User:JasmineGraves/sandbox

Article Evaluation
Article: Colored Conventions Movement

For the information that was available in this article, it was relevant to the topic. The references mostly linked to secondary historical texts or surveys of the proceedings, so I think it could benefit to incorporate more primary resources. The ones that were cited properly were reliable and appropriate, but three citations that linked to "Harper's Weekly" newspaper articles had broken links. The article heavily lacks in length and content, missing key areas that would offer a more in depth understanding of what the colored conventions were and the part they played in the larger black abolition movement. There are only two sections, history and legacy. To better cover the topic the article could include several more sections; significant players and key people, social circumstances that influenced the creation of these conventions, expand on what types of issues were discussed at these conferences, explain the legal and social battles the conventions were centered around, detail political methods that were taken by the members to achieve their goals, and state the conventions' accomplishments and failures. It also would benefit to relate it to other major historical events that were taking place throughout this time and effected these conventions, aside from just the Civil War, like the black suffrage movement or women's movement. The article does a good job at taking an impartial/unbiased stance, so that aspect of neutrality fits Wikipedia's criteria well.

Choose Possible Topics

 * 1) Colored Conventions Movement
 * 2) American Moral Reform Society
 * 3) Frances M. Beal
 * 4) Third World Women's Alliance

Finalizing My Topic
Article: Frances M. Beal

This is an existing Wiki article. To improve it, I would expand on the bibliography of her life, there is little information here. The existing article briefly mentions her career as an activist but does not go into detail about her work within various organizations and committees. I would discuss her role within these organizations and how she contributed to feminist thought and civil rights activism (and continues to). Finally, I would describe and detail her published works. Currently, they are just listed. I think her theories and scholarly work should be elaborated on in the article. Sources are not all scholarly. Some links need to be fixed and in general the references and external links sections need to be edited.

Bibliography:


 * 1) Carson, C. (1981). In struggle : SNCC and the Black awakening of the 1960s. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
 * 2) Gosse, V. (2005). Third World Women’s Alliance. The movements of the New Left, 1950-1975: A brief history with documents, 131-133. Bedford series in history and culture. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's.
 * 3) Hine, D. C., Brown, E. B., & Terborg-Penn, R. (1993). Black women in America : An historical encyclopedia. Brooklyn, NY: Carlson Pub.
 * 4) Joseph, P. E. (2006). The Black power Movement: Rethinking the civil rights-Black power era. New York, NY: Routledge.
 * 5) Lee, J. H. (2013). Feminist: Stories from women’s liberation [Historical Documentary. Distributed by Women Make Movies. ]
 * 6) Roth, B. (2004). Separate roads to feminism: Black, Chicana, and White feminist movements in America’s second wave. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.


 * Some more research
 * References, not sources
 * https://hulshofschmidt.wordpress.com/2012/03/22/womens-history-month-2012-frances-m-beal/ (Website: Social Justice for All) EXTERNAL LINK
 * http://www.thestreetspirit.org/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/ (Street Spirit Newspaper) EXTERNAL LINK
 * https://www.nytimes.com/1979/03/18/archives/to-be-black-and-female-black.html (New York Times) EXTERNAL LINK
 * Works
 * Essay "Slave of a Slave no more: black women in struggle"
 * Beal, F. (1975). Slave of A Slave No More: Black Women in Struggle. The Black Scholar, 6(6), 2-10. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41065823
 * https://www.jstor.org/stable/41065823?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
 * https://www.blackfeminisms.com/beal/ (article about her essay)
 * Put under further readings? or external links?
 * Double Jeopardy (already listed)
 * Beal, F. M. (2008). Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female. Meridians: feminism, race, transnationalism 8(2), 166-176. Indiana University Press. Retrieved April 19, 2018, from Project MUSE database. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/242234/summary

Drafting Article
Article: Frances M. Beal

Lead:

Frances M. Beal, also known as Fran Beal, (born January 13, 1940 in Binghamton, New York) is a Black feminist and a peace and justice political activist.[1 (and writer). Her focus has predominantly been regarding women’s rights, racial justice, anti-war and peace work, as well as international solidarity. Beal was a founding member of the SNCC Black Women’s Liberation Committee, which later evolved into the Third World Women’s Alliance [Spirit]. She has actively been involved in various political rights organizations as well as worked in collaboration with other activists in the collective fight for social justice. She is most widely known for her publication, “Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female (link)”, which theorizes the intersection of oppression between race, class, and gender. Beal is currently living in Oakland.

Early Life:

Beal was born in Binghamton, NY, to Charlotte Berman Yates and Ernest Yates.[2] Her mother's Russian Jewish immigrant background and father's African American and Native American ancestry, along with their experiences with antisemitism and racism, inspired her later work as an activist.[2][3]

Beal describes her upbringing as difficult, negotiating her parents' controversial political activism with the need to belong. In an interview she confesses, “I can remember as a child being embarrassed. Why does my mother have to do this?”, but that she ultimately harnessed her feelings of displacement into “trying to be the best of everything: the best reader, the best mathematician, the best in trying out for sports, the best in trying out for music” [Spirit].

After her father's death, she moved to St. Albans, an integrated neighborhood in Queens.

During her junior year, Beal went abroad to France where she married her ex-husband, James Beal, and had two children [Spirit]. Beal became aware of the fight to end the colonial domination in Algeria while studying abroad at the University of Sorbonne, which sparked her political consciousness and interest in social justice [Spirit]. (Beal & her husband) They lived in France from 1959 to 1966 as she attended the Sorbonne. After 6 years of marriage, they returned to the states and dissolved their union.

Beal now lives in Oakland.[1][9]

Organized Participation:

Beal actively worked to empower Black women through her political involvement in organizations and positions held on committees.

 In 1958 she began work in political activism with the NAACP.[3] 

Beal’s initial involvement with the Women’s Movement began during her time at the SNCC. While working in the organization, Beal and her female colleagues became increasingly concerned about female issues, specifically assault on black women’s right to birth control through forced sterilization, which motivated her to become a voice for Black women’s liberation [Spirit]. During her time there, “the shift in SNCC activities away from sustained community organizing toward Black Power propagandizing was accompanied by increasing male dominance.” [Black Women in America]. Tired of women’s inferior positions within these male-dominated organizations, she co-founded the Black Women's Liberation Committee of SNCC in 1968, which evolved into the Third World Women's Alliance. Looking back, Beal aired her grievances in the film “She’s Beautiful When She’s Angry”, stating,

''“I was in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. You’re talking about liberation and freedom half the night on the racial side, and then all of a sudden men are going to turn around and start talking about putting you in your place. So in 1968 we founded the SNCC Black Women’s Liberation Committee to take up some of these issues.”''

Beal was involved with CESA (link unexisting?), the Committee to End Sterilization Abuse. [Joseph, pg. 320]

Aside from her involvement in organizations, Beal has also maintained a career as a writer and editor.

Beal later moved to California, and she was an associate editor of The Black Scholar and wrote for the San Francisco Bay View.

Beal was an editor of TWWA's newspaper, Triple Jeopardy, and also edited The Black Woman’s Voice for the National Council of Negro Women. [SBWSA]. She was also a member of the National Anti-Racist Organizing Committee and a contributing editor to the Line of March, a Marxist-Leninist Theoretical Journal [Taylor & Francis].

Publications:

In 1975 Beal produced an essay called "Slave of A Slave No More: Black Women in Struggle" [JSTOR]. Her essay was published in The Black Scholar and appears across several issues.

''She wrote "Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female" in 1969.[4] That pamphlet was later revised and then published in The Black Woman, an anthology edited by Toni Cade Bambara in 1970. A revised version of "Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female" also appears in the 1970 anthology Sisterhood is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings From The Women's Liberation Movement, edited by Robin Morgan.[5][6]'' "The publication of 'Double Jeopardy' coincided with other essays exploring the intersections of race and gender in black women's lives and, more specifically, the political agency of African American women" [Joseph, p. 316].

Beal is featured in the feminist history film She's Beautiful When She's Angry.[7][8]

More recently, Beal was featured in the historical documentary Feminist: Stories from Women’s Liberation. [Film & Lee’s Website maybe].

Melissa Cornwell's Peer Review:
The sections are very well organized. It's fascinating to write about someone living because you can imagine what it would be like for Beal to read your article. Put yourself in her shoes. What would she think of this information and the way it is being portrayed? Would she want any noteworthy details expanded on? Your research on Double Jeopardy will fit nicely in our podcast discussion and relates well to course content. I would consider expanding the Organized Participation section with cited details about political involvement or notable contributions that the committee made. Overall you are headed in the right direction for an excellent article.

My Response:
Peer review was helpful! I enjoyed the process, it helped me get a feel for where others were at and how my peers are approaching their articles. I received good advice on how to expand on my Organized Participation section, which I'm going to incorporate into my final draft.