User:Itpastorn/dko/ccna1-3.1-9

TCP/IP Protocol Suite and IP addressing

Overview CCNA 1 - Module 9 (3.1)
 * Why the Internet was developed and TCP/IP and the design of the Internet
 * The four layers of the TCP/IP model
 * Describe the functions of each layer of the TCP/IP model
 * The OSI model vz. the TCP/IP model
 * The function and structure of IP addresses
 * How and why sub- and supernetting. CIDR.
 * Public vz. private addressing
 * Reserved IP addresses
 * Static and dynamic addressing
 * Routing

History and future of TCP/IP

 * Arpanet
 * Vinton Cerf

Application Layer Protocols
Sample chapter in PDF-format from CCNA 4.0
 * FTP, TFTP, NFS, SMB, CIFS, Rsync
 * SMTP, Post Office Protocol, IMAP
 * SNMP
 * Telnet, Rlogin, SSH
 * Usenet, IRC
 * Routing protocol
 * DNS

Transport layer
Covered in detail in module 11
 * TCP
 * UDP

Internet layer
Internet Protocol
 * IPv4
 * Address Classes
 * Network address
 * Broadcast address
 * IPv6
 * Hostname
 * /etc/hosts

Network Access

 * SLIP
 * PPP
 * PAP
 * Ethernet (Token Ring, FDDI)
 * ATM
 * Frame Relay
 * SMDS
 * (ARP again)

The OSI model and the TCP/IP model
Also explained in Module 2#Networking_Models

Internet architecture

 * "The cloud"
 * Abstract physical details from users
 * Diversity of application and network access layer techniques
 * "Dual homed device"
 * Fault tolerance
 * Redundant paths (routing)

Addressing
IPv4 uses 32 bits. Alternatives to IP:
 * NetBIOS
 * IPX
 * SMB

Decimal and binary conversion
Also explained in Module 1#Network_Math

IPv4 addressess

 * Hierarchical
 * Network part
 * Host part

IP address classes

 * A-E class (most significant bits pattern, range, subnet mask, usage)
 * CIDR

Reserved IP addresses

 * The network address (first)
 * The broadcast address (last)

Public and private IP addresses
Network Address Translation (NAT)
 * IANA
 * Internet Service Provider (ISP)
 * Public addressess are unique
 * 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
 * 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
 * 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

Introduction to subnetting

 * "break a large network up into smaller, more efficient and manageable segments"
 * By borrowing host bits.

IPv4 versus IPv6

 * 4 octets = 32 bits = 4 billion addresses. Dotted numerical notation.
 * 16 octets = 128 bits = 640 sextrillion addresses. Hexadecimal notation, with shortening rules.

Obtaining an Internet address
MAC addresses are unroutable and only locally significant

Static assignment of an IP address

 * Through Windows Control Panel or ipconfig
 * Linux:
 * system-config-network
 * ifconfig
 * etc

RARP IP address assignment
Reverse ARP - obsolete. Assigns only IP.

BootP IP address assignment
Bootstrap Protocol - Can assign more info, but is not dynamic.

DHCP IP address management
DHCP at Learn Networking

Problems in address resolution
IP and MAC address must match. Advanced topics: Proxy ARP, Common Address Redundancy Protocol(CARP)

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Advanced topics:
 * ARP table
 * ARP request ("who-has")
 * Default gateway
 * The arp command
 * Arping
 * /proc/net/arp
 * /etc/hosts
 * /etc/ethers

Extra topics (in addition to CCNA)

 * ICMP

Additional resorces (besides Wikipedia)

 * An Introduction to TCP/IP at Learn Networking
 * The TCP/IP Stack and the OSI Model at Learn Networking
 * RFC 1180 - The official tutorial

Navigation

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