User:JECason/sandbox

I'm considering focusing my work on notable midwives of the 20th century because I'm curious about how their work evolved during the rise of obstetrics and hospital birth facilities. The historical marginalizing of midwifery in my lifetime and the rarity of home birth obscures the continuity of a tradition that has relied on an apprenticeship model for training each generation. Wikipedia could serve to call attention to those who have carried the tradition forward. As I attend to biography, I'd like to put it in the context of policy and practices that shaped a shift in public opinion and choices regarding birth options.

Preliminary Sources
(to help me identify or select an article subject)

Barlow, J. N. (2018). Restoring optimal black mental health and reversing intergenerational trauma in an era of Black Lives Matter. Biography, 41(4), 895-908. [Sheppard-Towner Act]

Bonaparte, A. D. (2007). The persecution and prosecution of granny midwives in South Carolina, 1900-1940 (Doctoral dissertation, Vanderbilt University).

D. Bonaparte, A. (2015). Physicians' Discourse for Establishing Authoritative Knowledge in Birthing Work and Reducing the Presence of the Granny Midwife. Journal of Historical Sociology, 28(2), 166-194.

Craven, C., & Glatzel, M. (2010). Downplaying difference: Historical accounts of African American midwives and contemporary struggles for midwifery. Feminist Studies, 36(2), 330-358.

Davis, S. P., & Ingram, C. A. (1993). Empowered Caretakers: A Historical Perspective on the Roles of Granny. Wings of Gauze: Women of color and the experience of health and illness, 191.

Dawley, K. (2003). Origins of nurse-midwifery in the United States and its expansion in the 1940s. Journal of midwifery & women's health, 48(2), 86-95.

Ehrenreich, B., & English, D. (2010). Witches, midwives, & nurses: A history of women healers. The Feminist Press at CUNY.

Foley, L. (2004). How I became a midwife: identity, biographical work, and legitimation in midwives’ work narratives. Advances in Gender Research, 8, 87-128.

Foley, L. (2005). Midwives, marginality, and public identity work. Symbolic Interaction, 28(2), 183-203.

Goode, K. L. N. (2014). Birthing, blackness, and the body: black midwives and experiential continuities of institutional racism.

Goode, K., & Katz Rothman, B. (2017). African‐American midwifery, a history and a lament. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 76(1), 65-94.

Guerra-Reyes, L., & Hamilton, L. J. (2017). Racial disparities in birth care: Exploring the perceived role of African-American women providing midwifery care and birth support in the United States. Women and Birth, 30(1), e9-e16.

Hunkele, K. L. (2014). Segregation in United States Healthcare: From Reconstruction to Deluxe Jim Crow.

Lee, V. (1996). Granny midwives and black women writers: Double-dutched readings. Psychology Press.

Muigai, W. (2019). "Something Wasn't Clean": Black Midwifery, Birth, and Postwar Medical Education in All My Babies. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 93(1), 82-113. [Mary Frances Hill Coley]

Palmer, D. T. (2012). The Ephemerality of African Diasporic Materiality. African Diaspora Archaeology Network Newsletter.

Peters, A. (2010). Nanna Conti—the Biography of Nazi Germany’s Chief Midwife. In ''International Perspectives in the History of Nursing Conference. Royal Holloway University of London. September'' (Vol. 16).

Pilcher, L., & Stevens, J. (2019). Replaying a Useful South: Black Women, Midcentury Domesticity, and the Films of the Georgia Department of Public Health. Southern Cultures, 25(1), 88-105. [Mary Frances Hill Coley]

Roberts, E. R., & Reeb, R. M. (1994). Mississippi public health nurses and midwives: A partnership that worked. Public Health Nursing, 11(1), 57-63.

Schmidt, R. A., & Voss, B. L. (2005). Archaeologies of sexuality. Routledge. (some info on Lucrecia Perryman)

Sesma, E. (2016). Creating Mindful Heritage Narratives: Black Women in Slavery and Freedom. Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage, 5(1), 38-61.

Thompson, J. E., & Burst, H. V. (2015). A History of Midwifery in the United States: The Midwife Said Fear Not. Springer Publishing Company.

Tom, S. A. (1982). The evolution of nurse-midwifery: 1900–1960. Journal of nurse-midwifery, 27(4), 4-13.

Tucker, A. (2018). ''All my babies: a midwife's own story. A critical examination of media, race, and granny midwifes'' (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh). [Mary Frances Hill Coley]

Ulrich, L. (1991). A midwife's tale: The life of Martha Ballard, based on her diary, 1785-1812. Vintage.[call the midwife?]

Wilkie, L. A. (2003). The archaeology of mothering: an African-American midwife's tale. Psychology Press.

Wilkie, L. A. (2013). Expelling frogs and binding babies: conception, gestation and birth in nineteenth-century African-American midwifery. World Archaeology, 45(2), 272-284.

Wilkie, L. A., Shorter, Jr. (George W.), & Perryman, L. (2001). Lucrecia's Well: An Archaeological Glimpse of an African-American Midwife's Household. University of South Alabama.

Wren Serbin, J., & Donnelly, E. (2016). The impact of racism and midwifery's lack of racial diversity: a literature review. Journal of midwifery & women's health, 61(6), 694-706.

Key Figures and Pages
Lucrecia Perryman (no page yet)

Mary Francis Hill Coley [featured in All My Babies]

Henrietta Phelps Jeffries [brought to trial for practicing without a license]

Sheppard-Towner Act Sheppard–Towner Act [expand the midwifery section]

Neighborhood Heroes Project
Many might think that civic leaders need national status to achieve notability. But true leaders often begin close to home and remain their for a lifetime of achievement worthy of a global encyclopedia. This can be a true local-global approach (act locally; think globally). One model for such a page could be Hazel Heath. Hazel P. Heath. Examples of local figure with a big impact who warrant pages are Ellen Toll and Eleanor Andrews. Might be able to shop this around community councils for input on historical figures whose actions on a local scale have made a radiating difference well beyond the local scene.