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The Outcome Questionnaire®-45.2 (OQ®-45.2) is a measure created by Dr. Michael Lambert which evaluates symptom distress, interpersonal relationships, and social role. The OQ®-45.2 was designed for repeated measurement of client psychological functioning while attending therapy and post-therapy (Lambert et al., 2004).

The OQ®-45.2 measures the three subscales:

Symptom Distress: This subscale pertains to primarily depression and anxiety.

Interpersonal Relationships: Measures loneliness, conflict with others, and marriage and family difficulties).

Social Role: This construct measures difficulties in the workplace, school, or home duties.

The OQ®-45.2 has several features included within the measure. The measure assesses risk, including suicide potential, substance abuse, and potential violence at work. It is a standardized instrument with empirical data and was normed on a local and national populations. Lambert et al. (2004) and Umphress et al. (1997) found the OQ®-45.2 to discriminate between clinical and nonclinical samples. Jacobson and Truax (1991) developed formulas for clinical and normative data for the OQ®-45.2 and Lambert et al. (2004) analyzed them to provide cutoff scores for the reliable change index (RCI; 14 points) and clinically significant change (dysfunctional/functional cutoff: 64/63). These cutoff scores and classifications for change that were formulas are supported by multiple studies (Bauer et al., 2004; Lunnen and Ogles, 1998). They also provide consensus with other self report measures like the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al., 1996) and the Symptom Checklist-90 (Derogatis, 1996). The statistics from this comes secondary from Beecher et al., (2016). The OQ®-45.2 is available in English, Canadian French, Norwegian, Spanish and Swedish with the OQ®-Analyst software.

The OQ®-45.2 is designed to be administer in 3-5 minutes with a total of 45 questions that are self-reported. Items are measured on a 5 point Likert scale: 0=never, 1=rarely, 2=sometimes, 3=frequently, 4=almost always. The range of scores on the OQ®-45.2 that is possible is 0-180, with higher scores meaning greater distress. Counseling Centers, companies, and therapists giving the measure to clients are encouraged to give clients the OQ®-45.2 every session to optimize its efficacy. As the client fills out the measure frequently, therapists are able to see and use the patterns and trends exhibited by the client's responses and address them in session.

In addition to the OQ®-45.2, the OQ Measures company also offers the OQ®-45.2 TA. The OQ®-45.2 TA is a new measure including the OQ®-45.2 and an additional 11 questions from the OQ®-ASC about the Therapeutic Alliance. The purpose of this measure is to assess the client's perception of the relationship between the client and therapist.

Beecher, M. E., Eggett, D., Erekson, D., Rees, L. B., Bingham, J., Klundt, J., & ... Boardman, R. (2016). Sunshine on my shoulders: Weather, pollution, and emotional distress. Journal Of Affective Disorders, 205234-238. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.021

Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., Ball, R., Ranieri, W., 1996. Comparison of Beck depression inventories -IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients. J. Pers. Assess. . http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_13

Bauer, S., Lambert, M.J., Nielson, S.L., 2004. Clinical significance methods: acomparison of statistical techniques. J. Pers. Assess. 82, 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8201_11.

Derogatis, L.R., 1996. SCL-90-R: Symptom Checklist-90-R: Administration, Scoring, and Procedures Manual. NCS Pearson, Minneapolis, MN.

Jacobson, N.S., Truax, P., 1991. Clinical significance: a statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 59, 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.59.1.12.

Lambert, M.J., Morton, J.J., Hatfield, D.R., Harmon, C., Hamilton, E.G., Reid,R.C., et al., 2004. AdministrationandScoringManualfortheOQ-45.2 (OutcomeQuestionnaire). American Professional Credentialing Services, SaltLakeCity, UT.

Lunnen, K.M., Ogles, B.M., 1998. A multiperspective, multivariable evaluation of reliable change. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 66, 400–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.66.2.400.

Umphress, V.J., Lambert, M.J., Smart, D.W., Barlow, S.H., Clouse, G., 1997. Concurrent and construct validity of the Outcome Questionnaire. J. Psychoeduc. Assess. 15, 40–55.