User:James Harden13/sandbox

Anatomy
Exertional Rhabdomyolysis damages the intercellular proteins inside the sacrolemma. Myosin and actin breakdown in the sacromeres when ATP is no longer available due to injury to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Damage to the sacrolemma and sacroplasmic reticulumn from direct trauma or high force production causes a high influx of calcium into the muscle fibers increasing calcium permeability. Calcium ions build up in the mitochondria, impairing cellular respiration. The mitochondria are unable to produce enough ATP to power the cell properly. Reduction in ATP production impairs the cells ability to extract calcium from the muscle cell [Figure 1]. The ion imbalance causes calcium -dependent enzymes to activate which breakdown muscle proteins even further. High concentrations of calcium cause the muscle to contract in the muscle cells activate the which inhibits the muscles ability to relax due to increased muscle activation [Figure 2]. The increase of sustained muscle contraction leads to oxygen and ATP depletion with prolonged exposure to calcium. The muscle cell membrane pump may become damaged allowing free form myoglobin to leak into the bloodstream.