User:Jax MN/List of Fraternities and Sororities at the University of Minnesota

'This page has now been moved into production, at List of Fraternities and Sororities at the University of Minnesota. Further, it is now linked from the main University of Minnesota Wikipedia page, with a "hatnote" directing readers to the main article. I was surprised this section hadn't been added before... This page is modeled after similar pages for Cornell, Dartmouth, MIT, and others. I developed most of the Cornell page, which was well received and gets a great deal of traffic, before attempting this Minnesota project. Because it mentions 'benefits' of the Greeks to the University, it must also have a 'criticisms' section, per WP:NPV, and thus must include fair treatment of information I put in the "Not for Everyone" section. Please see the Talk page associated with the new List page for ongoing dialog about edits, etc. University people: I am looking for collaboration on this, and am still looking for a few citations on the value of Greek donors to the "U", and possibly some improved graphics. -

Greek Life, Professional and Honor Societies
(This is the short introductory two paragraphs used on the University of Minnesota page) The List of Fraternities and Sororities at the University of Minnesota is extensive. Past and present, the "Greek System" numbers more than 200 organizations. More than half of these remain active today, whose pioneers have had a presence on the Twin Cities campus for over 140 years. The University's Greek societies include Professional Fraternities, Honor Societies and Service Fraternities, along with the highly visible residential Academic and Social chapters. Many of these built and occupy historically significant "Fraternity Row" homes along University Ave. SE, 10th Ave. SE, 4th Street SE, and 5th Street SE, in Minneapolis, or along Cleveland Ave. in St. Paul.

A perennial hub of student activity at Minnesota, these organizations contribute to a collegiate experience that members rank more positively than the average student. Greek System participants are more likely to graduate than the average student, will graduate with a higher GPA, and Greek alumni contribute monetarily at a level that far exceeds their percentage of population. Gallup polling helps explain this marked differential, advising that "fraternity and sorority members (37%) strongly agree that their institution prepared them for life after college [as compared to] all other college graduates (27%)." As of June, 2014, Approximately 2,500 system members made up about 6% of the campus population. Minnesota hosts 38 academic fraternities, 20 academic sororities, 56 honors societies, 31 professional societies, and 2 service-focused chapters.

Greek Life, Professional and Honor Societies
The List of Fraternities and Sororities at the University of Minnesota is extensive. Counting past and present, more than half of its 200 organizations remain active today, the pioneers of which have had a presence on the University of Minnesota campus for over 140 years. The University's "Greek System" includes Professional Fraternities, Honor Societies, Service Fraternities, and Religious Fraternities along with the highly visible residential undergrad Academic and Social chapters.

Segmented by category, a comprehensive list of chapters follows this brief overview of what these societies are, and how they evolved.

The terms "Fraternity" and "Sorority" are used somewhat interchangeably, with men's and co-ed groups always using Fraternity, and women's groups using either Fraternity or Sorority. For convenience, the term "Greek Letter Society" is a generic substitute. The word, "Greek," in this case refers to the use of Greek Letters for each society's name, and not to Greek ethnicity.

Historical Sketch
The University of Minnesota Greek system is over 140 years old, having grown steadily with the rapid growth of the University. Its first men's fraternity, Chi Psi, dates to 1874, and its first women's fraternity, Kappa Kappa Gamma, dates to 1880, long before the term 'sorority' was popularized as a term for the women's 'houses'.

Yet these pioneers did not themselves mark the beginnings of fraternal presence at the school. Many of Minnesota's early University Presidents and department heads were fraternity men or women from 'back East,' having experienced undergraduate life in the flourishing literary societies and old line fraternities that in turn were born out of America's earliest institutions of higher learning. These include William Watts Folwell, the University's first president, who was a member of Alpha Delta Phi at Hobart College, Cyrus Northrop, who was an Alpha Sigma Phi at Yale, Ada Comstock, Dean of Women, and a member of Delta Gamma here at Minnesota, president George Vincent who was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon at Yale, and president James Morrill who was also an Alpha Sigma Phi, at Ohio State.

Still, because Minnesota's is one of the oldest fraternity systems in the nation, many of the University's Greek chapters are consequently among the oldest of their respective organizations, and often have single-letter or first-series chapter names or designations. Similarly, the age, prestige, size and breadth of the University of Minnesota have resulted it its hosting many of the nation's honor and professional fraternities for most disciplines. As early as 1925, the Minnesota Gopher yearbook reported the presence of 25 national academic fraternities, 18 national academic sororities, and 33 national professional chapters on campus. Most of these, undergrad or professional, are (or were) residential.

Almost 90 years later, as of 2013, Minnesota hosts 38 academic fraternities, 20 academic sororities, 56 honors societies, 31 professional societies, and 2 service-focused chapters.

Impact on Campus, and Population
Since inception, these organizations have delivered an outsized influence and benefit to the campus: A first indicator of this impact is the fact of hundreds of pages devoted to the myriad of Greek Letter organizations in each issue of the Minnesota Gopher Yearbook during its century-long publication run. These organizations have served as a primary hub of the student experience at the University for their entire existence, for active members, regular guests and alumni.

The high water mark for Greek Life participation by percentage, indicated by review of senior photos and club membership, was in 1910 through 1920, when approximately 1/4 of undergraduates participated in one or more of the academic or professional societies. The peak number of residential chapters came at approximately 75 in 1930. While membership continued to expand into the 1930s, the membership percentage decreased as the Minnesota campus grew less residential. Interest in Greek chapter membership was not as strong among commuters. Membership percentage of the overall undergraduate population reaching a low point of 3% in the late 1960s. Later, a numeric peak came during the early 1980s: In 1981 the Office of Fraternity and Sorority Life reports 3,100 net members, while 3,964 are noted in 1984. In another downturn, participation hit a marked numeric low point in about 2005, recovering to 1,795 active members in 2011 and continuing upward through to today. In mid-2014 participation has continued to trend higher, with approximately 2,500 net members reported in June 2014, which reflects about 6% of the undergraduate population and about 12% of 2013-14's incoming freshmen.

Building Fraternity Row
Minnesota's fraternities and sororities built up their housing prospects in three distinct phases, according to the 2003 Minneapolis Historical Commission Study. Before 1900, most early chapters served their membership with rented private homes. Between 1900 and 1917, rentals gave way to properties built for the chapters, resulting in several iconic examples of Beaux Arts, Georgian and Classical styles. Finally, between 1921 and 1936, Minnesota's fraternity chapters engaged in that same popular building spree which was sweeping across other early private and land grant colleges and universities from New York to California. The result of this last phase was the often stately homes occupied by many Greek chapters today, upgrades from boarding house-style clapboard and stucco homes, to the many Fraternity Row mansions that are visible at Minnesota along University Avenue SE, on 4th and 5th Street SE, and the 10th Avenue "Sorority Row," all in Minneapolis. Similarly, the St. Paul campus is home to several stately chapter buildings, or chapterhouses, along Cleveland Avenue. It is a testament to the alumni of many of these chapters that their buildings survived, as so many were financed by the 1920's financial bubble, having endured weak membership eras during the Great Depression and then the twin turmoils of WWII and 1960s anti-establishment unrest. Past university yearbooks, now digitally available, often picture these buildings, some with addresses and photos or professionally crafted etchings. A final wave of chapter building, usually in the Modernist style, occurred during the period 1950 to 1973.

Greek societies also provide a visible link with the past. Residential Greek chapters have been cited as architectural gems, "projecting a positive image through architecture, and setting an architectural standard for more than a century." Important examples of period architecture include Tudor with half-timber, Georgian and Federal variants of the American Colonial style, Vienna secessionist, English Gothic, Elizabethan or Georgian, and more recently, International Modernist styles. While many of these buildings are significant, enough to warrant the City of Minneapolis declaring the area a Greek Letter Chapter House Historical District in 2003, a few examples should be noted:


 * Phi Gamma Delta (ΦΓΔ) was one of the earliest built Row mansions, exhibiting the Vienna secessionist style, an offshoot of the Arts and Crafts movement.
 * Gamma Eta Gamma (ΓΗΓ) law fraternity is a smaller example of Richardsonian Revival, perhaps with Queen Anne elements.
 * Theta Tau (ΘΤ), an engineering fraternity, is an example of the International Modernist style.
 * Chi Psi (ΧΨ) is an exceptional variant of an English Tudor country house, "built to convey masculine dignity and prestige."
 * Phi Sigma Kappa (ΦΣΚ) is an Elizabethan-revival "romantic-era masterpiece."
 * Sigma Phi Epsilon (ΣΦΕ), built by B.O. Cutter and restored by the fraternity, this "gingerbread" home is a showcase of the Carpenter Gothic revival style.
 * Phi Kappa Psi (ΦΚΨ) combines elements of Georgian and Greek revival styles.
 * Acacia's former home, while built as the Henry Frey house, is a fine small-footprint example of the Richardsonian Romanesque style, now being professionally restored.
 * Kappa Kappa Gamma (ΚΚΓ) offers a "dramatic and striking" mix of the English Tudor style, influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement popular at the time of its construction."

These and many other Minnesota chapterhouses exhibit exceptional elements of their architectural styles. The owners, often the same entities that built these homes, have maintained them in spite of age, sometimes hard use and the financial strain of student organizations that can ebb and flow in popularity. Addresses may be found in the footnotes for these chapters, where they are listed below. Most style descriptions courtesy of the referenced Architecture Minnesota article.

Constrained somewhat by busy University Avenue and 4th Street, expansion of Greek housing has been discussed at several points. The Zellie study, cited among the references, notes that there had been planned a "Fraternity Court" in the early 1920s. This stately road was to have been on the site where Williams Arena was later built, to host a number of new buildings between 19th Avenue and Oak Street. This plan conflicted with the University's own development plan for the basketball arena though, and the Fraternity Court was not built, with the exception of the ΑΧΡ house, that eventually became ΧΦ, and today, is ΚΣ. In the 1960s, an early phase plan for a fraternity housing area on the river flats below the Washington Avenue Bridge was discussed. This plan did not materialize beyond the discussion stage. More recently, Community Student Housing Inc. (CHSI), a consortium of several fraternities, has discussed building shared dormitory space and new house fronts between University and 4th Street.

Some chapter buildings have, of course, been lost to development. Late 1950s construction of highway 35W resulted in condemnation of many fraternity homes bordering what was 9th Avenue SE, many of which were sorority or professional fraternities. In Stadium Village, several stately houses along Washington Avenue SE were lost to commercial development. More recently, restrictive zoning has both helped and harmed chapters, where economics of scale no longer allow viability without remodeling or expansion. Some chapters celebrate their buildings' local historic zone status, while others see this as a burden.

The identified need to improve and expand Greek chapter housing is a priority for the University. As identified in a 2012 University task force report, one of the biggest challenges faced by the present Greek System is the occasionally degraded state of chapter buildings. Owned privately by not-for-profit alumni associations, some of these show signs of deferred maintenance. Several recent remodeling and renovation programs have allowed significant improvement to some chapters, including recent full renovations by Chi Psi and Alpha Gamma Rho. Lack of housing for growing groups is also a problem, only partially remedied by the opening of the new (2013) 17th Avenue Freshman Dorm. This project has allowed two ground level rental suites along University Avenue for chapters new to campus, intended to serve as a long-term incubator.

For a more extensive review of Greek Row buildings, past and present, see the University of Minnesota Greek Letter Chapter House Designation Study, as prepared for the Minneapolis Heritage Preservation Commission in 2003.

Greek Chapter Oversight
Individual chapters are managed by elected officers. Incorporated alumni groups own the residential chapter buildings where they exist, serving in the role of property manager. Additional local alumni oversight varies by chapter. National organizations provide organizational and operational guidance, extending to disciplinary action where warranted. In partnership with national organizations, University oversight of the Academic and Social chapters is managed on a day to day basis by the Office for Fraternity and Sorority Life, a unit of the Office for Student Affairs.

Professional and Honor societies are coordinated at a lower level of administrative involvement by the various academic departments within the University and its several colleges, and of these, some operate merely cooperatively, with no involvement from the University at all.

Since gaining its first chapter in 1874, Minnesota administrators have maintained an open, if not always supportive relationship with its chapters. An impulse to exert administrative management on these highly visible registered student organizations has at times been offset by interest in limiting liability exposure where it could be claimed that the administration was responsible but did not do enough to prevent an unsafe or illegal occurrence. Minnesota's Greek System has, on balance, avoided the frequency of harmful events, as have occurred at other large schools; this primarily as the result of self-policing. The original, more active relationship between the Greeks and the Administration had been marginalized somewhat after the turbulent late 1960s and during the lassaiz-faire commuter-student years of 1970-1990. This coincided with national scrutiny and bad publicity over hazing events elsewhere in the US. With the return to a more residential campus, both the Minnesota Greek System and its relationship with the University, are thriving: An estimated 2,500 Greeks on campus participate in 58 separate undergraduate Academic and Social chapters. In addition, Professional and honor societies, many accepting undergraduates, number more than 80. Because of this and other factors, the University is again improving its relationship with the Greek Community: "'In March 2012, President Kaler announced the formation of a Greek Community Strategic Task Force (GCSTF) and issued a Charge to the GCSTF Steering Committee which emphasized the need to develop a “sustainable and robust relationship between the University and the Greek community.” "

Not For Everyone
Over the decades, Minnesota's Greek system, like others nationwide, has had its detractors. Most notably in the late 1960s, anti-establishment agitation resulted in decreased interest and participation. This negative environment abated with the end of the Vietnam War. While membership again surged beginning in the late 1970s, and while hitting numeric highs, Greeks at Minnesota never achieved the pre-Vietnam era participation level as a percentage of the campus. For some, Greeks were "too exclusive." Commuting students may have had little occasion to socialize with them on the largely non-residential campus. Some students chafed at overt culture differences where Prep-era Greek men would wear blazers and ties to Monday meetings. Occasional surveys of detractors would declare a perception that membership was akin to buying friends. For others, it was simply a monitory concern, with a reluctance to include fraternity or sorority dues into a tight college budget. The hugely popular movie, "Animal House" also branded for a generation the image of a lethargic, disruptive and academically inferior "frat boy" on the national consciousness.

Nationally-reported hazing incidents on other campuses, and highly-publicized reports of underage drinking and sexual assaults, while not limited to the Greek system, nevertheless have resulted in a segment of students that are decidedly anti-Greek or reluctant to participate in its activities.

Fixing Problems
Greek organizations both nationally and locally sponsor many risk avoidance programs for the real benefits of student safety and well-being, as well as to avoid harmful bad publicity. Hence, these organizations have learned to address criticism quickly: Chapters and national bodies have adopted extensive changes to reduce incidents of hazing and other harmful behaviors. The recent announcement by Sigma Alpha Epsilon to ban "pledging" nationwide is only the latest of such announcements, of revised prospective member programs now adopted by many fraternities. While not limited to fraternities and sororities, harmful activities like underage drinking, and hazing are often headlined as local news stories, with fraternity chapters as the most visible examples. In this area too, active and alumni Greek leaders have responded to such negative publicity and the resulting criticism with programs that seek to reduce alcohol abuse and eliminate underage drinking, with risk management training, by self-policing their own chapters, and with more stringent procedures to discipline offenders. Some chapter have even banned alcohol in their living facilities. National fraternities, through the NIC and sororities through their national and local governing boards require member training each year to combat hazing, underage drinking, sexual assault and other harmful behaviors. Hence, individual chapters are not alone in addressing these problems. Inter-chapter governing boards at Minnesota (listed below by chapter groupings) provide event monitoring services and local risk management training, culminating in the introduction in 2012 of Arkeo, which serves as an inter-Greek cooperative monitoring program to help chapters avoid risk.

One avenue of criticism that has gone silent is the mis-perception that Greek students' grades suffer. Rather, the contrary is true. Fraternity Men's grades nationally were cited in a 1986 study by the Center for the Study of the College Fraternity as trending above the men's average, with the women's groups trending even higher in comparison to their baseline. This trend has continued: A survey of both mens' and women's grades over the past three years at Minnesota confirms the same result - Greeks perform academically better than their peer averages.

Keenly aware of the potential for bad press and liability, University administrators have used a variety of techniques to moderate negative behaviors. The Administration's more recent tighter relationship with the Greeks provides leverage to the small Office of Fraternity and Sorority Life, which sponsors a variety of programming designed to raise awareness and teach essential skills. Undergraduate members, alumni advisors, national fraternities and University administration regularly collaborate on the shared goal of reducing risks. Self-policing by peer moderators and the incorporation of live-in adult mentors have been important tools in addressing this goal.

Response to Perceptions
As to the financial cost of participation, fraternity leaders note that the vast majority of Greek students work their way through school. In fact, the Office of Fraternity and Sorority Life claims that the average cost burden for fraternity chapter membership adds 3% to a student budget. Services will vary, and some fraternities or sororities may be more expensive than others, as determined by the students themselves. Services offered will vary by chapter. Finally, additional scholarship funding is often available, sometimes covering far more than the cost of membership.

Addressing the claim of exclusivity in recruitment materials, Greek leaders will accept that label as another way of saying they promote high standards. All fraternities are by definition self-selective. But, they clarify, so are all friendships. Further, they state, "U" students all have passed a bar of exclusivity by getting into the increasingly selective University itself. With an array of student groups numbering in the thousands, and a multitude of Greek chapter personalities, fraternity and sorority proponents are confident that all students who wish to join a Greek society can find one where they can flourish. The matter of religious and race exclusivity appears to have passed several generations ago: While some chapters are historically black, Hispanic, or Asian-oriented, there is no race exclusivity or other discrimination exclusivity in any of Minnesota's chapters. All are integrated, and have been for some time. Minnesota was the second Big Ten school (after Wisconsin) to see its fraternities and sororities drop all bias clauses (race, color or creed) from their bylaws and policies. Older chapters have been integrated since the 1950s and 1960s and the multi-cultural Greek chapters since their founding in more recent years.

Benefits to Student and Campus
Greek society participation is strongly correlated with a more positive student experience. According to several studies since the 1990s, former Greeks have reported a substantially higher positive experience compared with the average student. Greeks at Minnesota graduate in less time and are more likely to graduate than the average student, and with a higher grade point average than the baseline. Recent national polling by Gallup confirms this, and offers a clear picture of the value Greek proponents claim from their experience: ''"...43% of fraternity and sorority members [nationally] who are employed full time for an employer are engaged in the workplace, compared to 38% of all other college graduates." [Gallup] also found that "fraternity and sorority members are more likely than all other college graduates to be thriving in each of the five elements of well-being [identified by the survey: (purpose, social, financial, community, and physical)]. More fraternity and sorority members (37%) strongly agree that their institution prepared them for life after college than all other college graduates (27%)."'' Importantly at Minnesota, and following the national trend, Greeks have achieved higher average GPAs than the average student for several decades, for example, as noted in both Fall 2012 and Spring 2013, according to the Office for Fraternity and Sorority Life annual report.

This positive experience has resulted in more generous alumni. To this day, Greek alumni continue to contribute monetarily on a scale that dwarfs non-members: In the 1980s run-up to funding the Carlson School of Business, former Greek Curt Carlson discovered that he and fellow Greeks were responsible for what he estimated to be 67% of all donations received by the UM Foundation - this from a community whose undergraduate population had at the time been 3% of the school's population. More recently, the Greek-affiliated "Community Student Housing" consortium reported to the Board of Regents in May 2011, the Greeks are ...an alumni constituency that has contributed more than $100,000,000 to the University over the last decade. CSHI was incorporated by several chapters to improve Greek Housing. While CSHI's proposed Greek Village development for the 1700 block of University Avenue was not adopted in 2011, in March, 2012, University President Kaler followed up on his promise at that time with formation of a Greek Community Strategic Task Force (GCSTF), with the Charge to the group that "emphasized the need to develop a sustainable and robust relationship between the University and the Greek community.” He stated, "[The Greeks] get better grades, graduate sooner, and give more money to the University." Under his direction, the UM Foundation has been collecting data on Greek participation for all students, a data point that had been only sporadically kept prior to 2012.

Academic and Social Fraternities and Sororities
For brevity, the sections below make extensive use of Greek letters, one of the first items in a new member's instruction program. Most fraternities use two or three Greek letters to signify their symbolic or secret names; a few use non Greek words. The main listing for each fraternity or sorority shows their full name at least once, with references and Wikilinks as available.

Fraternities Constituting the Interfraternity Council (IFC)
Listed with dates of local founding and national conference membership, these are men's organizations, voluntarily coordinating their efforts within the campus IFC. While most IFC chapters are based in Minneapolis, several call St. Paul their home. After a period of level membership, for various reasons, fraternity membership is increasing rapidly. Average chapter size is 50, and several chapters exceed 100 men.

Fraternity buildings are generally owned by chapter alumni organizations. Some chapters are non-residential, while a few rent or lease space.

As part of IFC or national organization self-governance, or University disciplinary action, chapters may be suspended ("de-recognized") or closed for a time. When a chapter is closed and/or forfeits its housing, it will be listed as a dormant chapter. See the Office for Fraternity and Sorority Life (OFSL) for current recognized IFC members. (NIC) indicates members of the North-American Interfraternity Conference. (PFA) indicates members of the Professional Fraternity Association.

Active Academic and Social Fraternity Chapters at Minnesota


 * ΧΨ Chi Psi, 1874 (NIC)
 * ΦΔΘ Phi Delta Theta, 1881-1994, 2010
 * ΔΤΔ Delta Tau Delta, 1883 (NIC)
 * ΦΚΨ Phi Kappa Psi, 1888 (NIC)
 * ΣΧ Sigma Chi, 1888 (NIC)
 * ΒΘΠ Beta Theta Pi, 1889 (NIC)
 * ΔΚΕ Delta Kappa Epsilon, 1889 (NIC)
 * ΔΥ Delta Upsilon, 1890-1986, 1991 (NIC)
 * ΦΓΔ Phi Gamma Delta, 1890 (NIC)
 * ΑΔΦ Alpha Delta Phi, 1892-1996, 2000 (NIC)


 * ΔΧ Delta Chi, 1892-1943, 1945 (NIC)
 * ΚΣ Kappa Sigma, 1901
 * ΑΤΩ Alpha Tau Omega, 1902 (NIC)
 * ΣΑΕ Sigma Alpha Epsilon, 1902 (NIC)
 * ΣΝ Sigma Nu, 1904 (NIC)
 * ΦΣΚ Phi Sigma Kappa, 1910 (NIC)
 * ΑΦΑ Alpha Phi Alpha, 1912 (NPHC, NIC)
 * ΦΚΣ Phi Kappa Sigma, 1915-1943, 2013 (NIC)
 * ΣΑΜ Sigma Alpha Mu, 1915 (NIC)
 * ΑΣΦ Alpha Sigma Phi Colony, 1916-1935, 2013 (NIC)


 * ΣΦΕ Sigma Phi Epsilon, 1916-1941, 1949-1958, 1978 (NIC)
 * ΑΓΡ Alpha Gamma Rho, 1917 (NIC & PFA)
 * ΤΚΕ Tau Kappa Epsilon, 1917-1939, 1949-1963, 1979-1987, 2014 (NIC)
 * ΠΚΑ Pi Kappa Alpha, 1922-1936, 1986-19xx, 2006 (NIC)
 * Triangle, 1922 (NIC)
 * ΘΧ Theta Chi, 1924-1999, 2013 (NIC)
 * FarmHouse, 1931 (NIC)
 * ΑΕΠ Alpha Epsilon Pi, 1949-1973, 2004 (NIC)
 * ΣΠ Sigma Pi, 2008 (NIC)

Chapters Whose Names Changed


 * Thulanian, 1889-1924 (local), became ΘΧ
 * Varsity Club, 1893-1897 (local), became ΚΦΥ (see ΖΨ)
 * ΚΦΥ - Kappa Phi Upsilon, 1897-1899 (local), became ΖΨ
 * FLX Club, 1906-1910 (local), became ΦΣΚ
 * ΦΕΠ - Phi Epsilon Pi, 1901-1970, (see ΖΒΤ)
 * ΧΔΞ - Chi Delta Xi, 1911-1928 (local), became ΧΦ
 * Omar Club, 1915?-1916 (local), became ΑΣΦ
 * Sphinx, 1922-1925 (local), became ΛΧΑ
 * ΘΚΝ - Theta Kappa Nu, 1923-1933, dormant. (See ΛΧΑ)
 * ΦΒΔ - Phi Beta Delta, 1925-1931, dormant, (see ΠΛΦ)
 * ΦΚ - Phi Kappa, 1947-1959, became ΦΚΘ

Dormant Fraternity Chapters
 * ΨΥ - Psi Upsilon, 1891-1993 (NIC), dormant
 * ΘΔΧ - Theta Delta Chi, 1892-1984 (NIC), dormant
 * ΖΨ - Zeta Psi, 1899-1982, 1987-2007 (NIC), dormant


 * Acacia, 1906-1993 (NIC), dormant
 * ΞΨΘ - Xi Psi Theta, 1914-1924+ (local), dormant
 * ΘΞ - Theta Xi, 1920-1964 (NIC), dormant
 * ΒΣΕ - Beta Sigma Epsilon, 1924-1930 (local), Jewish, dormant
 * ΧΣΦ - Chi Sigma Phi, 1924-1930 (local), dormant
 * ΛΧΑ - Lambda Chi Alpha, 1925-1938, 1947-1959 (NIC), dormant
 * ΠΛΦ - Pi Lambda Phi, 1925-1931 (NIC), dormant
 * ΤΔΦ - Tau Delta Phi, 1928-1952 (NIC), dormant
 * ΧΦ - Chi Phi, 1928-1994 (NIC), dormant
 * ΦΚΘ - Phi Kappa Theta, 1947-1961 (NIC), dormant
 * ΖΒΤ - Zeta Beta Tau, 1949-1953, 1901-1970 as ΦΕΠ (NIC), dormant
 * ΒΣΨ - Beta Sigma Psi, 1963-1983 (NIC), Lutheran Church, dormant
 * ΔΣΦ - Delta Sigma Phi, 1967-1971, 1985-1986 (colonies only?) (NIC), dormant
 * ΩΝΑ - Omega Nu Alpha, 2000-2013 (local), dormant



Sororities Constituting the Panhellenic Council (PHC)
Listed with dates of local founding and national conference membership, these are women's organizations, voluntarily coordinating their efforts within the PHC. For convenience, the term "sorority" is used throughout, though some of these organizations are "women's Fraternities," and were so named prior to the popularization of the term, sorority. The terms are synonymous, After a period of level membership representing about 3% of campus women, for various reasons, sorority membership is increasing rapidly. Chapter size in almost all cases now exceeds 120 women.

Interest and recruitment is strong enough that, in 2013, the University of Minnesota was opened to PHC expansion for the first time in 30 years, and the resulting two colonization efforts (welcoming Chi Omega and Phi Mu) are now underway.

Sorority properties are generally owned by a chapter's alumni club, though some chapters do not have housing, and others rent or lease space. As part of PHC or national organization self-governance, or University disciplinary action, chapters may be suspended ("de-recognized") or closed for a time. If a chapter is closed and/or forfeits its housing, it will be listed as a dormant chapter. See the Office for Fraternity and Sorority Life (OFSL) for current PHA members and for expansion support. (NPC) indicates members of the National Panhellenic Conference.

Active Academic and Social Sorority Chapters


 * ΚΚΓ Kappa Kappa Gamma, 1880 (NPC)
 * ΔΓ Delta Gamma, 1882 (NPC)
 * ΚΑΘ Kappa Alpha Theta, 1889 (NPC)
 * ΑΦ Alpha Phi, 1890 (NPC)
 * ΠΒΦ Pi Beta Phi, 1890 (NPC)
 * ΓΦΒ Gamma Phi Beta, 1902 (NPC)
 * ΑΓΔ Alpha Gamma Delta, 1908 (NPC)
 * ΑΟΠ Alpha Omicron Pi, 1912 (NPC)


 * ΑΧΩ Alpha Chi Omega, 1921 (NPC)
 * ΧΩ Chi Omega, 1921-1989, 2013 (NPC)
 * ΦΜ - Phi Mu, 1925-1935, 1946-1970 (NPC), colonizing in 2015


 * ΑΕΦ Alpha Epsilon Phi, 1938-1978, 2009 (NPC)
 * Clovia (Beta of Clovia), 1939 4-H origin
 * ΛΔΦ Lambda Delta Phi, 1961 regional
 * ΑΣΚ Alpha Sigma Kappa, 1989, technical studies
 * ΦΒΧ Phi Beta Chi, 2011, Christian values

Chapters Whose Name Changed


 * Achoth, 1917-1922, Masonic-sponsored sorority, became ΦΩΠ (see ΔΖ)
 * ΑΡ - Alpha Rho, 1920-1924 (local), became ΖΤΑ
 * ΦΩΠ - Phi Omega Pi 1922-1942, became ΔΖ
 * ΒΦΑ - Beta Phi Alpha, 1923-1940, dormant, (see ΔΖ)
 * ΖΑ - Zeta Alpha, 1923-1927 (local), became ΒΦΑ (see ΔΖ)
 * ΦΔΣ - Phi Delta Sigma, 1927-1930 (local), became chapter of ΑΔΘ (see ΦΜ)
 * ΑΔΘ - Alpha Delta Theta, 1931-1934, became ΦΜ 

Dormant Sorority Chapters
 * ΔΔΔ - Delta Delta Delta, 1894-2004 (NPC), dormant
 * ΑΞΔ - Alpha Xi Delta, 1907-1960, 1983-1987 (NPC), dormant
 * ΚΔ - Kappa Delta, 1918-1972 (NPC), dormant
 * ΣΚ - Sigma Kappa, 1921-1961 (NPC), dormant
 * ΑΔΠ - Alpha Delta Pi, 1923-1987 (NPC), dormant
 * ΔΖ - Delta Zeta, 1923-1965 (NPC), dormant
 * ΖΤΑ - Zeta Tau Alpha, 1924-1959 (NPC), dormant
 * ΓΟΒ - Gamma Omicron Beta, 1928-1989 (regional), St. Paul sorority, dormant
 * ΔΦΕ - Delta Phi Epsilon, 1929-1932 (NPC), dormant
 * ΣΔΤ - Sigma Delta Tau, 1929-1994 (NPC), dormant

Multicultural (MGC) and National Pan-Hellenic Councils (NPHC)
Originally ethnic or language-affiliated, these organizations are now fully integrated - as are Minnesota's general Greek letter organizations. Their historical affiliation may be reviewed by reading their local or national histories. Some of the men's groups also participate in IFC events, and the women's groups in PHC events.

MGC and NPHC chapters are non-residential.

Listed with dates of local founding and national conference membership, these are either men's or women's organizations, voluntarily coordinating their efforts within the larger Multicultural Greek Council (MGC) and for some, in the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC). See the Office for Fraternity and Sorority Life (OFSL) for current MGC and NPHC chapters. (NALFO) indicates members of the National Association of Latino Fraternal Organizations; (NAPA) indicates members of the National APIA Panhellenic Association; (NPHC) indicates members of the National Pan-Hellenic Council. The inter-Greek councils often cooperate on programs and policies, as do individual chapters from among the several Greek councils.



Honor, Professional, Service and Recognition Societies
These organizations have a similarly long pedigree on the Minnesota campus. Historically, they are grouped with the undergraduate social fraternities because of their use of chapter and national organizational hierarchy, and their use of Greek Letters. Most are organized toward juniors and seniors, or graduate students. Social/academic fraternity or sorority membership is not a requirement for these groups. Individuals who meet the criteria may join or be asked to join, as may non-Greek students. Multiple affiliations may be allowable - see individual societies for details. Activity varies; some of the professional and service groups are residential, while the honors societies may meet only quarterly or annually, if at all. The cut-off line where any campus organization falls within these headings or without is long-established convention; those formed prior to 1990 are listed under the subheadings used by various volumes of the Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities, which for more than a century has been the data source of record for such organizations. Newer groups have been placed in categories similar to Baird's. The latest version of Baird's, 1991, was published before the national development of some of the societies here, and therefore, position and inclusion is, in some cases, assumptive.



Honor and Recognition Societies
Honor societies recognize students who excel academically or as leaders among their peers, usually within a specific academic discipline. Because of the age, size and a leading reputation of the University, Minnesota hosts a very large set of these prestigious organizations. Members commonly include the society on their résumé/CV, which may serve to bolster grad school acceptance, publishing merit, and professional opportunities.

Listed by date of local founding with national conference membership, these are co-ed, non-residential, achievement-based organizations which self-select members based on published criteria.

At graduation, or at times of formal academic processionals, graduates, administrators, PhD holders and post-doctoral fellows wear academic robes in the colors of their degree, school and other distinction, according to a voluntary Intercollegiate Code that governs such regalia. In addition, various colored devices such as stoles, scarfs, cords, tassels, and medallions are used to indicate membership in a student's honor society;. cords and mortarboard tassels are most common. Phi Beta Kappa, the first honor society, locally founded at Minnesota in 1892, has used Pink and  Sky blue since its national founding in 1776. Hence, students tapped for ΦΒΚ may wear tassels or other society-approved items, in these colors. Like most schools, the University of Minnesota allows such regalia for honor society members. Stoles are less common, but they are used by a few honor societies. In academic circles, colors are well-known, and follow long-standing protocols. The ACHS website lists the colors for their 68 member organizations, and the Honor society WP page lists others.

Many honor societies invite students to become members based on scholastic rank (the top x% of a class) and/or grade point, either overall, or for classes taken within the discipline for which the honor society provides recognition. In cases where academic achievement would not be an appropriate criterion for membership, other standards are required for membership (such as completion of a particular ceremony or training program). These societies recognize past achievement. Pledging is not required, and new candidates may be immediately inducted into membership after meeting predetermined academic criteria and paying a one-time membership fee. Some require graduate enrollment. Because of their purpose of recognition, most honor societies will have much higher academic achievement requirements for membership than professional societies. It is also common for a scholastic honor society to add a criterion relating to the character of the student. Some honor societies are invitation only while others allow unsolicited applications. Finally, membership in an honor society might be considered exclusive, i.e., a member of such an organization cannot join other honor societies representing the same field. Governance requires a faculty sponsor and each society remains faculty-guided, usually with alumni input. (ACHS) indicates members of the Association of College Honor Societies.

Active Honor and Recognition Societies


 * ΦΔΦ Phi Delta Phi, 1891, legal honors
 * ΦΒΚ Phi Beta Kappa, 1892, academic honors
 * ΣΞ Sigma Xi, 1896, graduate science & engineering honors
 * Mortar Board, 1903-1919 as local, 1919 (ACHS), scholarship, leadership and public service honors
 * Iron Wedge, 1911-197x, 1985 (local), Greek interfraternalism, merit and leadership, Seniors, now secret
 * ΔΣΡ-ΤΚΑ Delta Sigma Rho - Tau Kappa Alpha, 1906, forensics honor, dormant?
 * ΑΩΑ Alpha Omega Alpha, 1908, graduate medical honors
 * ΦΥΟ Phi Upsilon Omicron, 1909 (ACHS), family and consumer sciences honors
 * ΤΒΠ Tau Beta Pi, 1910 (ACHS), engineering honors
 * ΦΛΥ Phi Lambda Upsilon, 1910 (ACHS), chemistry honors
 * Order of the Coif, 1915, law school graduates honors
 * ΓΣΔ Gamma Sigma Delta, 1917, agriculture honors
 * ΤΣΔ Tau Sigma Delta, 1917 (ACHS), architecture and allied arts honors
 * ΠΛΘ Pi Lambda Theta, 1917 (ACHS), women's education honors
 * ΔΦΔ Delta Phi Delta, 1919, art honors
 * ΗΚΝ Eta Kappa Nu, 1920, IEEE affiliation, electrical engineering, computer engineering honors.
 * ΞΣΠ Xi Sigma Pi, 1920, forestry honors
 * ΒΓΣ Beta Gamma Sigma, 1921 (ACHS), business academic honors
 * ΠΤΣ Pi Tau Sigma, 1922 (ACHS), mechanical engineering honors
 * Block and Bridle, 1923, animal livestock honors


 * ΧΕ Chi Epsilon, 1923 (ACHS), civil engineering honors
 * ΙΣΠ Iota Sigma Pi, 1923, women's, chemistry and related sciences honors
 * ΚΟΝ Kappa Omicron Nu, 1923-1959+, dormant? (ACHS), humanities honors
 * ΠΤΠΣ Pi Tau Pi Sigma, 1925(earlier?) military, signal corps honors, dormant''
 * Phalanx, 1925 (earlier?)-1950+ (local?), military, cadets honors, dormant''
 * Plumb Bob, 1926 (local), technical studies honors
 * ΡΧ Rho Chi, 1930 (ACHS), pharmacy honors
 * ΣΕΣ Sigma Epsilon Sigma, 1930, freshman women, scholarship honors
 * ΒΑΨ Beta Alpha Psi, 1931, accounting, finance and information systems honors
 * ΣΘΤ Sigma Theta Tau, 1934 (ACHS), nursing honors
 * ΩΧΕ Omega Chi Epsilon, 1934-1938, 20xx (ACHS), chemical engineering honors
 * ΨΧ Psi Chi, 1936 (ACHS), psychology honors
 * ΦΑΘ Phi Alpha Theta, 1937 (ACHS), history honors
 * ΚΤΑ Kappa Tau Alpha, 1948 (ACHS), journalism, mass communication honors
 * ΠΔΦ Pi Delta Phi, 1950 (ACHS), French honors
 * ΤΒΣ Tau Beta Sigma, 1952 (NIMC), co-ed band honors
 * ΦΖ Phi Zeta, 1952, graduate veterinary medicine honors
 * ΣΓΤ Sigma Gamma Tau, 1953 (ACHS), aerospace honors
 * ΑΚΔ Alpha Kappa Delta, 1956 (ACHS), sociology honors
 * ΠΚΛ Pi Kappa Lambda, 1958 (ACHS), music honors


 * ΣΦΑ Sigma Phi Alpha, 1958, dental hygiene honors
 * Evans Scholars, 1958, (residential) golf caddies honors
 * ΑΕ Alpha Epsilon, 1960 (ACHS), agricultural, food, and biological engineering honors
 * ΡΛ Rho Lambda, 1974, women's Greek leadership honors
 * ΦΚΦ Phi Kappa Phi, 1974, honors, all disciplines
 * ΟΔΕ Omicron Delta Epsilon, 1977 (ACHS), economics honors
 * Order of Omega, 1979, Greek society leadership honors
 * ΣΠΣ Sigma Pi Sigma, 1979 (ACHS), physics honors
 * ΣΛΑ Sigma Lambda Alpha, 1979 (ACHS), landscape architecture honors
 * Golden Key, 1982, high achievement in academics, leadership & service
 * ΑΕΔ Alpha Epsilon Delta, 1993 (ACHS), pre-med honors
 * ΚΚΨ Kappa Kappa Psi, 1994 (NIMC), band and performance honors
 * AAS Arnold Air Society, 19xx, Air Force cadet honors
 * Silver Wings Silver Wings, 19xx, National defense oriented service organization
 * Collegiate Scholars Nat'l Society of Collegiate Scholars (NSCS), 19xx (ACHS), high achievement
 * ΣΑΛ Sigma Alpha Lambda, 20xx, leadership and service honors
 * National Fraternity Key Societies, often provided to members of national fraternities and sororities. They provide a subtle way of noting fraternity membership on a résumé, and tying it to academic achievement.

Dormant Honor and Recognition Societies


 * Scabbard and Blade, 1905-1959+ (ACHS), military honors, dormant?
 * ΛΑΨ - Lambda Alpha Psi, 1908-1924+ (local), languages honors, dormant''
 * Grey Friars, 1909-1959+, (local) Senior men, of honors and service to the University, dormant
 * ΘΣΦ - Theta Sigma Phi, 1911-1959+, women's journalism honors, dormant
 * ΚΡ - Kappa Rho, 1914-1934+ (local), women's forensics honors(?), dormant
 * Skin and Bones, 1915-1931+ (local), woman's inter-sorority honors, juniors, dormant
 * White Dragon, 1916-1949+ (local), Juniors, inter-fraternity honors (originally ΧΨ, ΦΚΨ, ΨΥ, ΑΔΦ, ΔΚΕ, later included others), dormant
 * Silver Spur, 1931(earlier?)-1959+, leadership honors, dormant, national disbanded in 2006 
 * ΔΦΛ - Delta Phi Lambda, 1917-1931+ (local), women's creative writing honors, dormant
 * Incus, 1917-1931+ (local), medical honorary, dormant
 * ΓΕΠ - Gamma Epsilon Pi, 1918-1931+, women's, commerce honorary, dormant
 * ΤΥΚ - Tau Upsilon Kappa, 1919-1931+ (local), men's inter-fraternity honors, dormant''
 * Mortar and Ball, 1920-1931+, advanced military cadets honorary, dormant
 * ΩΗΜ - Omega Eta Mu, pre-1921-19xx (local), dentistry honorary, dormant
 * ΠΑ - Pi Alpha, 1921-19xx (local), art honorary, dormant
 * ΦΣΦ - Phi Sigma Phi, 1921-1949+ (local), music and University Band honors, became the BSO
 * ΑΠΩ - Alpha Pi Omega, 1922-19xx (local), School of Mines honorary, dormant


 * ΔΣΨ - Delta Sigma Psi, 1922-1924+ (local), scholarship and investigation in Norwegian literature, dormant
 * ΣΓΕ - Sigma Gamma Epsilon, 1922-19xx, earth sciences honors, dormant
 * ΠΔΕ - Pi Delta Epsilon, 1922-19xx, journalism honorary, dormant?
 * ΠΕΔ National Collegiate Players or Pi Epsilon Delta, 1922-1931+, theater honors, dormant, national disbanded
 * Torch and Distaff, 1922-1931+ (local), home economics honors, dormant
 * ΚΒΦ - Kappa Beta Phi, 1923-1935 ?, financial honors, dormant
 * ΟΝ - Omicron Nu, 1923-1931+, home economics, dormant
 * ΑΔΣ - Alpha Delta Sigma (AAF), 1923-1935+, advertising honors, dormant
 * ΗΣΥ - Eta Sigma Upsilon, 1928?-1959+ (local), senior women's education honors, dormant
 * ΑΣΠ - Alpha Sigma Pi, 1928?-1949+ (local), senior men's education honors, dormant
 * ΣΔΨ - Sigma Delta Psi, 1930-19xx, national athletics recognition society, dormant ?
 * ΘΝ - Theta Nu, 1944-1952 (local), women's band honorary, became ΤΒΣ
 * ΤΩ - Tau Omega, 1943-1953, aerospace engineering honors, became ΣΓΤ - Sigma Gamma Tau
 * ΣΓΤ - Sigma Gamma Tau, 1943-1996?, aerospace engineering honors, dormant
 * Chimes, 1948-1966, junior women's honors, dormant
 * Phoenix, 1930-1959+ (local), junior men's service and recognition, dormant
 * ΟΔΚ - Omicron Delta Kappa, 1976-19xx, leadership and academic honors, dormant

Professional Societies
Professional societies work to build friendship bonds among members, cultivate strengths whereby members may promote their profession, and provide mutual assistance in their shared areas of professional study.

Listed by date of local founding with national conference membership (if any), these are primarily co-ed organizations, showing an array of professional interests. Some are residential in a co-operative fashion and all offer a moderate amount of social programming. Membership in a professional fraternity may be gained by the result of a pledge process, much like a social fraternity, and members are expected to remain loyal and active in the organization for life. Within their professional field of study, membership is exclusive; for example, if one joins a law society they cannot join another law society. However, these societies do initiate members who belong to social or honors fraternities. Professional Societies are known for networking and post-collegiate involvement, and membership is often included with pride on a résumé/CV. Governance varies from faculty-managed to purely student run. (PFA) indicates members of the Professional Fraternity Association.

Active Professional Societies


 * ΝΣΝ Nu Sigma Nu, 1891, medical (residential)
 * ΔΣΔ Delta Sigma Delta, 1894, dentistry, medicine pharmacy (residential)
 * ΨΩ Psi Omega, 1896-1903, 1918, dentistry (residential)
 * ΦΡΣ Phi Rho Sigma, 1904 (PFA), medical (residential)
 * ΑΧΣ Alpha Chi Sigma, 1904 (PFA), chemistry (residential)
 * ΦΔΧ Phi Delta Chi, 1904 (PFA), co-ed pharmaceutical (residential)
 * ΘΤ Theta Tau, 1904 (PFA), engineering (residential)
 * ΔΘΦ Delta Theta Phi, 1905 (PFA), law
 * Forestry Club, 1908, forestry
 * ΦΔΚ Phi Delta Kappa, 1910, education
 * ΑΡΧ Alpha Rho Chi, 1916-1991, 2014 (PFA), architecture


 * ΣΔΧ Sigma Delta Chi, 1916, [now SPJ] journalism
 * ΚΕ Kappa Epsilon, 1920 (PFA), women's pharmaceutical
 * ΦΧ Phi Chi, 1920, medical (residential)
 * ΑΚΨ Alpha Kappa Psi, 1922 (PFA), business (residential)
 * ΚΨ Kappa Psi, 1922 (PFA), pharmaceutical
 * ΦΑΔ Phi Alpha Delta, 1922 (PFA), pre-law
 * ΚΗΚ Kappa Eta Kappa, 1923 (PFA), electrical engineering, computer engineering or computer science (residential)
 * ΦΔΕ Phi Delta Epsilon, 1923 (PFA), Jewish, medical. Dormant?
 * ΔΣΠ Delta Sigma Pi, 1924 (PFA), business
 * ΓΗΓ Gamma Eta Gamma, 1924, law (residential)


 * ΣΑΙ Sigma Alpha Iota, 1926 (PFA), women's, music
 * Pershing Rifles 1930 (PFA), military cadets
 * ΣΔΕ Sigma Delta Epsilon or GWIS, 1945, graduate women in science
 * ΔΠΕ Delta Pi Epsilon, 1951, business education, now part of NBEA,
 * ΑΨ Alpha Psi, 1956, veterinary medicine, (residential)
 * ΚΑΜ Kappa Alpha Mu, 1957, photojournalism, dormant?
 * ΔΘΣ Delta Theta Sigma, 1958, agriculture (residential)
 * ΠΣΕ Pi Sigma Epsilon, 1962 (PFA), sales and marketing
 * ΑΤΑ Alpha Tau Alpha, 1963, agricultural education
 * ΦΣΠ Phi Sigma Pi, 2011 (PFA), leadership and scholarship

Dormant Professional Societies


 * ΑΚΚ Alpha Kappa Kappa, 1898-1931?, medicine, national disbanded?
 * ΑΕΙ - Alpha Epsilon Iota, 1901-1982, women's medical, dormant
 * ΦΒΠ - Phi Beta Pi, 1904-1970+, medicine, dormant
 * ΑΖ - Alpha Zeta, 1905-1973, agricultural, dormant
 * ΞΨΦ - Xi Psi Phi, 1905-1999, dentistry, dormant
 * ΘΚΨ - Theta Kappa Psi, 1908-19xx, medicine, dormant
 * ΣΡ - Sigma Rho, 1910-19xx, mining, dormant
 * Cabletow, 1916?-1924+, Masonic dental, dormant
 * ΓΑ - Gamma Alpha, 1916-19xx, biological science graduate students, dormant
 * ΥΑ - Upsilon Alpha, 1918-19xx, graduate women's dental, dormant
 * ΔΦ - Delta Phi, 1920-1921+ (local), women's architecture, dormant
 * ΤΒΦ - Tau Beta Phi, 1920?-1921+ (local), men's dentistry, dormant
 * ΣΑΣ - Sigma Alpha Sigma, 1920-1987? (local?), engineering, dormant


 * ΒΔΦ - Beta Delta Phi, 1921-19xx (local), men's dentistry, dormant
 * ΠΔΝ - Pi Delta Nu, 1921-1949+, women's chemistry, dormant
 * ΑΑΓ - Alpha Alpha Gamma, 1922-1964?, women's architectural, now AWA
 * ΑΓΓ - Alpha Gamma Gamma, 1922-19xx (local), women's, dental nurses, dormant
 * ΑΚΓ - Alpha Kappa Gamma, 1922-1959+ (local), women's, dental nurses, dormant
 * ΑΩ - Alpha Omega, 1922-19xx (PFA), Jewish, dentistry, dormant
 * ΑΚΕ - Alpha Kappa Epsilon, 1923-19xx (local), women's, chemistry, dormant
 * ΩΥΦ - Omega Upsilon Phi, 1923-1934?, medical, see ΦΒΠ
 * ΦΔΓ - Phi Delta Gamma, 1924-1935, men's forensics, became ΤΚΑ
 * ΦΜΑ Sinfonia - Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, 1924-1975 (NIMC), music focus, dormant
 * ΦΒΓ - Phi Beta Gamma, 1925, law, dormant?
 * ΑΔΤ - Alpha Delta Tau, 1926-19xx (local), women's medical, dormant
 * Scarab - 1926-19xx, architecture, dormant


 * ΤΦΔ - Tau Phi Delta (Treehouse), 1926-1940?, forestry, dormant
 * ΘΕ - Theta Epsilon, before 1928-19xx (local), women's literary, dormant
 * ΖΑΨ - Zeta Alpha Psi, before 1928-19xx (local), women's forensic, dormant
 * Trowel, 1926-19xx, men's dentistry, dormant
 * ΑΤΔ - Alpha Tau Delta, 1927-1959+ (PFA), nursing, dormant
 * ΜΦΕ - Mu Phi Epsilon, 1927-1945 (PFA), music, dormant
 * ΦΒ - Phi Beta, 1929-19xx (PFA), creative and performing arts, dormant
 * ΦΕΚ - Phi Epsilon Kappa, 1930-1965?, physical education, health, sports management, dormant
 * ΖΦΗ - Zeta Phi Eta, 1934-1969 (PFA), communication arts and sciences, dormant
 * ΦΔ - ''Phi Delta, 1938-1959+, women's business, dormant
 * ΚΒΠ Kappa Beta Pi, 19xx-1949+, women's law, dormant
 * ΑΔΘ - Alpha Delta Theta, 1944-1959+ (local), women's, medical technician and general sciences, dormant?

Service Societies
Listed with dates of local founding and national conference membership, if any, these are/were non-residential organizations designed to provide campus and community service. These organizations are self-governed.

Religious Themed Fraternities and Sororities
Primarily active during the 1940s and 1950s, these groups were formed in response to student interest in Greek life for those who required a closer association with peers of the same faith tradition. Some were local organizations, some national. Some were residential, and all were co-ed unless noted. Note that some religious-themed and residential fraternities and sororities are listed under the Academic and Social groups by their choice. Many other religious-oriented groups on campus are NOT designed to resemble fraternities, and are not listed here. Groups are listed by date of local founding.

Other Student Organizations
The 2013-2014 University of Minnesota Student Group search page included over 1,100 unique organizations. Major groupings include Greek-affiliation societies as listed on this page, which are further subdivided into academic/social, honors, professional societies, service groups, or recognition groups.

Additional student organization types which may warrant a separate page serve a mutitude of interests:
 * undergraduate or graduate student interest
 * career preparation
 * activism, political or issue-oriented
 * music
 * intramural athletics
 * theater
 * recreation
 * culture
 * language
 * advocacy.

These may eventually be listed under separate subheadings on the main University of Minnesota WP page, or if there is enough information, spun off to their own category page: A now-fictitious "List of Rec Sports Teams and Traditions at the University of Minnesota," (not a real page) would be an example.

While Minnesota offers a broad selection of student groups, numbering over 1,000, surprisingly, the University's own home page does not link directly to a tab or section for Student Life opportunities, as of May 31, 2014.