User:Jamessze/sandbox

Test Results
Test subjects were subjected to desomorphine intake. The completed tests on animal subjects produced results that contrast desomorphine to morphine; Compared to morphine, the results show increased toxicity, more potent relief of pain, higher levels of depression, increased respiration, and increased digestive activity. Early medical trials of humans taking desomorphine have resulted in the finding that small amounts are highly addictive. As of 1936, there are no legal uses of desomorphine in the U.S.

Street Prices
In 2011, a study showed that 120 Rubles worth of desomorphine is enough to equal 500 Rubles worth of heroin. This is a difference of about 12 U.S. Dollars. Young Russian adults' abuse of desomorphine was increasing in reports from 2009. Due to it's cheaper cost, desomorphine was an attractive alternative for these young Russians compared to the high cost of heroin.

Health Effects
Desomorphine typically has large amounts of toxic substances due to the majority of it being produced by non-professionals. Injecting desomorphine can cause serious damage of the skin,blood vessels, bone, and muscles. Causes of this damage are from iodine and phosphorus (and other toxic substances) that are present within the desomorphine. The large volume of tissue damage/infection is what gained the drug it's nickname of the flesh-eating drug. Gangrene, phlebitis, and HIV are also common amongst users of desomorphine. Sometimes, the user will miss the vein when injecting the desomorphine, creating abscess and causing death of the flesh surrounding the entry-point.

Composition
Desomorphine is made from codeine mixed with other substances. The codeine is retrieved from over-the-counter medicine and is then mixed with alcohol, gasoline, red phosphorus, iodine, hydrochloric acid and paint thinner. Toxic fumes of oxides and nitrogen emerge from the drug when heated.

Western Media Coverage
The media in the U.S. and Canada have brought awareness to desomorphine. There have been incidents reported where desomorphine had supposedly been present within either country but all incidents have not been confirmed by any drug-testing reports.

History
Desomorphine was patented on November 13, 1934. Lyndon Frederick Small filed for the patent, under the subject titled "Morphine Derivative and Processes".

In 2005, Russia's drug-enforcement agencies reported instances of desomorphine being used. By 2011, 65 Million doses of desomorphine (aka krokodil) were confiscated by these agencies. Amount of users in Russia was estimated to have reached the one million mark at the peak of the drug's popularity.


 * June 1, 2012: Russia provides stricter controls over sales of medication with codeine.