User:Jadedthea/sandbox

Cocopa are Native American peoples of the american southwest. At first contact with europeans (sixteenth century), the Cocopa tribe inhabited the lands in the lower reaches of the Colorado River. The Cocopa were part of a larger regional grouping of tribes called the Kumeyaay, which are a Yuman people.

Tribes along the lower Colorado River practiced irrigated agriculture, as evidenced by ancient canals...

The establishment of the U.S. border in YEAR split the tribal lands of the Cocopa in two, so today Cocopa live on both sides of the U.S. - Mexico Border.

is a Native American tribe that emigated from Baja California, Mexico, and settled on the lower reaches of the Colorado River. They are a Yuman people. About 600 members live on the 6000 acre (24 km&sup2;) Cocopah Reservation southwest of Yuma, Arizona, USA. There is a casino and bingo hall.

Kumeyaay

The Cocopah Indian Reservation is located in low lying desert approximately 13 miles south of Yuma and bounded by the Colorado River.

Another Yuman tribe, the Quechan, lives in the adjacent Ft. Yuma Reservation.

Language
Cocopa is a Delta Yuman language of the Yuman-Cochimí language family spoken by Cocopa peoples. It is still being learned by children.

Consonants
Cocopa has 21 consonants:

External link

 * http://www.cocopah.com/
 * The Kumeyaay Story, From the Kumeyayy Perspective

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=River= Rivers serve important ecosystem functions. They support aquatic habitat and riparian habitat. Some rivers also support deltas, estuaries, or lakes.

Healthy and complex river systems support fish, invertebrates, amphibians, birds, plants, and mammals.

Rivers also supply people, farms, and factories with a source of water supply, hydropower, and a means of wastewater conveyance. Some rivers are pristine, while others are highly polluted. Some rivers run free, while others are managed by dams.

In the United States, laws such as the Clean Water Act were enacted by the Congress and the President to help protect rivers for all beneficial uses. Beneficial uses include domestic, industrial, and agricultural supply, habitat, hydropower -- in the past, at least in the developing western United States, consumptive uses have been given higher value than ecosystem uses. This has resulted in the decline of numerous [terrestrial species|terrestrial]],

=LCR=

Lower Colorado River
The following plant community structures have been identified within the floodplain of the Lower Colorado River.


 * Cottonwood-willow
 * Salt cedar-honey mesquite
 * Salt cedar-screwbean mesquite
 * Salt cedar
 * Honey mesquite
 * Arrowweed
 * Atriplex
 * Creosote

Bird Species
Pallid bat Antrozous pallidus SC G Red bat Lasiurus blossevilli AWC G Spotted bat Euderma maculatum AWC G Colorado River hispid cotton rat Sigmodon arizonae plenus - CSC Ag, R Nelson’s bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis nelsoni BLMSS D Ringtail Bassariscus astutus FP R Yuma hispid cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus eremicus SC CSC Ag, R


 * Yuma clapper rail
 * Southwestern willow flycatcher
 * Desert tortoise
 * Bonytail
 * Humpback chub
 * Razorback sucker

=Sac-San Joaquin Delta=

California Bay-Delta Authority
=Southwestern Willow Flycatcher= The southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) is one of four distinct races of willow flycatchers in the tyrant flycatcher family that breed in North America.

Introduction
http://arizonaes.fws.gov/SWWFFINALRecPlan.htm http://www.azgfd.gov/w_c/nongame_southwestern_willow_flycatcher.shtml http://www.dfg.ca.gov/hcpb/cgi-bin/read_one.asp?specy=birds&idNum=75 http://www.prbo.org/calpif/htmldocs/species/riparian/willow_flycatcher.htm http://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g2000/ http://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g2000/longtermindex.htm http://arizonaes.fws.gov/southwes.htm

Description: These subspecies are distinguished primarily by subtle differences in color and morphology (size and shape). The Southwestern Willow Flycatcher is somewhat paler, and has slightly different wing and tail length ratios. Each of the four subspecies occupy distinct breeding ranges.

Small; usually a little less than 6 inches in length, including tail. Conspicuous light-colored wingbars. Lacks the conspicuous pale eye-ring of many similar Empidonax species. Overall, body brownish-olive to gray-green above. Throat whitish, breast pale olive, and belly yellowish. Bill relatively large; lower mandible completely pale. Best identified by vocalizations. Call a liquid, sharply whistled whit! or a dry sprrit; song a sneezy witch-pew or fitz-bew. While perched, characteristically flicks tail slightly upward.

Status
The Southwestern willow flycatcher was first listed on February 27, 1995. It is currently designated as Endangered in the Entire Range. Within the area covered by this listing, this species is known to occur in: Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas, Utah; Central America.

Range, habitat, and nesting
Range: Historically, the breeding range reached from southern California, southern Nevada, southern Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, western Texas, southwestern Colorado, and northwestern Mexico.4 The flycatcher is a migratory bird with little known about its winter range. It is currently thought that it winters in Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. Currently, the breeding range for the flycatcher is similar to the historic range, though much of the riparian habitat in the southwest has been destroyed due to agricultural and urban development.

Threats
riparian tamarisk