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Microbial Characteristics
Bordetella avium like other Bordetellae is a gram negative coccobacillus. This genus is characterised by small aerobic bacteria (with the exception of B. petrii which is an anaerobe) that produce two conserved toxins: dermonecrotic toxin and tracheal cytotoxin. Unlike other Bordetellae, B. avium is motile and can grow in a filamentous form when grown in nutrient rich broth. Pathogenic strains grow readily on a variety of media, but MacConkey agar is recommended to differentiate this non fermentative bacterium from other fermentative species. Whereas passage attenuated colonies typically have a roughened surface ; Pathogenic B. avium produces pearlescent colonies of 200-1000μm in diameter. When grown on MacConkey agar, pathogenic isolates often develop a darkened raised centre.