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Jeannette Judson Sumner, MD (November 15, 1846-November 12, 1906) is one of the first two women known to have studied at Georgetown University. She and Annie Elmira Rice enrolled in Georgetown's Medical Department in 1880. In 1881, both students transferred to the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania (WCMP), where they completed their medical degrees in 1883. The physicians returned to Washington, DC together in June of 1883 and opened the city's first free clinic for women operated by women doctors. The patient-centered care at the Woman's Dispensary set a new model for women's health care in the nation's capital, and offered clinical experience for the growing number of women doctors entering the field. They opened the clinic at 937 New York Avenue, and primarily served women of color. .

Sumner was born in Constantine, Michigan to Hester Ann Hellwig, originally of Baltimore, Maryland. Her father, Watson Sumner, MD, was the town physician. She lived in Brooklyn, New York in 1870 with her mother and brother Rear Admiral George Watson Sumner and his wife Henriette. By 1880, she lived with them and several nieces and nephews in Washington, DC at the time of her enrollment at Georgetown. Her thesis at WMCP was on Hystero-trachelorrhaphy. She also published an article on "A puzzling case of uterine disease" in 1882, presented to the WMCP alumni association in Philadelphia in 1886.

She kept the clinic going after the untimely death of her friend and business partner Dr. Rice in 1884. She was well connected to social leaders in the city, who helped fund the work. She recruited Ida Heiberger in 1887. Male doctors and medical students began joining the staff, with residency opportunities throughout the city in short supply, and Sumner forced to succumb to pressures from her powerful male-dominated consulting board. This step away from the clinic's original mission caused conflict and may have led to its eventual demise. Heiberger left in 1889 and established the Woman's Clinic, more in line with the Dispensary's founding principles, limiting staff appointments to only women doctors, and serving health needs of only women and young children.

In 1896, Dr. Sumner entered St Elizabeths Hospital, then know as the Government Hospital for the Insane. Her recorded condition was blindness. She died there in 1906 and is buried at Rock Creek Cemetery in Washington, DC.