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Biogeography of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec

The Isthmus of Tehuantepec, a valley otherwise surrounded by montane habitats, has also been noted as an important biogeographical barrier among montane taxa, such as Mexican birds. Population diversification has been observed among, not only avian fauna, but other organisms as well, including toads and the Central American River Turtle. As a result, the Isthmus presents a case of allopatric speciation wherein a geographic divide gives rise to population divergence and a significant decrease in gene flow.

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Strong billed woodcreeper vocalizations

Even among strong-billed woodcreepers in the neotropics, considerable diversity in vocalization has been reported, especially between subgroups separated by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, a known biogeographical barrier for avifauna along with other organisms. This divide is apparent among X. p. sclateri (located to the north/west of the Isthmus) and X. p. emigrans (located to the south/east of the Isthmus), which also seem to exhibit differences in plumage