User:Irtapil/Urdu alphabet 2

= alt versions from User:Irtapil/Urdu_alphabet_1 =

Diacritic Omission
Most vowel diacritics are omitted in most Urdu writing, but Urdu writing usually does distinguish alif mad, and include hamza over bari ye, gol he, and wow. For example, alif mad and bare alif in آزادی ( "āzādī",, freedom ) are distinguished in most contexts.

Arabic Tāʼ marbūṭah
Tāʼ marbūṭah is also sometimes considered an Urdu letter, though it is rarely used except for in certain loan words from Arabic. Ta mahbutah is regarded as a form of tā, the Arabic version of Urdu té, But it is not pronounced as such, and when replaced with an urdu letter in naturalised loan words it is usually replaced with gol he.

Footnotes:
Left = Urdu Nastaliq. Right = Arabic Naskh or modern style.

The Nastaliq text will display in a different style if there is not an appropriate font installed on the machine.

References shown in the Nashk column apply to both columns. Pronunciation guide diacritics have been omitted from the Nastaliq version in most cases.

Most vowel diacritics are omitted in most Urdu writing, but Urdu writing usually does distinguish alif mad, and include hamza over bari ye, gol he, and wow. For example, alif mad and bare alif in آزادی ( "āzādī",, freedom ) are distinguished in most contexts.

Tāʼ marbūṭah is also sometimes considered an Urdu letter, though it is rarely used except for in certain loan words from Arabic. Ta mahbutah is regarded as a form of tā, the Arabic version of Urdu té, But it is not pronounced as such, and when replaced with an urdu letter in naturalised loan words it is usually replaced with gol he.

Examples of digraph usage:
from 2020-05-11 before i started rearranging it

This ligature is much mote prominent in Arabic styles than it is in Urdu's usual Nastaliq.

The digraph تھ is often used to transliterate "th" in European words, e.g. لتھیم Lithium.

Nastaliq


The Nastaliq calligraphic writing style (sometimes spelled Nastaʿlīq) began as a Persian mixture of scripts Naskh and Ta'liq. After the Mughal conquest, Nastaliq became the preferred writing style for Urdu. It is the dominant style in Pakistan, and many Urdu writers elsewhere in the world use it. Nastaʿlīq is more cursive and flowing than its Naskh counterpart.

Letter forms
 (back to "Letter names and phonemes")

For the Arabic alphabet, and many others derived from it, letters are regarded as having two or three general forms each, based on their position in the word. Though obviously Arabic calligraphy can add a great deal of complexity. But for the Nastaliq style in which Urdu is written, even in the most mundane or informal documents, uses more than three general forms for many letters.