User:JSFarman/sandbox/Jacob Rosen

Jacob Rosen is an Israeli American expert in medical robotics. A professor of medical robotics in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of California, Los Angeles and the director of the university's Bionics Lab, Rosen's research focuses on human-centered robotics, medical robotics (surgery and rehabilitation), wearable robotics (exoskeletons), teleoperation, haptics and virtual reality. Rosen is noted for his pioneering role in the development of Rave - a surgical robotic systems for telesurgery, several generations of upper and lower limb exoskeletons, and the Exo-UL7, a wearable robotic exoskeleton.

Early life, Military Service, and Education
Rosen's father, Asher, was born and raised in Warsaw Poland. In Sept. 1 1939 he crossed the border into Russia along with his four brothers during the Nazi invation to Poland. His two married sisters along with his parents were parishes by the Nazis in Auschwitz. Once on Russia soils he was accursed for being a Nazi spy and was sent along with his brothers to Russian Gulag - Labor camp in Siberia. In 1941 he was recruited as a member of Anders' Army, and served in Iraq, Syria, and Palestine. Later on during WWII war he fought in Italy as part of the Jewish Brigade of the British Army. At the end of WWII he joined the Haganah the Jewish underground that later on converted into the Israel Defense Forces and fought in Battles of Latrun (1948) during the Israeli war independence (1948 Arab–Israeli War). Eventually he settled in Tel Aviv in 1960, where he married his wife Batia Rosen which gave birth to Jacob Rosen his only child in 1965. This life long struggle for survival and the fighting against the odds was inherited for generation to come.

Rosen became interested in science and engineering in middle school, and attended Handasaim Herzliya High School, a science focused high school from 1980-1983, which back in the time was associated with Tel Aviv University. He opted to complete his undergraduate degree prior to performing his mandatory military service, and earned a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Tel Aviv University in 1987. Upon the completion of his degree he joined the Israel Defense Forces, Following 5 years in service he was discharged as a captain in 1992.

During his final year in the IDF, Rosen began working on his master's degree at Tel Aviv University. He was awarded an M.Sc. in Biomedical Engineering, summa cum laude in 1993. Attracted to academic research he decided to remain at Tel Aviv University to pursue a doctoral degree in Biomedical Engineering which he completed in 1997. The core of his Ph.D. research was focused on studying the natural integration between the human neural system and a wearable robot (upper limb exoskeleton) under the supervision of Prof. Mircea Arcan Prof. Moshe Fuchs. Rosen moved to the United States to continue his post doctoral studies as a Research Associate in the BioRobotics Laboratory at the University of Washington working closely Prof. Blake Hannaford (Dept. of Electrical Engineering) and Dr. Mika Sinanan (Dept. of Surgery). Rosen's research is inspired by a mantra inhered by his Ph.D. advisor who noted "everything you do may not impact humankind but it must at least improve the health or well being of one person.”

Rosen was a competing athlete and a member of the Israeli rowing team between 1980 and 1993. He raced in many regattas in Europe during that time. He competed in a lightweight double scull (LW2X) with his partner Arje Brillman in the World Rowing Championships at Hazewinkel Belgium 1985, in the World Rowing Championships at Nottingham UK 1986, and in a quad scull (4X) in the World Rowing Championships in Vienna, Austria 1991.

Career
Rosen began his postdoctoral research as part of a group led by the director of the UW Biorobotics Laboratory, Blake Hanniford, and Mika Sianan, a professor of surgery. The group received a grant from the National Science Foundation to explore how technology and robotics can effect surgery and collaboratively developed a system to objectively assess surgical skills using an open-source algorhythm. The benefits of collaboration and a multi-disciplinary approach subsequently became a primary area of interest for Rosen.

In 2002 Hannaford and Rosen were recruited by the US Department of Defense to explore surgical robotics as an option to treat wounded soldiers on the frontline immediately following a traumatic injury. They developed a surgical platform, RAVEN, which could be controlled remotely and perform minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery on a patient, precisely maneuvering the RAVEN’s two arms via 3D/HD visualization. In a notable demonstration of Raven, operators in Seattle performed a series of procedures simulating surgical tasks with a RAVEN that had been reassembled 60 feet underwater off the coast of Key Largo, Florida. With a Linux-based operating system, RAVEN was the first surgical robot to use open-source software, which allowed researchers to experiment and collaborate.

In 2006, Rosen created the Red Dragon and the Blue Dragon, a tool for assessing minimally invasive surgical skill evaluation that was later commercialized by Simulab as The Edge. It catalogs a variety of actions, ranging from how much pressure a surgeon applies to tissue to the range of motion involved in each procedure. In describing the utility of the Red Dragon and the Blue Dragon, Rosen said: "Surgery is like a language. In the same way we pronounce words differently, doctors will apply different pressure and move tools differently during surgery."

Rosen remained at UW until 2008. He served as Research Associate Professor and an Affiliated Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Co-Director of Research at the Institute for Surgical and Interventional Simulation at the School of Medicine, and held adjunct positions with the Department of Surgery and the Department of Mechanical Engineering.

In July 2008, Rosen accepted a position leading the Bionics Lab at the University of California, Santa Cruz in addition to serving as an associate professor in the department of Computer Engineering at the Baskin School of Engineering. At UCSC, Raven II systems were designed and built, utilizing electronics designed at UW. Funded by a $1.1 million grant by the NSF, Raven II was used in surgery research at seven different U.S. universities: Harvard University; Johns Hopkins University; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; University of California, Berkeley; University of California, Los Angeles;  University of California, Santa Cruz; and University of Washington.

In 2009, Rosen, with another grant from the National Science Foundation, developed Exo-UL7, an exoskeleton which consists of two wearable robotic arms. One arm allows the user to reach 95 percent of the natural range of motion, or “workspace,” of the human arm. The other, which is still the subject of active research, is a method for using neurological signals to control the exoskeleton.

Since 2014, Rosen has been at UCLA, where he directs the Bionics Lab and serves as a professor in the department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering.

Related Endeavors
In 2013, Rosen co-founded SPI, Inc., a TK to TK. The following year, he co-founded Exosense, Inc., TK, and Applied Dexterity, Inc., a TK to TK. (Interaction: ) (Collaboration - open source) Applied Dexterity, Raven: Applied Dexterity: Exosense:

Selected publications

 * Raven: Developing a Surgical Robot from a Concept to a Transatlantic Teleoperation Experiment, Chapter 8 in Surgical Robotics, Systems, Applications, and Visions (with with Mitchell Lum, Mika Sinanan, Blake Hannaford, Richard M. Satava (Editors), 1 ed. Springer 2011.


 * Raven-II: an open platform for surgical robotics Research, IEEE Transaction of Biomedical Engineering – Special Issue on Surgical Robotics VOL. 60, NO. 4, pp. 954-959 April 2013 with Blake Hannaford, Diana W. Friedman, Hawkeye King, Phillip Roan, Levi Cheng, Daniel Glozman, Ji Ma, Sina Nia Kosari, Lee White, R


 * The RAVEN - A Multidisciplinary Approach to Developing a Telesurgery System, the International Journal of Robotic Research, Special Issue: Medical Robotics Part I: Vol. 28, No. 9, pp. September 2009. (With M.J.H. Lum, D. C. W. Friedman,, G. Sankaranarayanan, H. King, K. Fodero II, R. Leuschke, , and B. Hannaford, M. N. Sinanan)


 * Evaluation of Unmanned Airborne Vehicles and Mobile Robotic Telesurgery in an Extreme Environment, Vol. 14, No. 6 pp. 534-544, July/August 2008, Telemedicine and e-Health. (With B. M. Harnett, Charles R. B. Hannaford, and T. J. Broderick)


 * Doc at a Distance, IEEE Spectrum, October 2006, pp. 34-39 (With B. Hannaford)


 * Unilateral and Bilateral Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb Following Stroke via an Exoskeleton. Chapter 15 In Neuro-robotics: From brain machine interfaces to rehabilitation robotics Panagiotis Artemiadis (Editor), Springer 2014, ISBN: 978-94-017-8931-8 (With B. M. Harnett, Charles R. B. Hannaford, and T. J. Broderick)


 * Chronic stroke survivors achieve comparable outcomes following virtual task specific repetitive training guided by a wearable robotic orthosis (UL-EXO7) and actual task specific repetitive training guided by a physical therapist, Journal of Hand Therapy Vol. 26, pp. 343-362, 2013 (With Nancy N. Byl, Gary M. Abrams, Erica Pitsch, Irina Fedulow, Hyunchul Kim, Matt Simkins, and Srikantan Nagarajan)


 * Kinematic Data Analysis for Post Stroke Patients Following Bilateral Versus Unilateral Rehabilitation with an Upper Limb Wearable Robotic System, IEEE Transactions on Neural System and Rehabilitation Engineering – Vol. 21, No. pp. 153-164, March 2013. (With Hyunchul Kim, Levi Makaio Miller, Irina Fedulow, Gary M. Abrams, and Nancy Byl)


 * Upper-Limb Powered Exoskeleton Design, IEEE Transactions on Mechatronics, Volume 12, No. 4, pp. 408-417, August 2007 (With Hyunchul Kim, Levi Makaio Miller, Irina Fedulow, Gary M. Abrams, and Nancy Byl:


 * Generalized Approach for Modeling Minimally Invasive Surgery as a Stochastic Process Using a Discrete Markov Model, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 399- 413, March 2006 (With J. D. Brown, L. Chang, M. Sinanan B. Hannaford)