User:Itstrinh/sandbox

= Final Article Edits = In addition to the previous edits I have made (indicated below in 'Things We've Migrated to Wikipedia' and 'Continued Article Improvements'), I have contributed further to the Hashtag Activism page by adding more detail to the criticism, support, and history sections of the article. I have also contributed more information to a few of the hashtag examples that I felt were lacking in content. The total sections I changed this time around are copied and pasted below:

Criticism:

Other criticism for hashtag activism includes the argument that online social movements are often started by privileged individuals, rather than by those who the causes are supposed to help. Critics will often use the Kony 2012 movement as an example, as the film was directed by an American film and theater director. People also believe that hashtag activism lacks the passion displayed by movements that preceded it.

Notable critics of hashtag activism include Sarah Palin, who in regards to the Boko Harem abductions and the #BringBackOurGirls campaign, wrote in a caption:

Palin is one of many critics who believe hashtag activism to be lazy and inefficient. Malcolm Gladwell, in an article titled “Small Change: Why the Revolution will Not be Tweeted,” has also criticized hashtag activism for lacking the close ties he felt was necessary to inspire large action.

Support

An online digital survey conducted in 2014 found that 64% of surveyed Americans said that they were more likely to support social and environmental issues through volunteering, donating, sharing information etc. after they liked a post or followed a non-profit online. The same study also showed that 58% of the surveyed Americans felt that tweeting or posting is an effective form of advocacy.

While critics worry that hashtag activism results in a lack of true action offline, supporters of hashtag activism believe it to be effective because it allows people to easily voice their opinions and educate themselves on numerous issues. By following or looking up a specific hashtag, people can find information on a specific movement and follow the different events that are occuring for that movement. Supporters will argue that it is through hashtag activism that peope can learn more about ways to be civically engaged and attend protests. Because hashtag activism occurs on social media platforms with millions of daily users, it is also argued to expose individuals to more personal stories, thereby shifting public opinions and helping victims find support.

Hashtag activism has also been shown to impact policies and decisions made by organizations. It is able to achieve this because it provides organizations with a quick and easy way to view public opinion and outcry. For instance, in 2012 when the Susan G. Komen Foundation decided to stop funding mammograms through Planned Parenthood, the internet created an uproar and tweeted, "standwithpp," and "singon." That same week, Komen has reversed its decision.

Hashtag activism has received support from key social media activists like Bev Goodman, who initiated the #WhyIStayed movement for women who suffered from domestic abuse. She stated in an NPR interview that, "the beauty of hashtag activism is that it creates an opportunity for sustained engagement, which is important for any cause.”

History

The oldest known mention of the term is from The Guardian in 2011, where it was mentioned in context to describe Occupy Wall Street protests. Chris Messina, a San Francisco resident, is credited with coining the term "hashtag." Twitter first introduce the hashtag as a means to coordinate conversation online, and the activists of the Occupy Wall Street Movement to coordinate spontaneous protests. Since then, the term is used to refer to the use of hashtags on multiple social media platforms to plan marches and protests, share stories, connect communities, and ultimately drive social change.

Hashtags and hashtag activism have a history on social media sites such as Twitter, Facebook, and Tumblr. As hashtag activism continues to grow in popularity, institutions have decided to monitor social media conversations about themselves using hashtags, and to take it seriously when there is negative discussion. For instance, this was reflected in the 2016 presidential election when political candidate Jeb Bush fired a tech staffer for inappropriate tweets.

#AmINext

The campaign involves people taking photos of themselves with signs holding "#AmINext" and posting it to social media. The campaign was meant to encourage a national conversation about the invisibility and vulnerability of female Indigenous demographic and call attention to the minimal efforts of the Government in investigating the murders and disappearances. Holly was personally inspired to carry out the campaign as her cousin, Loretta Saunders, an Inuit woman from Labrador, went missing and was ultimately found dead in a wooded area. After the campaign, the government a national DNA missing person's index and introduce 30 safety initiatives to help indigenous women.

= Continued Article Improvements = Hashtag Activism Page

In edition to reorganizing the existing list of hashtags and adding the hashtags #IStandWithAhmed and #NotOneMore last week, this week I also created a support section and added to the summary and criticism portion of the article. The summary used to be one sentence long, but now is a paragraph in length and provides more context. I also added pictures to some of the hashtags and made grammatical changes. My additions to the summary and the criticism section are as follows:

Summary:

The term can also be used to refer to the act of showing support for a cause through a like, share, etc. on any social media platform, such as Facebook, Google+, or Twitter. The concept of hashtag activism has received critique from both critics and supporters. Some supporters argue that using social media for activism is a good idea because it allows one to connect with people from all over the world in a short amount of time. Critics, on the other hand, question whether hashtag activism leads to real change as users are simply indicating that they care, rather than taking specific action to make a difference.

Criticism:

The ease of hashtag activism has led to concerns that it might lead to overuse and public fatigue. Critics worry that hashtag activism allows participants to be satisfied with a public symbol of concern, rather than actually be concerned and take additional action.

Other criticism for hashtag activism includes the argument that online social movements are often started by privileged individuals, rather than by those who the causes are supposed to help. Critics will often use the Kony 2012 movement as an example, as the film was directed by an American film and theater director.

Support:

An online digital survey conducted in 2014 found that 64% of surveyed Americans said that they were more likely to support social and environmental issues through volunteering, donating, sharing information etc. after they liked a post or followed a non-profit online. The same study also showed that 58% of the surveyed Americans felt that tweeting or posting is an effective form of advocacy.

Hashtag activism has also received support from key social media activists like Bev Goodman, who initiated the #WhyIStayed movement for women who suffered from domestic abuse. She stated in an NPR interview that, "the beauty of hashtag activism is that it creates an opportunity for sustained engagement, which is important for any cause.”

= Thing's We've Migrated to Wikipedia = The following are copied and pasted texts of what we have migrated to the "hashtag activism" page:

In addition to the following two hashtags, I also reorganized the existing list of hashtags into country of origin to provide more organization and structure to the page.

#IStandWithAhmed

 * 1) IstandwithAhmed: In 2015, a teen inventor named Ahmed Mohamed was arrested at his high school in Irving, Texas after his teacher mistaked his homemade clock for a bomb. Ultimately, he was not convicted of any crimes, but he was suspsneded from school. Shortly after his story hit the news, a tech blogger named Anil Dash tweeted a picture of Ahmed being arrested in his NASA t-shirt along with the "#IstandwithAhmed." His tweet went viral and drew accusations of racism and Islamophobia against the school. It sparked an online movement where many individuals, including scientists and engineers, tweeted their support for Ahmed under the same hashtag.

#NotOneMore

 * 1) NotOneMore - The hashtag, "#NotOneMore" developed shortly after the May 23, 2014 shooting in Isla Vista, Santa Barbara, California. During this incident, six students attending the University of California, Santa Barbara, lost their lives. Richard Martinez, the father of one of the victims, quickly spoke out about gun control, calling for stricter gun control during memorial ceremonies and rallies, chanting "Not One More!" The phrase became a hashtag on social media afterwards. Richard also worked with Everytown's digital team to create a tool to allow participants to send postcards to their senators, congressional representatives, and governor containing the phrase "Not One More."

#Hallyu
The Hallyu Wave, which literally translates to “flow of Korea” (or more commonly known as the Korean Wave) represents the social movement in connection to South Korean culture and entertainment. Economically, Hallyu is tremendously profitable, attracting millions of tourists and fans per year and produces many forms of entertainment, such as Korean pop music and television drama series, ultimately generating billions of USD dollars in annual revenue which further strengthens its economic prosperity and stability. Furthermore, being a powerful social movement in its own right, Hallyu holds considerable influence in politics as well. The ninth president of South Korea, Roh Moo-hyun, once stated that Hallyu can be used to improve or repair the tense relations between the Koreas. Still, North Korea does not have its own rendition of Hallyu and even rejects it; for example, when Psy’s "Gangnam Style" was released in 2012, North Korea viewed the song with contempt because while South Korea was attracting positive attention, it was also undermining the impoverished conditions of North Korea at the same time. In 2017, the South Korean military repeatedly broadcasted the hit 2009 song "Tell Me Your Wish" by Girls' Generation over the North Korean border as a form of psychological warfare, with Pyongyang considering the broadcasts "an open act of war."

The following are copied and pasted texts of what we have migrated to the "Pantsuit Nation" page:

Pantsuit Nation
I added the background and criticism portions of the article.

Background:

In October 2016, Libby Chamberlain, a private resident of Brooklin, Maine founded Pantsuit Nation, a secret Facebook page. Chamberlain attended Yale University, graduating in 2006. She is a mother of two, and formerly worked as a College and Career Counselor at a local high school in Maine.Chamberlain originally started Pantsuit Nation in an effort to encourage some of her Facebook friends to wear Clinton's trademark pantsuits to the voting polls in support of the nation's first female presidential candidate nominated by a major party. She considered Clinton and her pantsuit to both be emblematic of the historic effort towards equal rights for women. Chamberlain wanted to create a space for positivity, the celebration of female power, and support in a time plagued by cynical rhetoric.

Members of the group range in age, ethnicity, and political alliances, but they all share the common goal of wanting to empower women and to advocate for equality in the workplace. The invitation-only group originally started with only 30 members, growing to 24,000 members overnight and to 2.9 million by November 8, 2016. The group's members share stories of their support for Clinton within families who and communities that supported other candidates, as well as stories of their family members who fought for civil rights. Many posts to the group contain fan art from the campaign, including its logos and slogans on clothes, signs, bodies, and food.

Criticism:

Some believe that Chamberlain is turning Pantsuit Nation from a space of grieving and healing into a branding machine, used to further her own profit-seeking ambitions. Before Chamberlain announced on Pantsuit Nation that she had secured a book deal using the group's name, The New York Times released an article explaining the book's projected timeline. Chamberlain has so far not disclosed any details about where or who the profits of the book will go to, or the breach in privacy of the group members who shared their intimate stories.

= Drafting An Article - First Article: Hashtag Activism Page = Things to Add: It is through these online outlets that convert a user’s emotions to standby solidarity, and by extension potentially affecting the outcome of politics and culture for the future. Edits to Make
 * #IstandwithAhmed: In 2015, a teen inventor named Ahmed Mohamed was arrested at his high school in Irving, Texas after his teacher mistaked his homemade clock for a bomb. Ultimately, he was not convicted of any crimes, but he was suspsneded from school. Shortly after his story hit the news, a tech blogger named Anil Dash tweeted a picture of Ahmed being arrested in his NASA t-shirt along with the "#IstandwithAhmed." His tweet went viral and drew accusations of racism and Islamophobia against the school. It sparked an online movement where many individuals, including scientists and engineers, tweeted their support for Ahmed under the same hashtag.
 * #NotOneMore - The hashtag, "#NotOneMore" developed shortly after the May 23, 2014 shooting in Isla Vista, Santa Barbara, California. During this incident, six students attending the University of California, Santa Barbara, lost their lives. Richard Martinez, the father of one of the victims, quickly spoke out about gun control, calling for stricter gun control during memorial ceremonies and rallies, chanting "Not One More!" The phrase became a hashtag on social media afterwards. Richard also worked with Everytown's digital team to create a tool to allow participants to send postcards to their senators, congressional representatives, and governor containing the phrase "Not One More."
 * #noDAPL - The "#noDAPL" is part of the movement against the development of the Dakota Access Pipelines (DAPL). The movement began in 2016 after the approval of the project in the United States. The movement was started by a group of indigenous people, primarily the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, in April of that year. They protested the pipeline because the route would cross through sacred burial grounds and they feared that oil spills would contaminate drinking water. In that way, the movement became as much as a human rights cause as it was an environmental cause. The hashtag would later become even more popularized as celebrities like Shailene Woodley participated in and livestreamed the protests under the same hashtag
 * #PrayforParis - The epicenter of Paris encountered unexpected terrorist attacks, leading to worldwide effects to spread the incident. During this event, the violence that occurred were shocking. More specifically, terrorists were wearing suicide belts. With this on themselves, they were planning to enter the stadium along with other people. Despite the person being prevented from entering, this demonstrates the severity of how people are risking their own lives, indirectly affecting others. Following the incident, more than 70 million people begun to share this news on various social media platforms in order to reach a broader audience. For example, on Facebook, the social media platform enabled users to change their profile picture to a transparent overlay of the France flag. The purpose of changing a user’s Facebook profile was to indicate a wave of support for this unfortunate event that occurred.  Just as how Facebook was utilized in expressing and spreading support for the event, Twitter was also utilized. However, rather than creating a transparent overlay on a Twitter’s user profile, a hashtag was created to emphasize support. This simple hashtag of #PrayforParis allowed users to spread support because audiences were not only informed about the event, but could also click on a hyperlink to learn more about the cause and other user’s perspectives. Furthermore, although social media platforms were useful in spreading awareness, the effect of younger individuals were just as notable. For example, a young child drew his thoughts on paper, and mentioned how "Shot after shot, bang after bang, wasting innocent lives!" Unfortunately, these effects continuously remain those who are affected, leading to three key prayers. France is praying for God's great mercy to be poured to those who are directly affected, for those who are in the wrong to be exposed to the authorities, and finally for those being oppressed to repent for the silence of the church as society has slid in decadence.
 * #HallyuWave - The Hallyu Wave, which literally translates to “flow of Korea” (or more commonly known as the Korean Wave) represents the social movement in connection to the growth and spread of South Korean culture and media. Economically, Hallyu is tremendously profitable, attracting millions of tourists and fans per year and produces many forms of entertainment, such as Korean pop music and television drama series, ultimately generating billions of USD dollars in annual revenue which further strengthens its economic prosperity and stability.  Furthermore, being a powerful social movement in its own right, Hallyu holds considerable influence in politics as well. The ninth president of South Korea, Roh Moo-hyun, once stated that Hallyu can be used to improve or repair the tense relations between the Koreas.   Still, North Korea does not have its own rendition of Hallyu and even rejects it; for example, when Psy’s “Gangnam Style” was released in 2012, North Korea viewed the song with contempt because while South Korea was attracting positive attention, it was also undermining the impoverished conditions of North Korea at the same time.  In 2017, the South Korean military repeatedly broadcasted the hit 2009 song "Tell Me Your Wish" by Girls' Generation over the North Korean border as a form of psychological warfare, with Pyongyang considering the broadcasts "an open act of war."
 * We have decided that it's too difficult to re-organize each hashtag into a sub-category as many of them fall under different ones. A better approach might be to categorize them into country of origin rather than human rights, environment, etc.
 * Editing of previous hashtags to include more information.
 * #Sosblakaustralia
 * #ShoutYourAbortion
 * The "Other examples" subsection could use some organization; the content is well-cited but doesn't appear to have structure.
 * Expand on the "Criticism" section? It definitely has plenty of room for improvement.

 Peer Review (Guowei Yang) 

My first reaction to your edit is that wow, you guys are working on a large modification, great job! From the current edit, I think you guys want to classify different hashtags, but I feel some of the significant hashtags are not included in your list, such as #Resist, #TravelBan, #NotMyPresident, so I would suggest that perhaps in each category, explain thoroughly 3 of the most significant hashtags in that category. And also, it seems that there are still some grammar mistakes in the paragraphs which needs to be proofread. Overall, this should be a great modification to the original article and I really look forward to seeing your article edit!

= Drafting An Article - Second Article: Pantsuit Nation =
 * Background: information on Libby Chamberlain (founder of the group)
 * In October 2016, Libby Chamberlain, a private resident of Brooklin, Maine founded Pantsuit Nation, a secret Facebook page. Chamberlain attended Yale University, graduating in 2006. She is a mother of two, and formerly worked as a College and Career Counselor at a local high school in Maine. Chamberlain originally started Pantsuit Nation in an effort to encourage some of her Facebook friends to wear Clinton's trademark pantsuits to the voting polls in support of the nation's first female presidential candidate nominated by a major party. She considered Clinton and her pantsuit to both be emblematic of the historic effort towards equal rights for women. Chamberlain wanted to create a space for positivity, the celebration of female power, and support in a time plagued by cynical rhetoric.
 * Members of the group range in age, ethnicity, and political alliances, but they all share the common goal of wanting to empower women and to advocate for equality in the workplace. The invitation-only group originally started with only 30 members, growing to 24,000 members overnight and to 2.9 million by November 8, 2016. The group's members share stories of their support for Clinton within families who and communities that supported other candidates, as well as stories of their family members who fought for civil rights. Many posts to the group contain fan art from the campaign, including its logos and slogans on clothes, signs, bodies, and food.
 * Criticism: why some people think the group is a sham
 * Some believe that Chamberlain is turning Pantsuit Nation from a space of grieving and healing into a branding machine, used to further her own profit-seeking ambitions. Before Chamberlain announced on Pantsuit Nation that she had secured a book deal using the group's name, The New York Times released an article explaining the book's projected timeline. Chamberlain has so far not disclosed any details about where or who the profits of the book will go to, or the breach in privacy of the group members who shared their intimate stories.

= Topic Selection - Hashtag Activism Page = Currently looking at this page, I feel like there is a lack of thorough information on the topic of actvisim on social media through hashtags. While there are a lot of hashtags currently displayed, many are missing (e.g.#IstandwithAhmed, #NotOneMore, etc.). I think it's important to include a more thorough list of these hashtags and to link them to their main social page. At the same time, I also want to regroup them into separate sub-categories like human rights, environment, etc. I also want to add more about the pros and cons of hashtag activism on the page.There aer also some hashtags with more information than others. I would like to edit them so that they are fairly the same size in length, as to not put more weight on one over the other.


 * 1) IstandwithAhmed - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2015/09/16/istandwithahmed-scientists-and-the-public-surge-to-support-boy-arrested-for-homemade-clock/; provides context for Ahmed's story and how the public took to social media to provide support.


 * 1) NotOneMore - http://series.hashtagsunplugged.com/notonemore: provides more context for the hashtag and some of the key players in it.


 * 1) noDAPL - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/29/us/dakota-access-pipeline-protest.html

Pros - https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2010/oct/02/malcolm-gladwell-social-networking-kashmir : Why awareness is important

Cons - https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/10/04/small-change-malcolm-gladwell: Slacktivism

= Groupwork - Online Social Movement = Online communities build off social movements, enabling the connection of persons worldwide to develop a base and gain awareness to the cause. Online social movements gained momentum in the late 20th century and early 21st century[1] as new generations sought social change. With access to the internet and the fast growing World Wide Web, online social movements brought awareness to issues both political and social. Online social movements have been praised and criticized; the former for its ability to raise awareness to important causes, and the latter for its ability to perpetuate problems like slacktivism. Some communities resort to hacktivism, an extreme form of online activism in order to generate support for their movement.

Contents

 * 1The impact of online movements
 * 1.1Beneficial impacts
 * 1.2Detrimental impacts
 * 2Examples of online movements
 * 3The future
 * 4Important figures
 * 5See also
 * 6References

The impact of online movements
The impact of online movements has been substantial since the introduction of the internet. With the ever-growing medium of social media, internet activism has reached the forefront of the internet. Through the use of social networking sites as Facebook and content-sharing sites as YouTube, the opportunity for wide-scale, online social participation has increased.[2]

Nowadays the importance of giving voice to priorities such as public health, political unrest, disaster relief, and climate change have introduced internet as a source for social change.citation needed]

Beneficial impacts
Several social media movements have raised money for causes, such as the ALS Ice Bucket challenge raising $100million[3] in 30 days. Even if they do not directly involve monetary funding, many online social movements raise awareness for causes such as institutionalized racism against African Americans with the Black Lives Matter movement and the inappropriate use of force by police authorities against black females, such as with the Say Her Name social movement. Others have rallied with online communities to enact and stimulate political and cultural changes, such as the Women’s March. These marches originally started as a Facebook campaign and then grew into an internationally-recognized day with an estimated 3.5 million people marching in cities all across the United States and the world in one of the largest collective protests. In the political sphere, active online groups increase political participation and rally people by providing a framework for discussion, leading petitions, and collecting donations in order to further a political agenda.[4]  Also, online groups help people overcome various constraints, like time or income, that previously prohibited them from participating in various political campaigns. http://www.scholarsstrategynetwork.org/brief/how-social-movements-are-using-internet-change-politics

Detrimental impacts
Some experts believe there are potential weaknesses and long-term repercussions that can be identified with online movements. Some examples are clicktivism and slacktivism, where the use of social media to promote a cause include activities such as:[5] An example of a social movement that has received harsh criticism due to the effects that it had is the Black Lives Matter movement with incidents of looting and arson following the grand jury's decision to not indict the police officer that fatally shot Michael Brown in August 2014. There was public outcry after over 100 people burglarized stores and marketplaces in Ferguson, Missouri following the release of the court's decision.[6] The online movement was criticized heavily by the conservative news source TheBlaze, saying that the online movement exacerbated feelings of injustice that ultimately led to looting and riots.[7]
 * Organising protests
 * Facilitating boycotts
 * Online parody and satire

Examples of online movements
Social movements advance their work through the media. It is easier, less costly and time consuming to link collective behaviour as real time communication can occur vastly and simultaneously via social media. [8]Some examples of online movements include:

Political Movements & Demonstrations Human Rights Science and Health Economic Inequality
 * Egyptian revolution of 2011
 * Iranian protest
 * England Riots
 * 2014 Venezuelan protests
 * Invisible Children
 * #BlackLivesMatter
 * Say Her Name
 * #JeSuisCharlie
 * Worldwide Refugee Crisis, Refugees Welcome
 * #LoveWins
 * ALS Ice Bucket Challenge
 * March for Science
 * Occupy Wall Street
 * The Zeitgeist Movement[9][10]

The future
The future of online movements is hard to predict. However, there are some clear directions where they could certainly lead towards. Vanessa DiMauro believes the biggest trend concerning online communities in the near future is private online communities. While these large networks that we encounter and use on a day-to-day basis have provided us with a productive and collaborative experience they have also increased to unmanageable sizes. To become a learning environment these groups need to be much smaller and manageable. This is where the idea and trend of private online communities could potentially be the future of online communities.[11]

Internet activism
Online communities use various forms of Internet activism to spread the information for their cause in an efficient manner. Using the Internet is a much more efficient way to empower a social movement because it allows for communities to engage with communities through online platforms, such as social media, mass e-mail campaigns, etc.

Data activism

Main article: Data activism

Online communities employ the collection of data for the purpose of analyzing the characteristics of a specific group or demographic. Then, activists can use tailored data from these targets to then execute strategies which are tailored to the target group.

Hacktivism

Main article: Hacktivism

Hacktivism is an efficient tactic for a social movement to use because these online activists, or “hacktivists” typically do not act within any ethical or legal restrictions. For example, hacktivists and even hacktivist groups have a number of methods to use which includes, but is not limited to the distribution of electronic communication en masse, “leaking” classified information, or releasing viruses, malware, and malicious software to attack the opposing groups.

Because of the potential implications, hacktivists often remain anonymous. For example, the founder of WikiLeaks, a website containing leaked information, has been

Important figures

 * Shaun King; a Twitter-based civil rights activist.
 * DeRay McKesson; Twitter- and Instagram-based civil rights activist, known for his involvement in the Black Lives Matter movement.
 * Colin Kaepernick; American football quarterback known for his involvement in the Black Lives Matter movement and causing controversy for kneeling rather than standing for the national anthem, a symbolic act in protest of the unjust and oppressive treatment of people of color in the United States.
 * Rachel Dolezal; civil rights activist that caused controversy after her Caucasian parents disclosed that she was a Caucasian woman passing as black.[12] Received backlash on various social media platforms for claiming she was a victim of hate crimes as an African American woman.[13]
 * Van Jones; civil rights activist and creator of various initiatives such as #YesWeCode, which is meant to give aid to minorities in technology fields.
 * Alicia Garza; African-American activist who started the #BlackLivesMatter initiative.