User:JONAJAE/Science and technology in Japan

Science and technology in Japan are mostly concentrated in electronics, robotics and the automotive industry.

Electronics
Japan is a well-known country in the electronics industry worldwide and Japanese electronic products account for a large share of the global market compared to most other countries. Japan is one of the leading countries in scientific research, technology, machinery and medical research, with the world's third largest research and development budget estimated at $130 billion and over $677,731 researchers. Japan has received most of the Nobel Scientific Awards in Asia (see list of Nobel Prize recipients by country)

Japan has a group of large international companies such as Fuji (which developed the country's first computer, FUJIC 1999 in 1956), Sony, Panasonic, Cannon, Fujitsu, Hitachi, Sharp, NI SE, Nintendo, Ibson and Toshiba are among the world's best known electronics companies.

Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Mazda, Mitsubishi, Suzuki and Subaru are also well known among the world's automobile companies.

It is estimated that 16% of gold in the world and 22% of silver in the world are in electronic technology in Japan.

Aeronautics
The Japan Space Exploration Agency (JAXA), which is responsible for research on space, planets, aviation research, spacecraft and satellite development, has developed a series of rockets, such as the H-IIB and H-IIA/B rockets, which have the capability to carry 8 tonne payloads into geostationary orbit (GTO) at maximum. Specifically in partnership with the private sector, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries built the Japanese experiment module launched on a space shuttle and added to the International Space Station, assembled and installed between 2007 and 2008, and also launched the H-II transport vehicle to carry payloads to the station in 2009.

Nuclear Energy
Since 1973, Japan has been looking to become less dependent on imported fuel and begin to rely on nuclear power. In 2008, seven new nuclear reactors were opened in Japan.

Japan became the third largest consumer of nuclear power in the world, operating 55 nuclear reactors and providing 34.5% of the electricity in Japan.

After the tsunami and the failure of cooling systems at the Fukushima nuclear power plant on March 11, 2011, a state of nuclear emergency was declared in the country and 1,400,000 residents within 20 km of the plant were evacuated.

Nobel Prize laureates
Several Japanese researchers have won several Nobel prizes, such as Yukawa Hideki, who was educated at Kyoto University, who received the prize in physics in 1949, and Shinichiro Tomonaga in 1965. Leo Asaki, who was educated at the University of Tokyo, received the award in 1973. Kenichi Fukui Prof. at Kyoto University, who was awarded the 1981 Prize in Chemistry, and Susumu Tunegawa, who was awarded the 1987 Prize in Physiology and Medicine and was also educated at Kyoto University. Japanese chemists awarded awards in 2000 and 2001 include: The first was the scientist Hideki Shirakawa, who studied at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, then Ryuji Nuyori (Kyoto University) and also received the King Faisal Prize. Masatoshi Kushiba was also educated at the University of Tokyo and awarded the Prize in Physics in 2002. And Koichi Tanaka from Tohoku University and won in chemistry in 2002. Makoto Kobayashi, Toshihihide Masakawa and Yuichiro Nambo, a native of Japan, shared the three prizes in physics. Osamu Shimomura also won the prize in chemistry in 2008. Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano, and Shōji Nakamura, who are of Japanese descent, shared the prize in physics in 2014.

Biomedical research in Japan
Japan is also a leading country in the field of scientific research and biomedical research in particular.

Japanese Scientists
The Onajawa Nuclear Power Plant is a model unit for nuclear power plants in Japan.

Kitasato Shibasaburō

Jokchi Takamin

Hantaru Nagaoka

See further
Japan's electronics industry

Hayabusa

Japan's nuclear programmed