User:James A Hinnant/sandbox

merriam-webster.com crashed my browser and ate my still-in-preview-only draft wiki article! or at least, m-w.com was straw on the camel's back. could not recover from cache with grep ... was in history but preview from history was blank ...

( refer and distinction - Model )

An engineering model is an early or prototype version of an engineered system, made for development and testing purposes. Such models can be physical, or, as is the case of software components, non-physical. They can be as complex as hi-fidelity launched satellites, such as IRS-1A, or as simple as individual |breadboards, or other electronic circuits. A common but not defining feature of an engineering model is that it may be made by one organization (company, agency, or sub-unit) for development and testing by by another organization. Often most of the testing is performed against engineering models, with the tests being repeated against the final product either in full, in part, or modified.

example in intro: perseverance twin rover is an on-Earth EM of the on-Mars Perseverance rover. The twin rover is an example of an engineering model that was used both before launch and after deployment of the primary rover on Mars. images of perseverance and the twin from the perseverance article inc. captions. for twin, add/mod ref text to full caption

The cost of engineering models can vary greatly. In aerospace, multiple versions of models of electronic components may be made, increasing in cost as higher-fidelity components are used. earlier vs flight-rated components and units/deliverables

engineering models that are no longer in use sometimes find their way to museums, collectors' markets, and auction sites such as ebay.

etymology
 * earliest use at gutenberg.org is a 40's scifi story.
 * not found googling "hawkins electrical library" "engineering model", where same google for "terminal" gets 9K+ hits.
 * earliest use at UNT is 1903 (not so iffy), "civil engineering model and instrument rooms" - https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1454771/m1/3/?q=%22engineering%20model%22
 * second set hits at UNT are unrelated, bunch of radio receiver ads in 1948.
 * 3rd set of hits at UNT is 1951 ad for power plant: https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1487160/m1/10/?q=%22engineering%20model%22
 * "Pictured is engineering model of gigantic new Public Service Power Plant being erected in Lamb County, Texas."
 * 4th hit at UNT: https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth845862/hits/?q=%22engineering%20model%22
 * "The seven American astronauts inspect an engineering model ..."

more thumbs: GRC ion thruster model, on bench and under operation (2 hits): https://images.nasa.gov/search-results?q=ion%20thruster%20engineering%20model&page=1&media=image&yearStart=1920&yearEnd=2022

Examples (list) WP: Scale models, when used for engineering development WP: BHUTAN-1's two engineering models WP: IRS-1A, launched engineering model WP: Type 08 Chinese amphibious armored vehicle has an engineering model WP: Draft:FlatSats ext: https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1487160/m1/10/?q=%22engineering%20model%22 ext: 4000-yo model garden outside Egyptian tomb google: "ancient models" egyptian
 * list of some FlatSats and refs
 * google: "Jose Galan" thebes garden
 * googe: José M. Galán archaeologist
 * https://africa.cgtn.com/2017/05/04/4000-year-old-model-garden-discovered-in-egypt/
 * https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/05/170504093225.htm
 * https://www.arce.org/middle-kingdom-funerary-garden-thebes
 * https://www.staugustinelighthouse.org/2013/11/19/shipmodeling-a-new-hobby-or-an-ancient-tradition/