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The Sociology of the body as a subdiscipline was influenced in Western societies by increasing consumerism. Especially important within the sociology of the body tradition is the sociology of health and illness. This is because illness may obviously reduce the level of normal functioning of the body making fulfillment of roles in society difficult. Also, increasingly people in society believe that illness is prevented by fulfilling activities leading to a healthy body (thus changing one's lifestyle) such as dieting and exercise, as well as avoiding anything that can cause damage to the body, like smoking.Moreover, medical science is now able to alter our bodies through plastic surgery, transplanting organs, reproductive aids and even change in an unborn baby's genetic structure.

The topic of the sociology of the body has been overlooked until the more recent years, as various medical technologies have been advanced. For example, prosthetics have become more advanced, specifically with new devices such as pacemakers, advancements in hearing aid devices, and other prosthetic devices. Additionally, the body can also be referred to as a cultural representation.

See also:

Sociology of health and illness

Role