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Operation Condor (Operación Cóndor, also known as Plan Cóndor; Operação Condor) was a United States–backed campaign of political repression and state terror involving intelligence operations, CIA–backed coup d'états, and assassinations of left-wing socialist leaders in Latin and South America from 1968–1989. Highly publicized events such as the assassination of Cuban revolutionary Che Guevara by CIA–backed Bolivian forces in October 1967 have been perceived as catalysts that predated the operation. Operation Condor was officially and formally implemented in November 1975 by the right-wing dictatorships of the Southern Cone of South America.

Operation Condor was a covert intelligence network and state-sponsored terrorist organization formed in December 1975 by the intelligence services of several South American countries, including Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia and Brazil. Peru and Ecuador joined in 1978. Its primary goal was to combat subversion and terrorism, but it went far beyond targeting militant guerrilla movements and also included civilian political figures from the region and Latin American exile leaders living in Europe and the United States. The Condor nations collaborated in cross-border manhunts, tracking, surveillance, kidnappings, torture, interrogation, and elimination of opponents. Operation Condor was responsible for hundreds of victims, many of whom were kidnapped, tortured, and killed while living in exile in Argentina or caught in one nation, interrogated under torture by multilateral teams of Condor agents, and then secretly remitted to the nation of their nationality to be further abused and murdered. The last documented assassinations linked to Operation Condor took place in Peru, where Argentine intelligence squads killed half a dozen (?) Argentine Montonero guerilla exiles. The U.S. role in the Operation is still not completely clear, but it is documented that officers from the Department of State, the CIA, The Pentagon, and the FBI were knowledgeable of the organization's goals and plans and provided indirect support.

John Dinges, The Condor Years: How Pinochet and His Allies Brought Terrorism to Three Continents (The New Press, 2004) ISBN 1565849779

J. Patrice McSherry, Predatory States: Operation Condor and Covert War in Latin America. (Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2005) ISBN 0742536874