User:Jacobkhed/sandbox

Hello! This is my personal sandbox. This is where I may store notes to myself.

Ideas for wiki pages
I sometimes think of ideas for wiki pages that could be created. These new page ideas are because I don't think the information falls under similar pages that currently exist. Some of these ideas though might could just be added sections to existing pages.

Jacobian Applications
The term "Jacobian" often comes up in inverse problems (e.g. getting gas amount from a spectra, or getting emission flux from a gas amount). I think it would be helpful to include a page that discusses this terminology. Also it would be useful to include things like averaging kernels from satellite retrievals.

Earth's Atmospheric Composition Observing Satellites
It may be useful to include a listing/summary page of various satellites that have been, are, or will be used to observe Earth's atmosphere. Could include GHGs, aerosol. Though if column water was included, it could get very long from all of the weather satellites. Columns would include: name, institution, start date (or launch), end date (if applicable), approximate footprint/ground resolution and vertical resolution (if applicable), viewing mode, gases/species (main products), spectroscopy bands, picture. Note: I have begun a draft for this article below, it's still a work in progress.

Solar Induced Fluorescence
This might could actually just be a section under chlorophyll fluorescence. This field is picking up, and there are many new platforms for measurements.

List of Predatory Conferences and journals
? This might could get very long. Though it would be useful information for some when first approached by predatory journals (myself included).

Some examples of Bayesian probability
Some sort of visualization, and maybe some equations on the existing Bayesian probability page could be nice.

STEM surplus in the United States
In my experience, the U.S. has a surplus of workers in STEM, or at least S & M. This is in part from low budgets compared to years before, and the influx of people to STEM fields. Evidence of this surplus is seen in the high number of people in low-paying postdoc positions, and the long wait times to obtain tenure-track jobs after getting a PhD. Here are some articles that could help get started:
 * https://www.nature.com/naturejobs/science/articles/10.1038/nj7508-255a
 * http://www.businessinsider.com/the-real-truth-about-the-stem-shortage-that-americans-dont-want-to-hear-2013-5
 * https://cis.org/America-Has-More-Trained-STEM-Graduates-STEM-Job-Openings
 * https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/02/the-phd-bust-americas-awful-market-for-young-scientists-in-7-charts/273339/
 * http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v542/n7640/full/nj7640-263b.html

An example of a spectrum from Earth's airglow
There is not an example spectrum on the [airglow] page. There are some spectra elsewhere (e.g.: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1960SvA.....4..118M, https://www.osapublishing.org/ao/abstract.cfm?uri=ao-35-31-6115, https://www.photonics.com/a50540/p5/vo100/i607/The_Night_Glows_Brighter_in_the_Near-IR) that could be synthesized into a wiki figure.

STEM surplus in the United States
STEM surplus in the United States refers to the excess of people trained to work in Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields compared to the number of jobs and available resources. Despite concerns about STEM shortages, a 2004 study by the RAND Corporation found no evidence that a shortage had existed since at least 1990 and found no evidence for a future STEM shortage. The persistent anxiety of a shortage of STEM workers dates back to at least the 1930s, and likely arose in the World War II era when the country worried about a national security risk or of falling behind economically from too few STEM workers. Differing predictions of a shortage or surplus are from heterogeneity in the field, in other words it depends on employment sector and field of work.

It has been suggested that the claims of a STEM shortage are fueled by industry seeking to fill markets with lower-cost H-1B visa workers.

Graduates versus positions
Currently there are significantly more people with STEM degrees than there are available STEM positions in the U.S. These workers are employed in non-STEM fields. About 14.7 million U.S. residents hold a STEM degree, but only 3.3 million work in STEM fields. About 58% of STEM degree leave the field within 10 years. However, there are also about 4.3 million people without STEM degrees that work in STEM fields. There is a 50% excess of graduates (those not hired in the field) in computer and information science and in engineering, and a 100% excess of overall STEM graduates. Despite a robust supply of domestic workers available to the IT industry, about one-third to one-half are foreign guest workers. In addition, 31% of workers in the IT industry do not have a STEM degree, which suggests a larger available pool of domestic workers.

Stagnation of STEM salaries and benefits
A shortage of STEM workers would lead to higher salaries, and other benefits such as working conditions, vacation time, and employment location. From 2000 to 2011 average hourly wage for those in computer and math occupations rose less than 0.5% a year. Over the past 30 years non-STEM worker wages have increased by 23%, while STEM worker wages have increased slightly more (by 33%), engineering wages have not increased as quickly (by 18%).

PhD graduates and Postdoctoral scholars
Though PhD graduates in science and engineering have lower unemployment rates than the general population, these rates doubled through 2010. An oversupply was predicted in 1998.

Postdoctoral positions, meant to be temporary positions between receiving a PhD and obtaining a permanent position, are getting longer. Previously postdoctoral work was low-paid and lasted only 1-2 years, but now they are 5 years or longer. A recent increase in postdoctoral scholars is a result of less PhD graduates obtaining permanent positions. Doing postdoctoral work in biomedical sciences leads to a lower salary, which suggests no financial value is places on additional skills and training completed during postdoctoral studies.

Employment prospects and field of study
Astronomy (North2013)

Budget
NSF budget is about the same, but trying to support more people. "More hands in the pie."

Personal Notes
In my experience, the U.S. has a surplus of workers in STEM, or at least S & M. This is in part from low budgets compared to years before, and the influx of people to STEM fields. Evidence of this surplus is seen in the high number of people in low-paying postdoc positions, and the long wait times to obtain tenure-track jobs after getting a PhD. Here are some articles that could help get started:

https://www.nature.com/naturejobs/science/articles/10.1038/nj7508-255a http://www.businessinsider.com/the-real-truth-about-the-stem-shortage-that-americans-dont-want-to-hear-2013-5 https://cis.org/America-Has-More-Trained-STEM-Graduates-STEM-Job-Openings https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/02/the-phd-bust-americas-awful-market-for-young-scientists-in-7-charts/273339/ http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v542/n7640/full/nj7640-263b.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics#Criticism

Christopher Peterson (Law Professor)
Christopher (Chris) Lewis Peterson is the John J. Flynn Endowed Professor of Law at the University of Utah S.J. Quinney College of Law. Peterson is the Democratic nominee for the 2020 Utah gubernatorial election.

Peterson was born and raised in West Valley City, Utah, and obtained his Juris Doctor from the University of Utah. Peterson specializes in consumer protection. He is known for having served as a finance official for the Obama administration, where he focused on protecting United States Armed Forces members from predatory lending.

Personal life and career
Peterson was born in 1974 or 1975 and is a fifth generation Utah resident with pioneer ancestry. He lives in Salt Lake City and is married to Tera Peterson who is also a practicing attorney. They have three children.

Peterson attended public schools in Utah. He later went on to obtain his Juris Doctor from the University of Utah and graduated third in his class. After graduating Peterson worked in Wyoming, Washington, D.C., and Florida before returning as a professor at his alma mater. In 2012–2016 he was on leave to work in Washington, D.C. where he worked in various roles including as a Special Advisor in the Office of the Director at the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), in the Office of Legal Policy for Personnel and Readiness in the United States Department of Defense, and as Senior Counsel for Enforcement Policy and Strategy in the CFPB's Office of Enforcement. While in D.C. his team stopped illegal practices by Wall Street banks, and payday lenders to returning nearly $12 billion to Americans.

In 2018 he was elected fellow of the American College of Consumer Financial Lawyers.

Utah's 2020 Gubernatorial Election
Peterson announced his candidacy for governor of Utah on March 4, 2020. In April his campaign secured 88.4 percent of the vote during the Democratic Primary Convention. On April 20 he announced Karina Brown, a Cache County resident as his running mate for Lieutenant governor. Brown is a healthcare and Medicaid expansion advocate and was a signatory on Proposition 3 to expand healthcare coverage to 150,000 low income Utahns. Voters approved Proposition 3 in 2018, but it was later replaced by elected state leaders.

During the COVID-19 pandemic in Utah Peterson initially supported leaving face mask mandates to local governments until cases in Utah spiked and he urged for statewide mandates. According to his campaign website Peterson supports increased funding for education in Utah including higher teacher compensation and more funds for supplies. He also supports expanding access to affordable health care, safeguarding consumer rights, and stopping gerrymandering. His campaign website also states he wants to improve air quality in Utah, which at times has been poorest in the nation.

Peterson encouraged Republican Party (United States) candidate Spencer Cox to public debates as early as July, but the Cox campaign refused or ignored requests stating it was too early.