User:Jamaljerbassue/sandbox

Article Evaluation
Article Feedback for the Article on Hildegard of Bingen

Credibility

I found the material that was hosted on this article to be clear and concise. Most of the information presented by the article has some direct relation to Hildegard, or her work. Many of the references point directly to her literary work, while other references point to peer reviewed articles of a scholarly nature. Other books are cited especially biographical books giving insight to Hildegard's early life. None of the information provided seemed to be heavily biased in any given direction, and I couldn't find any evidence of any prejudices or anything of that matter. All the information included in the Wikipedia page is from modern interpretation of medieval texts, and it does not contradict the information we have learned recently in class.

It should be noted however that information on Hildegard of Bingen is limited. There are limited references regarding her death. Some of the information presented by this article is actually autobiographical and written by Hildegard herself, which could introduce some bias.

Something else I noted was that some of the information presented in the article isn't laid out as chronologically as seen in other Wikipedia articles. This was also brought up in a Talk post on the page.

Although most links provided as citation were functional, I found it particularly difficult to find where the information was pulled from in the source material, but this might just be due to my lacking abilities.

There was one claim however:"Theoderic utilized sources Guibert had left behind to complete the Vita."That was not backed up by references in the article.

Week 5 - Addition to an Article
Article Addition to Agnodice

I chose to add to this article because it was and still is a stub. I didn't add much, but I added a citation and modified a line that read:"Having trained as a physician, Agnodice tried to assist a woman in labour, who refused to be treated by a man.""To"'...who were ashamed of, or blatantly refused to consult male practitioners.'

Citations

My citations for this edit will be drawn from The One-Sex Body on Trial: The Classical and Early Modern Evidence, written by Helen King published in 2013.

Original book review was:

https://muse.jhu.edu/article/631747/summary

Week 7 - Choosing Article and Plans for Addition
10/07 - My choice in article was the stub presented by Elizabeth D. A. Cohen. I plan to gather any information as possible to extend this article into something usable. Any biographies, or material pertaining to her work will be extremely valuable.

Week 8 - Elizabeth D. A. Cohen
Elizabeth D. A. Magnus Cohen

Religion - Jewish http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/elizabeth-d-a-magnus-cohen

https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/cohen-elizabeth-da

Bibliographical evidence - Retired in 1887. Mention this.

Attended Philadelphia College of Medicine, now renamed Philadelphia college of osteopathic medicine. (Look into this school for more information on Cohen.)

And Elizabeth D. A. Magnus Cohen (future doctor) was born on February 22, 1820, in New York City. Her parents, David and Phoebe Magnus Cohen, were of British ancestry. Her father built the “Great Eastern,” the ship that laid the first trans-Atlantic cable. Elizabeth was educated in New York City, where she met and married Dr. Aaron Cohen, and gave birth to five children. According to interviews she granted to the New Orleans Times-Picayune, her life’s turning point came when her young son died of measles. She felt more could have been done to save her child, and she determined to “become a doctor myself and help mothers to keep their little ones well.” Her husband moved to New Orleans in 1853 to study surgery, while his wife took a quite daring step: She enrolled in the Philadelphia College of Medicine, the first women’s medical school in the United States. NEW ORLEANS NOSTALGIA Remembering New Orleans History, Culture and Traditions By Ned Hémard In a time when women professionals were looked down upon, Aaron Cohen supported his wife’s career choice. In 1857 she graduated fifth in a class of 36 and, diploma in hand, joined her husband in New Orleans. Elizabeth Cohen became the fourteenth doctor, and the very first woman, to practice medicine in Louisiana. Her colleagues in New Orleans (all male) welcomed her at a time when they badly needed medical professionals. Yellow fever was to strike New Orleans a severe blow that year. She must have faced some major obstacles, however, in being accepted. In 1867 the New Orleans City Directory ignored her medical qualifications and listed her as a midwife and in 1869 she was listed as a “doctress”. But by 1876 (almost twenty years later), she at last appeared as Mrs. Elizabeth Cohen, physician. She related in her two Times-Picayune interviews, “I worked with the doctors of those days through two epidemics of yellow fever, one in the year 1857 and one in (1878). I attended to families through generations, and often the girl at whose coming into the world I had assisted, when grown to womanhood would engage me for a similar function.” Mrs. Cohen’s practice was mostly limited to women and children, and after some time she became widowed and alone after the death of her children. In 1887 she entered Touro Infirmary and became a resident of their" Department of the Aged and Infirm, later called the Julius Weis Home for the Aged. She became a hospital volunteer, caring for the sewing and linen room. She cultivated an interest in women’s rights and current events, even in old age. “I’m glad to see the girls of today getting an education. In my youth you had to fight for it. And I believe in suffrage, too—things will be better when women can vote and can protect their own property and their own children.” In anticipation of the ratification of the 19th amendment that year, she replied, “Even if I am a hundred, I’m for votes for women.” And she lived a life longer than a hundred, one devoted to those in need of her talents. By “trying,” she wrote, “my very best to be good according to my ideas of goodness—that is to live in the fear of God and keeping his ten commandments,” she passed away on May 28, 1921, at the ripe old age of 101. Elizabeth Cohen was buried in Gates of Prayer Cemetery on Canal Street, and she left her estate to the Julius Weis Home for the Aged. In those bygone days, people thought of a woman doctor on a par with “laundress”, but (through her perseverance) Elizabeth Cohen made all of New Orleans proud that occasionally Jewish daughters get to be doctors." - http://www.neworleansbar.org/uploads/files/MyDaughtertheDoctorArticle.10-13.pdf

"Dr. Elizabeth D. A. Magnus Cohen was a pioneer in the strongest sense and a New Orleanian by choice. Born in New York City to shipbuilder David Cohen and his wife Phoebe, Elizabeth enjoyed a proper education and married Dr. Aaron Cohen. Of the five children she bore, only one lived to adulthood. It was the death of her youngest son from measles that inspired her to become a physician.

''Dr. Elizabeth Cohen, the first female physician in New Orleans. (Photo courtesy National Institutes of Health)''

''When her husband departed New York to become a surgeon in New Orleans, she applied to the Female Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1854. She graduated three years later, fifth in her class of 36. She was the 14th woman to earn the title of medical doctor in the United States and the first licensed female to practice medicine in Louisiana.''

''According to interviews conducted later in her life, Cohen claimed there was little in the way of bias towards women doctors at the time she received her training in Pennsylvania. Attitudes were different in New Orleans. An editorial in the New Orleans Bee in 1853 railed against women physicians examining male patients.''

''After rejoining her husband in New Orleans, Cohen found it difficult to gain acceptance as a physician. She was listed in the City Directory first as a midwife and for 12 years later was listed as a “doctress.” However, by 1876 she began to list her name as “Mrs. Elizabeth Cohen, physician.”''

''During Reconstruction, Dr. Cohen treated hundreds of patients during the outbreaks of yellow fever that killed thousands. She also saw to the needs of victims suffering from typhoid and smallpox.''

''Pushback against women physicians continued to mount in the intervening years. An editorial in the Journal of American Medical Association suggested that women doctors were to blame for a loss in prestige and earning capacity within the profession. Medical schools routinely refused to admit women and decades of prejudice ensued.''

''Following her retirement in 1887, Cohen moved into Touro Infirmary’s Department of the Aged and Infirm (later the Julius Weis Home for the Aged) and ran the hospital’s sewing and linen room. She had no living relatives at the time of her death on May 28, 1921. She was 101.''

''Cohen had been interviewed the year before as the fight for women’s suffrage neared its endpoint. “I’m glad to see girls of today getting an education,” she stated. “In my youth you had to fight for it. And I believe in suffrage, too – things will be better when women can vote and can protect their own property and their children.”" - http://www.crescentcityjewishnews.com/women-of-valor-new-orleans-ladies/ ''

BIBLIOGRAPHY P.E. Hyman and D.D. Moore (eds.), Jewish Women in America, 1 (1997), 243–44; New Orleans Times-Picayune (Feb. 22, 1920); J. Duffy (ed.), The Rudolph Matas History of Medicine in Louisiana, 2 (1962); Encyclopedia Louisiana(1998).

COHEN, ELIZABETH D.A. MAGNUS (1820-1921), pi- oneering woman physician in the southern United States. Cohen was born and educated in New York City. Married to Dr. Aaron Cohen and mother of five children, Magnus de- cided to study medicine at the age of 33, following the death of her young son. She enrolled in the recently created Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, from which she graduated in 1857. She then joined her husband in New Orleans, becoming the first woman to practice medicine in Louisiana. She helped combat yellow fever epidemics in 1857 and 1858, but thereafter treated mostly women and children in her private medical practice. For two decades she was listed in the New Orleans City Directory as a midwife and then as a "doctress," but in 1876 she finally achieved recognition as Mrs. Elizabeth Cohen, physician. She retired in 1887, following the deaths of her husband and children, and lived for the rest of her very long life in the Touro Infirmary, later known as the Julius Weis Home for the Aged, where she continued to serve as a volunteer. Elizabeth Cohen was an ardent supporter of women's rights and women's suffrage; only after her death at  the age of 101 did the first woman receive a medical degree in  New Orleans, from Tulane University. ^ Khaos Odensland Archive DOCS (The Misanthropic Misogynist)