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The Ronchamp Coal Mines  were an area of coal mines located in the Vosges and Jura coal mining basins, in eastern France. They covered three municipalities; Ronchamp, Champagney and Magny-Danigon. Operated for more than two centuries, from the mid-eighteenth century until the mid-twentieth century, they have profoundly changed the landscape, the economy and the local population.

Mining began in Ronchamp in the mid-18th century and had developed into a large industry by the late 19th century, employing 1500 people. Extraction started in adit before being dug at coal mine Saint Louis in 1810, introducing the first real extraction mine-shaft. The shaft seams sunk more and more, and became deeper until the well, owned by (Civil Society coal Ronchamp), eventually became the deepest mine in France beating the coal mine du Magny (694 meters) in 1878 and the coal mine Arthur de Buyer (1010 meters) in 1900. After the nationalisation of mines in 1946, the shaft and the thermal power station was entrusted to Electricité de France.

After closing in 1958, the mining sites and infrastructures were demolished and workers had to convert to other professions. Later, a museum and two associations were created to preserve the memory of the mining heritage and several sites were redeveloped to become tourist attractions.

The museum looks back at the miner's work, their techniques, tools they used and their social life. A collection of miners lamps are also on display.

Situation
The zone exploited and influenced by the coal mines corresponds to the Ronchamp and Champagney mining basin which is at the heart of the Vosges and Jura coal mining basins, on the eastern part of the French department of the Haute-Saône, in the northern part of the French region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, close to Alsace and the industries of Mulhouse. The coal mines are then an essential source of energy for both regions. The Alsatian catchment area is between the towns of Mulhouse, Thann et Cernay.

The concession of Ronchamp, Champagney and Éboulet, where the mines are exploited, has 4503 hectares and includes the communes of Ronchamp, Champagney, Magny-Danigon, Clairegoutte, Andornay, Palante and La Côte (only the first three have coal mines). It is surrounded by the Mourière concession to the northwest, the Saint-Germain concession to the west and the Lomont concession to the south but also by other exploratory mines to the east.

Modest beginnings


Coal beds were found on Ronchamp in the middle of the 18th century. Mining activity constitutes then only a complementary resource for a majority agricultural population. In 1744, two exploratory galleries and also multiple surface excavations were dug, but those are unofficial,. . In 1749, the Lord of Gensanne, owner of the mines of Plancher-les-Mines and of numerious mines in Alsace, sends a lump of coal to a laboratory in Besançon for analysis. It's in 1751 that many persons desiring to explore the zone make themselves known. Between them, two local industrialists: the Lord of Gensanne and François Guy, owner of a large forge in Magny-Vernois. In the end neither obtained a concession.

Two concessions are finally conceded in 1757 :
 * The Lords of Ronchamp's concession at Ronchamp, conceded on the 1757-09-11.
 * The Prince-Abbots of Lure's concession at Champagney, conceded on the 1757-04-21.

The agreement of 1768-09-24 concedes to the barons of Ronchamp and their consorts the exclusive exploitation, for 30 years, of all the coal mines found in Barony of Ronchamp. The two concessions become as one, and they are exploited with common costs by the two concessionaires, that demand the concessions to be made one and the same. This is achieved by the agreement of 1763-03-01 ..



In a small band of a few hundreds of meters, a few dozens of galleries and of small

Sur une petite bande de quelques centaines de mètres, quelques dizaines de galeries et de petits puits intérieurs sont creusés et exploités entre 1760 et 1810. Mais la production est faible (de 2000 à 4000 tonnes par an ) et les conditions de travail sont pénibles. À la Révolution, les mines deviennent des et sont par la suite exploitées par des institutions étatiques, puis diverses sociétés privées. À la fin du est créé le hameau de la Houillère avec des logements pour les ouvriers et le directeur, des places à charbon et des bâtiments de triage. Des petites usines sont également construites sur le site, comme une fabrique d'alun, une usine de noir de fumée ou encore une verrerie. En 1810, le fonçage du puits Saint-Louis est entrepris, premier d'une série de vingt-sept. Deux ans plus tard, les houillères sont acquises par la société Dollfus-Mieg et Compagnie appartenant à une famille industrielle alsacienne qui était alors la principale cliente des mines de charbon de Ronchamp.

From 1815 to 1832, eight mine shafts were excavated in succession:

The shaft No. 6                            as the two disapearred Le puits descend toutefois, à 66 mètres, sur un soulèvement et le puits Saint-Louis est en fin d'exploitation, car les deux couches qu'il exploite ont disparu. Le creusement du puits est donc entrepris en 1839 afin de trouver de nouvelles veines de charbon. Comme la compagnie est en faillite, la concession est mise en vente et le fonçage du puits arrêté. L'histoire des houillères de Ronchamp aurait pu s'arrêter là.

Connected Articles

 * Notre-Dame Mine Shaft
 * Arthur de Buyer Coal Mine
 * Sainte Marie Coal Mine