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History

Tourism first began to increase during the 17th century when wealthy Europeans would follow the ‘Grand Tour’ of Western Europe which traditionally started in the United Kingdom before travelling to Italy [9]. Throughout the industrial revolution, tourism continued to spike as people began to have more disposable income and technological advancements made transport more convenient and affordable. In 1841, Thomas Cook, founder of Thomas Cook & Son, took 500 passengers by train on a return trip from Leicester to Loughborough [10]. This was his first excursion and is seen as a significant milestone in the creation of the British tourism industry [10]. The world wars dampened the growth of the tourism sector, although after World War II the government began putting measures in place to increase tourism recognising its political and economic influence [11]. By 1987, the World Tourism Organization estimated 3.4% of the UK’s GDP came from tourism [11]. More recently, budget airlines and cheap accommodation has caused almost continuous year-on- year growth. In more recent times, terrorist attacks in the UK such as the 7/7 bombings in 2005 have an expected negative impact on the tourism industry [12]. The Global Financial Crisis of 2008 caused three consecutive years of the number of visitors from overseas decreasing for the only period between 2002-2017 [13].


 * 1) Towner, J, 1985, ‘The grand tour: A key phase in the history of tourism’, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 12, no. 3, pp 297-333, < https://doi.org/10.1016/0160- 7383(85)90002-7>
 * 2) History Extra 2019, The package holiday revolution, viewed 24 April 2020, < https://www.historyextra.com/period/victorian/the-package-holiday-revolution/ >
 * 3) Bejou, D Palmer, A, 1995, ‘Tourism destination marketing alliances’, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 22, no. 3, 1995, pp. 616-629, < https://doi.org/10.1016/0160- 7383(95)00010-4>


 * 1) Mao, L. J., 2019, ‘Impacts of Terrorism in the United Kingdom and Europe on Tourism in the United Kingdom’, Advances in Applied Sociology, vol. 9, pp. 491-504, < https://doi.org/10.4236/aasoci.2019.911036 >
 * 2) Luty, J 2019, Inbound tourist visits to the United Kingdom (UK) 2002-2018, viewed 24 April 2020, < https://www.statista.com/statistics/287133/annual-number-of- overseas-visits-to-the-united-kingdom-uk/>