User:Ivy.bergstrom/sandbox

Assignment 8
Current Lead Section on the page:

The biopsychosocial model is a model of health that includes biological, psychological, and social factors. The model was proposed by George L. Engel in 1977 for understanding health and illness.

Our Lead Section:

The Biopsychosocial Model is an interdisciplinary model that looks at the interconnection between biology, psychology, & socio-environmental factors. The model specifically examines how these aspects play a role in topics ranging from health & disease models to human development. This model was developed by George Engel in 1977 and is the first of its kind to employ this type of multifaceted thinking. The Biospychosocial Model it has received criticism about its limitations, but continues to carry influence in the fields of psychology, health, medicine, & human development.

Current History Section on the page:

The biopsychosocial model was proposed by George L. Engel to better reflect the development of illness through the complex interaction of biological factors (genetic, biochemical, etc), psychological factors (mood, personality, behavior, etc.), and social factors (cultural, familial, socioeconomic, medical, etc.).[1][non-primary source needed][2][non-primary source needed] The model provides a blueprint for research, a framework for teaching, and a design for action in the real world of health care.[3][non-primary source needed]

The proposal of the model was in reaction to the perceived lack of science being used in psychiatry at the time and the reductionist approach used in other medicine fields—neither of which were adequate for treating illness.[1][non-primary source needed] In developing the model, Engel noted that it needed to be equally applicable for illnesses, rather than being for either physical or psychological problems. By considering both in the same terms, it became obvious that both the inclusion of somatic and psychosocial factors were indispensable and the exclusion of either would impact on patient care.[citation needed]

Our History section: Ivy's

The biopsychosocial model was proposed by George L. Engel to better reflect the development of illness through the complex interaction of biological factors (genetic, biochemical, etc), psychological factors (mood, personality, behavior, etc.), and social factors (cultural, familial, socioeconomic, medical, etc.).

'''It does not look like much of a change, but Ivy has found a non-primary source. Ivy is not sure how to get rid of the part where it says "needs non-primary source" ''' ---good job girl!! -Katie

'You should be able to erase this notation in Edit source mode. If you can't either Ian or I can do it. ' J.R. Council (talk) 19:22, 17 April 2019 (UTC)

The model provides a blueprint for research, a framework for teaching, and a design for action in the real world of health care.

The proposal of the model was in reaction to the perceived lack of science being used in psychiatry at the time and the reductionist approach used in other medicine fields—neither of which were adequate for treating illness. In developing the model, Engel noted that it needed to be equally applicable for illnesses, rather than being for either physical or psychological problems. By considering both in the same terms, it became obvious that both the inclusion of somatic and psychosocial factors were indispensable and the exclusion of either would impact on patient care.

Relevant Theories & Theorists (does not exist on current page): Katie's & Ivy's section if enough info

George Engel George Engel who originally developed the Biospychosocial model is often considered a primary theorist associated with the model. Engel used this model to offer an alternative to the more readily used biomedical model (hyperlink) of the time. Engel felt the biopsychosocial model allows physicians to better understand their patients subjective view of their illness and suffering (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1466742/).

Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model needs more research to determine relevance

https://web-b-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.lib.ndsu.nodak.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=7&sid=e5265894-4a45-41ef-8710-c57f81a0d652%40sessionmgr102&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=2017-33873-002&db=psyh

Sameroff's Transactional Model needs more research to determine relevance

https://web-b-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.lib.ndsu.nodak.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=7&sid=e5265894-4a45-41ef-8710-c57f81a0d652%40sessionmgr102&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=2017-33873-002&db=psyh

Question to Ivy: should we include something about Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model and/or Sameroff's transactional model? I need to research more into these models to determine relevance, but wanted your take (feel free to approve or veto) Hillskay (talk) 04:23, 16 April 2019 (UTC)

Potential Applications (does not exist on current page): Katie's section

When Engel first proposed the biopsychosocial model it was for the purpose of better understanding health and illness. While this application still holds true for the model it now also holds sway for topics such as health, medicine, & development.

The biopsychosocial model has many uses in health and medicine. Firstly, as proposed by Engel, it helps physicians better understand their whole patient. Considering not only physiological & medical aspects but also psychological & sociological well being (needs citation). Furthermore this model is closely tied to health psychology (hyperlink). Health Psychology examines the reciprocal influences of biology, psychology, behavioral, & social factors on health & illness.

The developmental applications of this model are equally relevant. One particular advantage of applying the biopychosocial model to developmental psychology is that it allows for an intersection within the Nature versus Nurture (hyperlink) debate. This model allows developmental psychologists a theoretical basis for the interplay of both hereditary & psychosocial factors on an individuals' development (https://web-b-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.lib.ndsu.nodak.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=69dce24d-c53e-489f-b6d8-a8ef706fd331%40sessionmgr101&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=2004-17580-020&db=psyh). Hillskay (talk) 04:23, 16 April 2019 (UTC)

Current Criticism section on page: Ivy's section

There have been a number of criticisms of the biopsychosocial model. Benning summarized the arguments against the model including that it lacked philosophical coherence, was insensitive to patients' subjective experience, was unfaithful to the general systems theory that Engel claimed it be rooted in, and that it engendered an undisciplined eclecticism that provides no safeguards against either the dominance or the under-representation of any one of the three domains of bio, psycho, or social.[4] Some have argued that the approach borders on anarchy because of the suggestion that the target and focus on intervention is determined by the practitioner based on personal preference.[5] Finally, some became reductionistic about the model itself, attempting to predict small parts of one aspect to predict the functioning in one field of medicine, for example psychiatry.[6]

Our Criticisms and Achievements section

(Ivy decided to add the achievements section, Katie is welcome to veto, I just read some cool stuff) --Katie's reply: There not a ton of info on the biopsychosocial model, so I think it's a great addition!! In 2002, the World Health Organization adopted the biopsychosocial model for the basis of its publication: The International Clasification of Health, Disability and Functioning.

Criticisms for the biopsychosocial model include the abuse of the model, doubts of the scientific basis. . Benning has claimed that it lacks philosophical coherence and that it lacked philosophical coherence, was insensitive to patients' subjective experience, was unfaithful to the general systems theory that Engel claimed it be rooted in, and that it engendered an undisciplined eclecticism that provides no safeguards against either the dominance or the under-representation of any one of the three domains of bio, psycho, or social. . Some have argued that the approach borders on anarchy because of the suggestion that the target and focus on intervention is determined by the practitioner based on personal preference. Finally, some became reductionistic about the model itself, attempting to predict small parts of one aspect to predict the functioning in one field of medicine, for example psychiatry.

See also (links to related pages) Katie & Ivy

George Engel Health Psychology Developmental Psychology Nature versus Nurture Hillskay (talk) 04:23, 16 April 2019 (UTC)


 * we will add relevant theories and theorists as they come up

References

Katie's end note: For assignment 8 I chose to focus on just getting the information down, but am fuzzy on how to cite information within wiki's edit source. I plan to do this as part of my "polishing for assignment 9, and focus on content for assignment 8, the sources I use are still cited (the URLs linked parenthetically), just not cited to wikipedia standards at the momentHillskay (talk) 04:23, 16 April 2019 (UTC)

Ivy.bergstrom (talk) 23:00, 15 April 2019 (UTC)

Dr. Council's comments on Assignment 8
J.R. Council (talk) 19:26, 17 April 2019 (UTC)
 * This looks very good. Just clean it up and it's ready to publish. Nice work!

Dr. Council's comments on Assignment 9, below
Made a minor edit. This looks ready to go. I am sending the link to Ian for his final approval. J.R. Council (talk) 09:04, 25 April 2019 (UTC)

Assignment 9 (Final, Final Draft)
Lead Section:

The Biopsychosocial Model is an interdisciplinary model that looks at the interconnection between biology, psychology, & socio-environmental factors. The model specifically examines how these aspects play a role in topics ranging from health & disease models to human development. This model was developed by George Engel in 1977 and is the first of its kind to employ this type of multifaceted thinking. The Biospychosocial Model it has received criticism about its limitations, but continues to carry influence in the fields of psychology, health, medicine, & human development.

History
The biopsychosocial model was proposed by George L. Engel to better reflect the development of illness through the complex interaction of biological factors (genetic, biochemical, etc), psychological factors (mood, personality, behavior, etc.), and social factors (cultural, familial, socioeconomic, medical, etc.).

George Engel
George Engel who originally developed the Biospychosocial model is often considered a primary theorist associated with the model. Engel used this model to offer an alternative to the more readily used biomedical model of the time. Engel felt the biopsychosocial model allows physicians to better understand their patients subjective view of their illness and suffering.

Potential applications
When Engel first proposed the biopsychosocial model it was for the purpose of better understanding health and illness. While this application still holds true for the model it now also holds sway for topics such as health, medicine, & development.

The biopsychosocial model has many uses in health and medicine. Firstly, as proposed by Engel, it helps physicians better understand their whole patient. Considering not only physiological & medical aspects but also psychological & sociological well being. Furthermore this model is closely tied to health psychology. Health Psychology examines the reciprocal influences of biology, psychology, behavioral, & social factors on health & illness.

The developmental applications of this model are equally relevant. One particular advantage of applying the biopychosocial model to developmental psychology is that it allows for an intersection within the Nature versus Nurture debate. This model allows developmental psychologists a theoretical basis for the interplay of both hereditary & psychosocial factors on an individuals' development.

Criticisms and achievements
In 2002, the World Health Organization adopted the biopsychosocial model for the basis of its publication: The International Clasification of Health, Disability and Functioning.

Criticisms for the biopsychosocial model include the abuse of the model, doubts of the scientific basis. . Tony Benning, a psychiatrist, has claimed that it lacks philosophical coherence and that it lacked philosophical coherence, was insensitive to patients' subjective experience, was unfaithful to the general systems theory that Engel claimed it be rooted in, and that it engendered an undisciplined eclecticism that provides no safeguards against either the dominance or the under-representation of any one of the three domains of bio, psycho, or social. . Some have argued that the approach borders on anarchy because of the suggestion that the target and focus on intervention is determined by the practitioner based on personal preference. Finally, some became reductionistic about the model itself, attempting to predict small parts of one aspect to predict the functioning in one field of medicine, for example psychiatry.