Society stated that its members reported Pyrrhalta viburni as the "number one pest species" in 2010.

The spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris is used and developed as a biological control agent against the beetle.

Life cycle
Viburnum leaf beetles go through one new generation of offspring per year, eggs are laid throughout the summer and into October. Female beetles burrow into the underside of viburnum terminal twigs and create 'spaces' in pith tissue, then they lay eggs in clusters of 5-6 and cover them with frass. Eggs overwinter in these cavities where they are protected from water loss and predation. Females prefer to place their eggs where other females have the previous year and may produce up to 500 eggs in their lifetimes. The eggs hatch by mid-May, after hatching, the larvae feed and grow successively bigger through three instars. Ultimately, they pupate in the soil and emerge as adults in late June or early July.

Host plants
Both the larvae and the adults consume the leaves of Viburnum species, but at different times of the year, the larvae during the spring, and the adults during the summer. Certain viburnum species may be more resistant to their feeding than others. Sometime plants may even end up completely defoliated, sometimes resulting in their death.