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Basic Groups of Participants in (Interactive) Planning
[[Planning|Planning is the integral process and sub-processes of time and space that deals with preparation, formulation and fruition of decisions about the future (Brkovic, 1992). On the other hand, Dror (1973) defined planning as a process, whether in formal and legal matters, wherein decisions will have to be approved and implemented by some other body, or a decision maker.  It is a set of plan and consequences that needs to be laid down for a decision maker to make an appropriate and reasonable selection. Milovanovic (2003) believed that there is an entire chain of a defined process of decision making, and in planning, there are various participants with various intent of actions.  Laurini (2001) suggested that there are three essential links between the participants in planning: politicians, planners and citizens. Sandman (1993) delineated the participant groups who are significant in the conversation about the problems in community: technical experts, media, neighbours, activists, interested citizens, business and industrial team, selected officials, administration of local, regional and national level. However, interested parties are not always participant parties.  According to Healey (1989), participants can be divided in to three main clusters: income-based sector, administration and non-government organizations as a form of organized citizens.  For them the classifications of the participants are anchored on their roles in decision-making.  These are the: proposers, decision makers and the public as the third and last interested party (Healey, 1989).  Milovanovic (2003) stressed that in planning, awareness is the paramount motive for an indepth participation from the different groups.  The quality of plan is highly dependent on the quality of life and the quality of space attached to the plan.  Citizens as participants of the plan are strongly concern only of those outcome that will affect them personally (Pusic, 2001).  The differences in capabilities, resources, and qualifications also influence the quality of the decisions.  Because of these differences, Millovanovic (2003) suggested to create a division of the participants to warrant the participation of the public and other interest groups.]]

Works Cited Milovanovic, D. (2003). Interactive planning - use of the ICT as a support for public participation in planning urban development: Serbia nad Montenegro cases. 39th ISoCaRP Congress 2003.

Brkovic, B. M. (1992). Predavanja iz urbanistickog i prostornog planiranja. Beograd: Arhitektonski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu.

Dror, Y. (1973). The planning process: A Reader in Planning Theory. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Laurini, R. (2001). Information Systems for Urban Plannig. London: Taylor and Francis.

Healey, P. (1997). Collaborative Planning. London: Macmillian.

Pusic, L. (2001). Odrzivi grad: ka jednoj sociologiji okruzenja. Beograd: Nova 175.