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THEORIST

THEORIES

IMPLICATION TO EDUCATION

Howard Gardner


 * 1) A theory of intelligence that must fulfill eight criteria which will differentiate intelligence into specific modalities rather than seeing intelligence as dominated by single general ability.
 * 2) This theory will impress educator to facilitate learning with variety of methods and activity to all young learners not just to those who excel in linguistic and logical-mathematical abilities. It is recommended for the teacher to really expose the students in different modalities because these will widen each young learner's knowledge with much resiliency.  Through this theory, educators should be able to individualize teaching technique to each students efficiently and effectively.

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2. Robert Stenberg

2.
 * 1) Triarchic Theory of Intelligence-characterize intelligence in terms of distinct component rather than as a single ability. It distinguishes three aspects of intelligence: analytic skills, such as the ability to think abstractly and evaluate information; creativity, the ability to invent novel solutions or ideas; and practical skills, which enable one to cope with concrete situations.


 * 1) The theory will guide teachers to use strategy that will ponder the student's ability in solving problem where they could relate it to their day to day activities. The young learners will be able to establish practical solution when facing certain situation that will improve their creativity and practical skills. With this theory also, educators could help students improve their planning and decision-making skill especially when it is relevant to one's life since experience is the best teacher therefore it somehow mature their way of thinking.

www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/triarchic-theory-13+&cd=12&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ph

3. Sandra Bem


 * 1) Gender schema theory refers to the theory that children learn about what it means to be male and female from the culture in which they live.


 * 1) This theory will help teachers to recognize individual differences especially when classifying student's preference. With this approach, educators should understand that children form their gender identities from the associations they develop from their culture that gives impact not only on how they process social information, but also on their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.

https://www.verywell.com/what-is-gender-schema-theory-2795205

4. Urie Brofenbrenner


 * 1) Ecological systems theory is an approach to study of human development that consists of the 'scientific study of the progressive, mutual accommodation, throughout the life course, between an active, growing human being, and the changing properties of the immediate settings in which the developing person lives, as this process is affected by the relations between these settings, and by the larger contexts in which the settings are embedded.


 * 1) The idea of this theory will help the teacher identify what the child's development acquired which was affected by everything in his surrounding which will reflect to the student's behavior on how he/she will interact with his/her peers. With this, the teacher will be able to classify which among the 5 systems of this theory the child belongs so that educator would be more caring and supportive especially during the teaching time.

https://workfamily.sas.upenn.edu/glossary/e/ecological-systems-theory-definitions

5. Lev Vygotsky

- social interaction precedes development: consciousness and cognition are the end product of socialization and social behavior
 * 1) Social Development Theory


 * 1) The theory provides learning for both teacher and the students. Both play an active role in learning for this process to occur faster and more efficiently. With this approach, the teacher will be encouraged to do oral recitation because it will reciprocate the learning experience within the classroom in which the teacher could also learn from the students as the students learns from the his/her.

https://explorable.com/social-development-theory+&cd=14&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ph

6. Jean Piaget

6. Theory of

Cognitive Development

- explains the development of human intelligence as a person grows from being an infant into a full grown adult. It emphasizes that intelligence is brought about by a series of transformations and various states, and that change is necessary for a person’s intellect to be enhanced

- This will guide the teacher to facilitate learning with the knowledge of providing the suitable learning materials to the students depending also on their level or age. However, with this theory it also includes assimilation where we tend to take the relatively new information unknown to us from our environment and fit them into innate cognitive patterns therefore for some cases it is recommended for teachers to teach students new lessons because it will help the students intellect enhance.

6.The theory can be used by the teachers when discussing whether the syllabus subjects are suitable for the level of students or not.Studies have shown that children in the same grade perform differently on tasks measuring basic addition and subtraction fluency.

THEORIST

THEORIES

IMPLICATION TO EDUCATION

7. Maria Clay

7. Emergent Literacy Theory
 * 1) Emergent literacy is the idea that learning literacy actually begins at a very early age, long before official lessons in school. This term is used to describe the knowledge a child has of reading and writing before reaching the age where those skills are taught.


 * 1) This theory emphasizes the importance of the acquired learning of the child before formal school where parents, siblings and the environment play a big part in molding the young learner's knowledge development. This will give every teacher an understanding on how to adjust to the level of teaching to the students for it to be effective and efficient.

8. Jerome Brunner

8. Constructivist Theory

- is says that learning is a constructive process in which the learner is building an internal illustration of knowledge, a personal interpretation of experience. Learners are the makers of meaning and knowledge.

With the approach of this theory, educators could prepare the rightful instruction which will match the level of the learner. It is necessary for the teacher to be concerned with the context and experiences to make students be interested and be able to learn. Teaching method should be structured so that in can be grasped easily by the students.

9. Noam Chomsky

Theory of Universal Grammar


 * 1) is a linguistic theory that argues that the ability to learn language is innate, distinctly human and distinct from all other aspects of human cognition


 * 1) This theory conveys that everyone is born with innate knowledge of grammar. Educator will be able to check the capacity of the child as an individual and not with the other concept of acquiring the language therefore every student could be an an active learner where teacher could easily teach them.

10. Lawrence

Kohlberg

Morality can be developed either negatively or positively, depending on how an individual accomplishes the tasks before him during each stage of moral development across his lifespan
 * 1) Cognitive Theory of Moral Development - morality starts from the early childhood years and can be affected by several factors.


 * 1) The concept of this theory is for the child to develop their understanding on judging because they could classify if a certain act is considered as moral or not. Understanding morality would be a very important aspect to the child or the students especially upon dealing with their peers and collegues. Therefore the teacher should always remind the students what is right from wrong for the students to be responsible obeying the rule.

11. Carol Gilligans

11.The theory implies that men and women have different paths to moral development. It address the gender differences of individual in terms of moral issues. The theory will help us identify the moral issues between the two.

11.Theory of

Moral Development

-produces own stage theory on moral development for women. The transition is fueled by changes in self rather than changes in cognitive capability


 * 1) This theory differentiates the moral development of women from men. It will serves as an understanding for the teacher to consider how female differ from male especially in reasoning. As an educator, it is important to know that female judgments includes feeling with compassion and emphaty that's why teacher should acknowledge how they justify a certain moral.

https://psychology.iresearchnet.com/developmental-psychology/social-development/gilligans-theory-of-feminine-morality/+&cd=23&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ph

12. Elliot Turiels

12. Moral Domain Theory-
 * 1) says that the child's concepts of morality and social convention emerge out of the child's attempts to account for qualitatively differing forms of social experience associated with these two classes of social events.

- The theory will help us understand with the frameworks for moral decision therefore teachers should maintain rights by implementing rules in a classroom especially not hurting their peers or classmates. Part of this theory will guide the teacher to always being fair when applying moral decisions.

13. Sigmund Freud

13. Freud's theories allowed educators to get some input on their student's psyche. Teachers could also determine the causes of disruptive behaviors in pupils.

13. Theory of Psychosexual Development- is an idea that parents play a crucial role in managing their children's sexual and aggressive drives during the first few years of life to foster their proper development.


 * 1) This will provide as a guide to the teachers to determine the causes of one's student's disruptive behavior in order to address it as much as possible. It is best for the teacher to get feedback from the parents or guardians in order for the teacher to assist the need of the student that includes counseling and support especially about the children's sexual and aggressive drive.

14.James E. Marcia

14.Development of

Identity Theory-
 * 1) posited that the adolescent stage consists neither of identity resolution nor identity confusion, but rather the degree to which one has explored and committed to an identity in a variety of life domains from vocation, religion, relational choices, gender roles, and so on.


 * 1) With the Theory that uses the semi-structured interview approach helps educators  to know one’s sense of identity that is determined largely by the choices and commitments made regarding certain personal and social traits. Teacher should consider how much one has made certain choices, and how much he or she displays a commitment to those choices in order to guide them with their decisions.

THEORIST

THEORIES

IMPLICATION TO EDUCATION

15. Daniel Goleman

15.Teachers must be able to recognize those children whose emotional literacy needs a boost. Teachers should be ready to talk about feelings in the classroom. The message is that no emotion is “wrong,” but certain ways of expressing those emotions or acting on them are indeed inappropriate.

15. Theory of Emotional Intelligence -the ability to understand and manage the emotions of yourself and also those around you. It implies that the more that you, as a leader, are in control and manage each of 4 elements(Self Awareness,Self Management,Social Awareness,Social Skills), the higher your emotional intelligence.

- This helps everyone to identify strengths and weaknesses as a person and on how to manage emotions. Teacher will be guided to interact with the students about emotions or feelings that will boost each student's self esteem. It is also the teacher prerogative to turn negative situation into a positive one just like with the student is expressing their emotion in which no emotion is "wrong" but rather it is part of growth in learning and maturing.

16. Albert Bandura

16. Social Learning

Theory- posits that people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling. The theory has often been called a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and motivation

https://www.learning-theories.com/social-learning-theory-bandura.html+&cd=14&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ph


 * 1) This theory empasizes that teacher should always act as a role model to the student because they acquire learning through observation. It is also recommended that the teacher should provide an activity that will allow all students to interact with each other but with a proper way in order for the students to acquire learning even with their peers or collegues.

THEORIST

THEORIES

IMPLICATION TO EDUCATION

17. Silvan Tomkins

17. The theory can be used as a blueprint for teachers to optimize the mental health of the learners which requires maximization of positive effect and minimization of negative effects on learners


 * 1) Affect Theory- organizes affects (i.e., emotions, or subjectively experienced feelings) into discrete categories and connects each one with its typical response.


 * 1) With this approach, the teacher could modify learning method to achieve maximum efficiency on the mental health of the learners which should magnify the possitive effect and reduce negative effect. The educator should always focus on what makes the student improve in some areas to achieve better outcome.

18. Arthur Jensen

18.Theories of Intelligence and IQ

-uncovered a link between genetics and intelligence that demonstrates an IQ disparity between people of different races.


 * 1) The theory conveys how genetic influenced intelligence which will help the teacher identify ways to provide effective teaching style that will suit to the students for learning. This will also help the educator to understand that racial background could affect the mental aspects of a child but with appropriate teaching techniques, it would somehow help the child to learn effectively.

Erik Erikson

Benchmarks for educators to analyze the personality of their students and adapt their requests. They can also encourage their flock to be aware of their shortcomings. Erikson's psychosocial theory basically helps teachers asserts learners experience eight 'psychosocial crisis stages' which significantly affect each person's development and personality

19. Psycho-social theory of Human Development - psychoanalytic theory that identifies a series of eight stages, in which a healthy developing individual should pass through from infancy to late adulthood.


 * 1) The theory shows human development cycle and it's variation which would be very helpful to the educators since they could identify the personality of the students especially when there is an interaction in a class. With these 8 stages, the teacher could apply methods of teaching that will help every students complete further the stages and would have a more healthy personality and sense of self.

20. Charles Spearman

20. Two Factor Theories of Intelligence

- intellectual abilities are comprised of two factors, namely; the general ability known as G-factor and specific Abilities known as S-factors.


 * 1) This theory will guide every educator to apply methods of intelligence testing that could be use to analyze results in which teachers could understand the different amounts of 'G' and 'S' factors of a child in achieving success in teaching. This will help the teacher also in predicting levels of every child abilities by the levels also of their general intelligence.