User:JMvanDijk/Sandbox4/Box4

This is a list of stadtholders for the Low Countries provinces.

Background
The stadtholder originally was the representative of the Duchy of Burgundy, and later on, the Habsburg Monarchy in the Seventeen Provinces. After the Dutch Revolt against Habsburg Spain, the function was kept to honor the nobles which represented the Dutch Republic, without allowing the nobles to become monarchs.

Each province elected their own Stadtholder. During the Eighty Years' War, some areas had two stadholders: those nominated by the Habsburgs, and those elected by the individual provinces of the Dutch Republic.

County of Drenthe

 * 1536–1540: Georg Schenck van Toutenburg
 * 1540–1548: Maximilian of Egmont
 * 1549–1568: Jean de Ligne
 * 1568–1572: Charles de Brimeu
 * 1572–1574: Gillis of Berlaymont
 * 1574–1576: Caspar de Robles
 * 1576–1581: George de Lalaing
 * 1581–1594: Francisco Verdugo
 * 1595–1618: Frederik van den Bergh, in name only
 * 1595–1620: William Louis of Nassau-Dillenburg
 * 1620–1625: Maurice of Orange
 * 1625–1632: Ernest Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz
 * 1632–1640: Henry Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz
 * 1640–1647: Frederick Henry of Orange
 * 1647–1650: William II of Orange
 * 1650–1664: William Frederick of Nassau-Dietz
 * 1664–1696: Henry Casimir II of Nassau-Dietz
 * 1696–1702: William III of Orange
 * 1702–1722: Second Stadtholderless Period
 * 1722–1751: William IV of Orange
 * 1751–1795: William V of Orange

Lordship of Frisia

 * 1515–1518: Floris van Egmont, Count of Buren
 * 1518–1521: Wilhelm von Roggendorf
 * 1522: Jancko Douwama, Frisian rebel
 * 1521–1540: Georg Schenck van Tautenburg
 * 1559–1548: Maximiliaan van Egmond, Count of Buren
 * 1559–1568: Jean de Ligne, Count of Arenberg
 * 1568–1572: Charles de Brimeu, Count of Megen
 * 1572–1574: Gillis van Berlaymont, Lord of Hierges
 * 1574–1576: Caspar de Robles
 * 1576–1581: George de Lalaing, Count of Rennenberg, in the service of Phillip II
 * 1581–1594: Francisco Verdugo, in the service of Phillip II
 * 1580–1884: William of Orange
 * 1584–1620: Willem Lodewijk
 * 1620–1632: Ernest Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz
 * 1632–1640: Hendrik Casimir I
 * 1640–1664: William Frederick, Prince of Nassau-Dietz
 * 1664–1696: Hendrik Casimir II
 * 1696–1711: Johan Willem Friso of Orange-Nassau
 * 1711–1747: Willem IV of Nassau

Lordship of Groningen

 * 1519–1522: Cristoffel van Meurs
 * 1522–1530: Jasper van Marwijck
 * 1530–1536: Charles of Guelders
 * 1536: Ludolf Coenders
 * 1536–1540: Georg Schenck van Toutenburg
 * 1540–1548: Maximiliaan van Egmond
 * 1549–1568: Jean de Ligne, Duke of Aremberg
 * 1568–1572: Charles de Brimeu
 * 1572–1574: Gillis van Berlaymont
 * 1574–1576: Caspar de Robles
 * 1576–1581: George de Lalaing, Count of Rennenberg
 * 1581–1594: Francisco Verdugo
 * 1584–1620: Willem Lodewijk
 * 1620–1625: Maurice of Nassau
 * 1625–1632: Ernst Casimir
 * 1632–1640: Hendrik Casimir I
 * 1640–1647: Frederick Henry
 * 1647–1650: William II
 * 1650–1664: Willem Frederik
 * 1664–1673: Albertine Agnes of Nassau, regentess for Hendrick Casimir II
 * 1664–1696: Hendrik Casimir II
 * 1696–1707: Henriette Amalia von Anhalt, regentess for Johan Willem Friso
 * 1696–1711: Johan Willem Friso of Orange-Nassau
 * 1711–1729: Marie Louise von Hessen-Kassel, regentess for William IV
 * 1711–1747: William IV of Orange

Duchy of Guelders

 * 1473–1475: William IV of Egmont
 * 1475–1476: William V of Egmont
 * 1474–1477: Philip I of Croÿ-Chimay
 * 1480–1481: William V of Egmont
 * 1481–1492: Adolf III of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein
 * 1492–1504: Guelders independent
 * 1504–1505: Jan V of Nassau-Vianden-Diez
 * 1505–1507: Philip of Burgundy
 * 1507–1511: Floris van Egmond
 * 1511–1543: Guelders independent
 * 1543–1544: René of Châlon
 * 1544–1555: Philip de Lalaing
 * 1555–1560: Philip de Montmorency
 * 1560–1572: Karel van Brimeu
 * 1572–1577: Gillis van Berlaymont
 * 1578–1581: John I the Old of Nassau
 * 1581–1585: William IV of Bergh
 * 1585–1587: Claude de Berlaymont
 * 1587–1626: Florent de Berlaymont
 * 1584–1589: Adolf van Nieuwenaar
 * 1590–1625: Maurice of Nassau
 * 1625–1647: Frederick Henry of Orange
 * 1647–1650: William II of Orange
 * 1650–1675: First Stadtholderless Period
 * 1675–1702: William III of Orange
 * 1702–1722: Second Stadtholderless Period
 * 1722–1747: William IV of Orange

Upper Guelders

 * 1502–1522: Reinier of Guelders
 * 1522–1543: Occupation by the Habsburgs
 * 1543–1579: No stadtholder
 * 1579–1589: Jan van Argenteau
 * 1589–1592: Marcus de Rye de la Palud
 * 1592–1593: Charles of Ligne
 * 1593–1611: Herman van den Bergh
 * 1611–1618: Frederik van den Bergh
 * 1618–1632: Hendrik van den Bergh
 * 1632–1637: Occupation by the Dutch Republic
 * 1640–1646: Willem Bette
 * 1646–1652: Jan Koenraard van Aubremont
 * 1652–1680: Filips Balthasar van Gendt
 * 1680–1699: Johan Frans Desideratus of Nassau-Siegen
 * 1699–1702: Philippe Emanuel, Prince of Hornes

County of Hainaut

 * 1477–1482: Adolph of Cleves
 * 1482–1511: Philip I de Croÿ
 * 1511–1521: Charles I de Croÿ
 * 1521–1549: Philip II de Croÿ
 * 1549–1558: Charles II de Lalaing
 * 1558–1560: Charles de Brimeu
 * 1560–1566: John IV of Glymes
 * 1566–1574: Philip of Noircarmes
 * 1574–1582: Philip de Lalaing
 * 1582–1590: Emanuel Philibert de Lalaing
 * 1592–1606: Charles III de Croÿ
 * 1613–16: Charles Bonaventure de Longueval
 * 1663–1674: Philippe François de Ligne

County of Holland, Zeeland, and Utrecht
The stadtholdership of Holland and Zealand has always been combined. Since the office was instituted there in 1528, the stadtholder of Utrecht has been the same as the one of Holland, with one exception. In 1572, William of Orange was elected as the stadtholder, although Philip II had appointed a different one.

During the First Stadtholderless Era, the provinces of Holland, Zealand and Utrecht were governed by their States free from autocratic intervention. The Second Stadtholderless Era in Holland ended when the Frisian stadtholder became hereditary stadtholder for all provinces of the Dutch Republic.


 * 1433–1440: Hugo van Lannoy
 * 1440–1445: Willem van Lalaing
 * 1445–1448: Gozewijn de Wilde
 * 1448–1462: Jean de Lannoy
 * 1462–1477: Loys of Gruuthuse
 * 1477–1480: Wolfert VI van Borselen
 * 1480–1483: Joost de Lalaing
 * 1483–1515: Jan III van Egmond
 * 1515–1521: Henry III of Nassau-Breda
 * 1522–1540: Antoon I van Lalaing
 * 1540–1544: René of Châlon
 * 1544–1546: Louis of Flanders
 * 1547–1558: Maximilian II of Burgundy
 * 1559–1567: William of Orange
 * 1567–1573: Maximilien de Hénin, 3rd Count of Bossu
 * 1573–1574: Philip of Noircarmes
 * 1574–1577: Gillis van Berlaymont
 * 1572–1584: William of Orange
 * 1584–1589: Adolf van Nieuwenaar
 * 1585–1625: Maurits of Nassau
 * 1625–1647: Frederik Hendrik of Orange
 * 1647–1650: William II, Prince of Orange
 * 1650–1672: First Stadtholderless Period
 * 1672–1702: William III of Orange
 * 1702–1747: Second Stadtholderless Period

Duchy of Luxemburg

 * 1451–1475: Antoine I de Croÿ
 * –1511: Philip I de Croÿ
 * 1545–1552: Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort
 * 1552–1555: Maarten van Rossum
 * 1556–1558: Charles de Brimeu
 * 1559–1604: Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort (second time)
 * 1604–1626: Florent de Berlaymont
 * 1654–1675: Philip of Croÿ-Ligne
 * 1675–16: John Charles de Landas (acting)
 * 16–16: Ernst of Croÿ-Ligne
 * 1684–1688: Henry de Lambert
 * 1727–1734: Franz-Paul von Wallis

Lordship of Overijssel

 * 1528–1540: Georg Schenck van Toutenburg
 * 1540–1548: Maximiliaan van Egmond
 * 1548–1568: Jean de Ligne
 * 1568–1572: Charles de Brimeu
 * 1572–1573: Gillis van Berlaymont
 * 1573–1576: Caspar de Robles
 * 1576–1581: George de Lalaing
 * 1581–1594: Francisco Verdugo
 * 1594–1618: Frederik van den Bergh
 * 1584–1589: Adolf van Nieuwenaar
 * 1590–1625: Maurice, Prince of Orange
 * 1625–1647: Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange
 * 1647–1650: William II, Prince of Orange
 * 1650–1675: First Stadtholderless Period
 * 1675–1702: William III, Prince of Orange
 * 1702–1747: Second Stadtholderless Period
 * 1747–1751: William IV, Prince of Orange
 * 1751–1795: William V, Prince of Orange