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Traditional skills of building and sailing Iranian Lenj boats in the Persian Gulf
Traditional skills of building and sailing Iranian Lenj boats in the Persian Gulf

The inhabitants of the northern coast of the Persian Gulf make use of a local traditional knowledge, related to nature, to make their living. They build Lenj, a handmade vessel, for their sea journeys, trading, fishing and pearl hunting. The Iranian traditional knowledge of sailing includes many techniques, including Lenj building and launching, as well as navigating, among others. It includes specific traditional customs and oral literature, manifesting, for instance, as Rezif-khānî, Azva, Lîva and Nowruz-e-Sayyād. Finally, there are poems, navigational jargon in vernacular, and guide books (Rāhnāme’s).

The element manifests as:

- Knowledge and practices concerning the nature and the universe: weather forecasting (by studying the cloulds, the waves, the winds, the color of water and the behaviour of the sea-gulls), Lenj navigation (by studying the sun, the moon and the stars, calculating latitude and longitude, and using astrolabe, sextant and traditional compass) - Traditional handicraft techniques: Lenj-sazi (=Lenj building) - Performing arts: music, poetry, singing, dance: Rezif, Lîvā, Azvā and Sharve - Social practices and festivity events: Nowruz-e-Sayyād (fisherman’s New Year), Shushî, Bādebān-keshi (setting the sail) - Specific oral traditions and expressions, including the traditional sailing terminology, stories and poetries, in the Iranian languages and dialects of the region.

List of additional resources Hadi Hassan, A History of Persian Navigation (Tārikh-e Daryānavardi-ye Irānian), Foreworded by Sir Muhammad Iqbal Lahuri, Tehran, 2535. Herodotus, A History Source of Persian Empire of Achaemenian Era (Histories of Herodotus); Translated by: George Rawlinson, Book 4. § 44. (http://www.iranchamber.com/history/herodotus) Hoseyn Noorbakhsh, The Persian Gulf Marine Dictionary (Farhang-e Daryāyi-ye Khalij-e Fārs), Tehran, 1381. Hoseyn Noorbakhsh, Bandar-e Kong, city, sailors and ship builders, Bandar-e Abbās, 1359. Kent, Roland G., 1953, Old Persian; Grammar, Texts, Lexicon, New Haven, pp. 146-147. Sahab, Abbas, Collection of Historical Documents and Geographical Maps on The Persian Gulf, Vol III, Tehran, 1364. Shahidi, Ali, The History of Mathematics in Ancient Iran, Unpublished M.A. Dissertation, University of Tehran, 2007. Shahidi, Ali, “The Achaemenian Surveyor Sailors; The Geometrical and Cartographical Knowledge of the Persians and its Babylonian Background”, The Second Biennial International Conference of The Persian Gulf; History, Civilization and Culture, University of Tehran, 2009. Stronach, David, 1973, “Pasargadae, Center of the World”, Barrasihâ-ye Târikhi; Historical Studies of Iran, March 1973, No.2, Tehran, pp. 25-29. ---, “The Wooden Legacy of Noah”, Hamshahri Sarzamin-e Man, Vol:24 (No:3), Tehran,1388/2009. ---, “The Day, the Sea Takes a Breath”, Hamshahri Sarzamin-e Man, Vol:28 (No:4), Tehran,1388/2009. ---, “Sailing in the Persian Gulf”, Hamshahri Sarzamin-e Man, Vol:40 (No:9), Tehran,1388/2010.