User:JASMIN2351/sandbox

Symptoms and Treatment Español (Spanish) | Print Key Facts Is it Dengue or is it COVID-19?

1 in 4: About one in four people infected with dengue will get sick. For people who get sick with dengue, symptoms can be mild or severe. Severe dengue can be life-threatening within a few hours and often requires care at a hospital. Symptoms Mild symptoms of dengue can be confused with other illnesses that cause fever, aches and pains, or a rash. Graphic of human body showing most common symptom of dengue is fever with any of the following: eye pain, headache, muscle pain, rash, bone pain, nausea/vomiting, joint pain The most common symptom of dengue is fever with any of the following:

Nausea, vomiting Rash Aches and pains (eye pain, typically behind the eyes, muscle, joint, or bone pain) Any warning sign Symptoms of dengue typically last 2–7 days. Most people will recover after about a week.

Treatment There is no specific medicine to treat dengue. Treat the symptoms of dengue and see your healthcare provider. If you think you have dengue [PDF – 1 page] See a healthcare provider if you develop a fever or have symptoms of dengue. Tell him or her about your travel. Rest as much as possible. Take acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol outside of the United States) to control fever and relieve pain. Do not take aspirin or ibuprofen! Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. Drink water or drinks with added electrolytes. For mild symptoms, care for a sick infant, child, or family member at home. Sign for emergency room Symptoms of dengue can become severe within a few hours. Severe dengue is a medical emergency.

Severe dengue About 1 in 20 people who get sick with dengue will develop severe dengue. Severe dengue can result in shock, internal bleeding, and even death. If you have had dengue in the past, you are more likely to develop severe dengue. Infants and pregnant women are at higher risk for developing severe dengue. Symptoms of severe dengue Warning signs of severe dengue

Watch for signs and symptoms of severe dengue. Warning signs usually begin in the 24–48 hours after your fever has gone away.

Immediately go to a local clinic or emergency room if you or a family member has any of the following symptoms.

Belly pain, tenderness Vomiting (at least 3 times in 24 hours) Bleeding from the nose or gums Vomiting blood, or blood in the stool Feeling tired, restless, or irritable Treatment of severe dengue If you have any warning signs, see a healthcare provider or go to the emergency room immediately. Severe dengue is a medical emergency. It requires immediate medical care at a clinic or hospital. If you are traveling, find health care abroad. Page last reviewed: September 20, 2021 Content source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Division of Vector-Borne Diseases (DVBD)

https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/symptoms/index.html#:~:text=The%20most%20common%20symptom%20of,%2C%20joint%2C%20or%20bone%20pain)

Dengue Fever - Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

Pace Hospitals Read here in Hindi / Telugu

People with weakened immune systems as well as those with a second or subsequent dengue infection are believed to be at greater risk for developing dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue fever is a painful, debilitating mosquito-borne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses. These viruses are related to the viruses that cause West Nile infection and yellow fever.

Symptoms of Dengue Fever Symptoms, which usually begin four to six days after infection and last for up to 10 days, may include:

Sudden, high fever (105 degree) Severe headaches Pain behind the eyes Severe joint and muscle pain Fatigue Nausea Vomiting Diarrhoea Skin rash, which appears two to five days after the onset of fever Mild bleeding (such a nose bleed, bleeding gums, or easy bruising) dengue fever symptoms - 7 warning signs of dengue fever Sometimes, dengue fever symptoms are mild and can be mistaken for those of the flu or another viral infection. Younger children and people who have never had the infection before tend to have milder cases than older children and adults.

However, serious problems can develop. These include dengue hemorrhagic fever, a rare complication characterized by high fever, damage to lymph and blood vessels, bleeding from the nose and gums, enlargement of the liver, and failure of the circulatory system. The symptoms may progress to massive bleeding, shock, and death. This is called dengue shock syndrome (DSS).

People with weakened immune systems as well as those with a second or subsequent dengue infection are believed to be at greater risk for developing dengue haemorrhagic fever.

Causes of Dengue Fever Dengue fever is caused by one of four dengue viruses (DENV). Transmission of these viruses to humans happens through the bites of an infected mosquito. The most common types of mosquitoes responsible for spreading dengue fever are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes.

These mosquitoes are widely found in tropical and subtropical regions, including Southeast Asia, the western Pacific islands, Latin America, and Africa. When an infected mosquito bites a person, the virus initially enters the bloodstream, targets the liver, and then propagates to other organs. It replicates there and impairs the liver's functioning, accumulating toxins in the blood, resulting in fever, muscle pain, headache, and rash. If not managed, its severity may cause liver failure.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Dengue haemorrhagic fever is a severe and fatal condition of patent suffering from dengue fever. The patient may develop dengue hemorrhagic fever symptoms that include pain in the abdomen, persistent vomiting, change in body temperature from fever to hypothermia, irritability, confusion, and haemorrhagic manifestations. The patient might show early signs of shock, including weak pulse, restlessness, and cold clammy skin.

Abnormal haemostasis and plasma leakage are the pathological cause of the occurrence of haemorrhagic dengue fever. The plasma leakage is due to the cytokine-mediated increased vascular permeability.

Vascular permeability is defined as the ability of blood vessels to regulate the bidirectional flow of molecules and immune cells up to a particular size and to prevent the extravasation of larger molecules. In normal circumstances, molecules lesser than 40 kDa can pass through, whereas molecules such as albumin (66 kDa) and transferrin (80 kDa) retain. In case of disease conditions, such as inflammation or allergy, molecules of 2,000 kDa may extravasate, resulting in plasma leakage.

Dengue haemorrhagic fever is mainly observed in children and infants. Epidemiological studies reported, dengue haemorrhagic fever occurs, especially in children with a secondary infection with a dengue virus or infected with different serotypes from their primary (initial) dengue infection. In infants, they acquire dengue antibodies from the mother and experience dengue infection.

As per World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, the following are the criteria defined for dengue hemorrhagic fever.

Presence of any haemorrhagic manifestation Thrombocytopenia (decrease in platelet count; <100,000 cells/mm3) Increased body temperature or recent history of fever (lasting for 2–7 days) Evidence of increased vascular permeability Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Pregnancy Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a serious complication of dengue fever and is more likely to be seen in pregnant women than non-pregnant. This might be due to changes in immunologic, physiologic, endocrinologic and metabolic changes during pregnancy that increase the risk of having infections.

Most pregnant women are more likely to infect in the third trimester. Placental injury and possible vertical transmission of the virus occur as a result of increased vascular permeability and endothelial leakage in dengue hemorrhagic fever. During the first trimesters, spontaneous abortion and in the third trimester, premature birth and severe and prolonged bleeding after surgical births are serious complications.

Dengue Shock Syndrome Dengue shock syndrome is a serious complication of dengue infection that has a high death rate. Secondary infection with a different viral serotype causes severe dengue.

The exact cause of the dengue shock syndrome is still under research; however, scientists proposed the following theory:

Dengue shock syndrome is caused by abnormal and increased host immune responses, specifically the development of cross-reactive antibodies of the dengue virus, which further exacerbates the infection. The cross-reactive antibodies which are formed during the primary dengue virus infection have no neutralising action. The dengue virus and non-neutralising antibodies produce viral-antibody complexes upon subsequent infection by a different serotype, leading to more cells being infected with the dengue virus, resulting in a severe form of dengue. This is known as antibody-dependent enhancement, and it is thought to have a role in the pathophysiology of shock. Patients suffering from severe dengue die as a result of progressively worsening shock and multiorgan failure. Diagnosis of Dengue Fever Doctors can diagnose dengue infection with a blood test to check for the virus or antibodies to it. If you become sick after travelling or living near to people those already having dengue infection, let your doctor know. This will allow your doctor to evaluate the possibility that your symptoms were caused by a dengue infection.

Doctors may suggest a combination of blood tests and imaging tests to diagnose dengue fever infection, because the body’s immune response to the virus is complex and dynamic. The dengue infection is difficult to diagnose without laboratory and radiology tests because initially symptoms may be the same as other diseases, such as malaria. Tests may include:

Complete blood count (CBC or CBP) - to check the platelet count typical of the later stages of the illness and to detect the decrease in hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cell (RBC) count (evidence of anemia) that would occur with blood loss associated with severe dengue fever. Dengue Serology Test (Dengue IgG & IgM) - to detect antibodies produced by the immune system when a person has been exposed to the virus; these tests are most effective when performed at least 4 days after exposure in both primary and secondary infections. Dengue Virus Antigen Detection (NS1) - to confirm Dengue viral infection. This test is useful to diagnose early dengue infection and can be conducted within 1-2 days following Dengue infection.

In case of severe symptoms Doctors may suggest other blood test and radiology imaging test to know the spread of dengue infection to other organs, these may include:

Liver function tests (LFT) - to detect mild elevations in serum bilirubin, elevated transaminases and derangements in serum albumin caused by Aedes mosquito's virus hepatotoxic effects that can aslo lead to acute liver failure, with fatal outcomes. Renal Function Test (RFT) - to check the elevation of the serum creatinine level that may cause variety of renal diseases such as Acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, hypotension, rhabdomyolysis, proteinuria, glomerulopathy, nephrotic syndrome or hemolysis. ECG - to check the heart electrical disturbances. In many patients ECG abnormalities observed mainly sinus bradyarrhythmias, ventricular asystole, sinus tachyarrhythmias, supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and ST- and T-wave changes due to electrolyte abnormalities of potassium, calcium, magnesium caused by dengue infection. Ultrasound abdomen (USG) – to check the conditions like serositis, fluid in abdomen, edema of the gallbladder, pericholecystic fluid, ascites (buildup of fluid in spaces within your abdomen) mainly caused by dengue fever infection. Chest X-ray - to check the pleural effusion (the build-up of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura (the tissues that line the lungs and the chest)), pericardial effusion (the buildup of the fluid in the saclike double-layered structure around the heart called as pericardium) caused by dengue fever infection. D-dimer – to check D-dimer value in the blood, D-dimer is a protein fragment made when a blood clot dissolves in your body. Dengue fever infection can increase the D-dimer levels in the blood and that can result pain in body, sharp chest pain, high fever, trouble breathing and changes in skin color of your arm or leg. 2D echocardiography (2D Echo) - to check the damage to heart muscles. Severe dengue fever affects the heart structurally and functionally. Cardiac complications secondary to dengue virus infection vary from self-limiting arrhythmias to severe myocardial infarction, leading to hypotension, pulmonary edema, and cardiogenic shock. A fibrinogen test - to check fibrinogen levels, Fibrinogen is a blood protein made in liver and helps blood clotting. Low fibrinogen may make it difficult for blood to clot. In case of complicated dengue hemorrhagic fever patients have tendency of excessive bleeding, doctor may go for this test to check your fibrinogen levels. Fibrin degradation products blood test - to check the FDP levels, Fibrin degradation products (FDPs) are the substances left behind when clots dissolve in the blood. Increased FDPs may be a sign of primary or secondary fibrinolysis (clot-dissolving activity) due to dengue hemorrhagic fever. Request an appointment for Dengue Fever or Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Treatment Name: Phone: Email: Message:

How Dengue Impact the production of White Blood Cell (WBC) & Platelets? Dengue infection is mainly spread through the bite of a virus-infected Aedes Aegypti mosquito. The virus enters the body when the mosquito bites and begins to spread. The drop in platelets is caused by a condition called "thrombocytopenia", through direct suppression of the bone marrow or an autoimmune reaction and antibodies pushed into place. Although the dengue virus does not destroy platelets, it can trigger complications that impair platelet count and function.

Platelet loss can be recorded in many underlying conditions. A healthy person is estimated to have 1,50,000 - 4,50,000 platelets / μL. When infected with the dengue virus, platelet counts can reach minimal levels, may be less than 40,000 platelets / μL. In some cases, you can witness the decline within a day. This usually occurs at the peak of infection, during a fever of 3-4 days. Comorbidities, immunity, and age can also exacerbate platelet loss.

https://www.pacehospital.com/dengue-fever-causes-symptoms-and-treatments Dengue fever 6-minute read

Print Share  Save

Listen Key facts Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus. You can catch dengue fever when a mosquito infected with dengue virus bites you. Most people who have dengue fever recover in about a week, but sometimes the infection is more serious. On this page What is dengue fever? What are the symptoms of dengue fever? What causes dengue fever? When should I see my doctor? How is dengue fever diagnosed? How is dengue fever treated? Can dengue fever be prevented? Complications of dengue fever Resources and support Related information on Australian websites What is dengue fever? Dengue fever or dengue virus infection is an illness with symptoms that are like a bad case of the flu. However, dengue fever is caused by a virus carried by mosquitoes. These mosquitoes are mainly found in: Asia, Africa and South America (see map).

Most areas of Australia do not have the type of mosquitoes that carry dengue. Outbreaks of the disease still occur in North Queensland every year. This happens when someone becomes infected overseas, and is then bitten by a mosquito in Australia. That mosquito can then spread dengue virus to others.

Illustration of the world map with risk areas for dengue fever. Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical countries in Africa, Asia and South America. What are the symptoms of dengue fever? If you have dengue fever, you may have:

a sudden fever headache — pain behind your eyes chills swollen glands muscle and joint pain fatigue (feeling very tired) abdominal (tummy) pain nausea and vomiting a faint red rash These symptoms can be mild or very bad.

Symptoms usually appear between 3 and 14 days after being bitten by the mosquito. The fever usually lasts for about 6 days.

Most people who have dengue fever recover in about a week. Sometimes, the infection is more serious, and occasionally it’s fatal (causes death).

What are the symptoms of severe dengue fever? Severe dengue (also known as dengue haemorrhagic fever) is rare but can lead to death. Symptoms of severe dengue can start 3 to 7 days after the first symptoms of dengue.

People with severe dengue feel very unwell and have extra symptoms such as:

severe abdominal pain rapid breathing persistent vomiting vomit with blood in it bleeding gums unexpected bleeding restlessness Dengue haemorrhagic fever occurs most often in children and young adults.

Getting different types of dengue, even years apart, increases your risk of developing severe dengue.

If you have dengue fever and feel very unwell, call triple zero (000) for an ambulance.

What causes dengue fever? Dengue fever is caused by one of 4 dengue viruses that are carried by mosquitoes.

The dengue virus can be spread by 2 types of mosquito:

the Dengue mosquito (Aedes aegypti) the Asian Tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) Dengue is not passed directly from person to person.

When should I see my doctor? If you have symptoms of dengue fever and are concerned, you should speak with your doctor right away.

FIND A HEALTH SERVICE — The Service Finder can help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services.

ASK YOUR DOCTOR — Preparing for an appointment? Use the Question Builder for general tips on what to ask your GP or specialist.

How is dengue fever diagnosed? Your doctor will assess you by:

talking to you examining you ordering blood tests They may need to order a second blood test to help diagnose dengue fever.

How is dengue fever treated? There is no specific medicine to treat dengue fever.

People who have dengue fever should get medical advice. It’s also important to:

rest drink plenty of fluids reduce the fever using paracetamol If you have dengue fever, do not take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin and ibuprofen. These can increase your risk of bleeding.

If possible, have someone stay at home to look after you.

Can dengue fever be prevented? There is currently no vaccine to prevent dengue fever in Australia. The best way to prevent it is to avoid being bitten by mosquitos.

How to prevent mosquito bites:

Wear loose, long-sleeved, light-coloured clothing. Remember to also wear socks and covered shoes. Mosquitoes will bite through tight clothing. Use a mosquito repellent on exposed skin that contains DEET, picaridin or oil of lemon eucalyptus. Regularly check and empty any containers of still water around your home such as pot plant saucers. Mosquitos breed in still water. The mosquitoes that transmit dengue will bite throughout the day. They’re most active in the hours after sunrise and before sunset.

Be extra careful when in areas with a higher risk of mosquito-borne diseases. This might be overseas or in Central and Far North Queensland. Use window screens or air conditioning.

If someone in your house has dengue, it’s very important to avoid mosquito bites. Mosquitoes can carry the infection from one person to another.

Complications of dengue fever Some complications or signs of severe illness with dengue fever include:

dehydration bleeding hepatitis (inflammation of your liver) shock Severe dengue fever is rare but can lead to death.

If you have dengue fever and feel very unwell, call triple zero (000) for an ambulance.

Resources and support You can call the healthdirect helpline on 1800 022 222 (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available to speak with 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

Sources: Communicable Diseases Network Australia (Dengue CDNA National Guidelines for Public Health Units), NSW Health (Dengue) Learn more here about the development and quality assurance of healthdirect content.

Last reviewed: May 2023