User:Jab0912/Thought broadcasting

In psychiatry, thought broadcasting is the belief that others can hear or are aware of an individual's thoughts. The person experiencing this symptom can also think that their thoughts are being broadcast through different medias, such as the television or the radio. Different people can experience thought broadcasting in different ways. Thought broadcasting is most commonly found among people that have schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder. People with thought broadcasting rarely admit to having this symptom or to the severity of the symptom.

Thought broadcasting has multiple accepted definitions since it can present itself in different ways. The first definition is that the person hears their thoughts out loud and believes that others can hear the thoughts too. This definition relies on the fact that the thoughts are audible, through auditory hallucinations, in order for other people to hear the thoughts. The second definition is that the person believes others can hear their thoughts with no real explanation of how they can hear their thoughts. The thoughts are said to be leaving the person's head silently, with no auditory hallucinations, and the person does not know how the thoughts are leaving their head. The way their thoughts are known by others is unknown by the patient. The last definition is that the person believes that others are able to control or think with them and can hear their thoughts that way. The thoughts do not become audible to the patient since there are no auditory hallucinations.

An example of thought broadcasting could be if a student is sitting in class and is thinking about what he or she may have planned for the upcoming weekend. They may start to believe that their teacher can hear their plans that they are thinking about and know that they are not paying attention to the lecture being given. They may also believe that the other students in the classroom can hear their thoughts about their plans and are judging them for the plans that they have. The student experiencing this symptom could then be embarrassed and become even more disengaged in the lesson since they may start to try to control their thoughts in order to make sure no one can hear anything they are thinking about the weekend ahead they have planned. They may even leave class, depending on the severity.

Thought broadcasting can be a positive symptom of schizophrenia. Thought broadcasting has been suggested as one of the first rank symptoms (Schneider's first-rank symptoms) believed to distinguish schizophrenia from other psychotic disorders.

In mild manifestations, a person with this thought disorder may doubt their perception of thought broadcasting. When thought broadcasting occurs on a regular basis, the disorder can affect behavior and interfere with the person's ability to function in society. According to an individual's personality this is considered to be a severe manifestation of thought broadcasting that is usually indicative of schizophrenia. Those who experience this symptom often steer clear from many social interactions. They can become socially isolated to make sure that no one can hear their thoughts. This symptom is often stress induced, or worsens as their stress increases, and may lessen around those that they trust. In severe cases, the person may believe that people who are not even in the same room as them, or even in the house next door, can hear their thoughts.

Overtime, thought broadcasting can shape how one thinks. If someone says a word or phrase similar to what the patient may have been thinking, that could catalyze this symptom, especially if it happens fairly frequently.

A combination of antipsychotic medication (such as Abilify, Zyprexa, Risperdal, and Clozaril) is used to treat thought broadcasting. Although case studies utilizing a combination of antipsychotics and cognitive behavioral therapy have been completed with mixed results, individuals with psychotic disorders are often excluded from clinical trials studying psychological treatments for obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8191597/

-Diagnosis and classification

-Manifestations

-Association with other psychological disease

-Treatment

David Letterman Lawsuit

Colleen Nestler, an Albuquerque, New Mexico woman filed a lawsuit against David Letterman in 2005 alleging that he caused her sleep depravation and forced her into bankruptcy over a 10 year period. The suit blamed Letterman for mental cruelty beginning in 1993 when his show moved to CBS. Nestler stated that she began sending Letterman love letters in 1993, which he responded to via coded messages. Examples of the coded messages highlighted in the suit by Nestler included things such as Letterman wearing a baseball cap with the letter "C" on it which she believed referred to her. Others included secret communications through songs sung by his guests and a marriage proposal communicated through Oprah Winfrey. After Letterman's attorneys responded by stating Letterman had never met Nestler, a judge rescinded the restraining order which had called for Letterman to remain 3 yards from Nestler at all times.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0163443709350101?journalCode=mcsa

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dushad-Ram-2/publication/320279185_Thought_broadcasting_of_obsessions_in_patient_with_difficult_to_treat_schizophrenia/links/5a004309458515a835b8de1d/Thought-broadcasting-of-obsessions-in-patient-with-difficult-to-treat-schizophrenia.pdf

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rstb.1996.0136

https://ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/appi.ps.51.10.1288

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/defining-thought-broadcast/4D8C00E06176192E900B974417BD0C26

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539855/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5257266/