User:Jbo33/sandbox

Annotated Bibliography

Gregory, Sean. “Sports Homophobia Study: U.S. Ranks Worst.” Time, 9 May 2015, time.com/3852611/sports-homophobia-study/.


 * Gregory writes an important article regarding the homophobia present in sports throughout the United States. The article is based around a study that found crucial statistics regarding the prevalence of homophobic slurs in U.S sports. This information is a great addition to my article, as it adds much-needed statistics to the homophobic section, as well as providing country-specific information.

Ingle, Zachary, and David M. Sutera. Gender and Genre in Sports Documentaries: Critical Essays. Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2013.


 * In his book, Ingle includes information regarding the lack of information pertaining to LGBTQ+ athletes in sports documentaries. I plan on using this information to update the homophobia section, but also to add to the background section I hope to include. I feel that the lack of representation for homosexual athletes is something that may not be widely known, but has dominated the sports sector for a long time

Magrath, Rory. “‘To Try and Gain an Advantage for My Team’: Homophobic and Homosexually Themed Chanting among English Football Fans.” Sociology, vol. 52, no. 4, 2017, pp. 709–726., doi:10.1177/0038038517702600.


 * Magrath delivers an article regarding the extreme homophobia from soccer fans in Europe. He finds out that the fans’ rationale for the homophobic slurs is that they are trying to reduce the quality of play of the opposing team. I think this is an extremely important article for my research, firstly it provides direct information regarding homophobia from outside sources— such as fans—and as a consequence provides information to why athletes tend to stay in the closet.

Majores, Kevin. “Nice and Rough.” Washington Blade, 15 Feb. 2013, www.washingtonblade.com/2013/02/15/nice-and-rough/.


 * Majores, in an LGBTQ+ newspaper based in Washington, provides information regarding the first rugby team to include members of the LGBTQ+. The sole purpose of this source is to gather a citation that is currently missing from the article, as it currently states a fact that is not backed up by a source.

McElroy, Steven. “Camaraderie on Ice.” New York Times, 15 Oct. 2010, p. 34.


 * McElroy provides information regarding the logistics and foundation of the first homosexual hockey league in New York City. The sole purpose of this source is to gather a citation that is currently missing from the article, as it currently states a fact that is not backed up by a source.

“Mission Statement.” International Gay Bowling Organization, www.igbo.org/content_page/10031311/.


 * This source is the mission statement of the International Gay Bowling Organization (IGBO). Like other sources, its sole purpose is to provide a citation that is currently missing from the article regarding the foundation of the IGBO.

Osborne, Danny, and III, William E. Wagner. “Exploring the Relationship between Homophobia and Participation in Core Sports among High School Students.” Sociological Perspectives, vol. 50, no. 4, 2007, pp. 597–613. JSTOR, doi:10.1525/sop.2007.50.4.597.


 * Osborne and Wagner discuss how homophobia impacts high school students and their willingness to play sports. It provides insights into the homophobia that exists even from an earlier age. I believe this will be a core source of my updated homophobia section, as everything else to this date has been centered around professional sports.

Ryan, Shannon. “A Step Forward: The Rest of Our Society Will Be More Likely to Come along If Homosexuals Become Acceptable in the Sporting World.” Chicago Tribune, 5 May 2013, pp. 16–3.16. ProQuest Central, proxy.library.georgetown.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F1348494917%3Faccountid%3D11091.


 * Shannon argues that when homosexuals are openly accepted in professional sports, the rest of the world will likely begin to take a step forward in LGBTQ+ awareness and acceptance. It is a rather compelling argument and I plan on using it in a manner that demonstrates the significance of these athletes who identify as LGBTQ+ in the sports world.

Sayler, Zoe. “A Brief History of Openly Gay Olympians.” Smithsonian.com, Smithsonian Institution, 9 Feb. 2018, www.smithsonianmag.com/history/brief-history-openly-gay-olympians-180968125/.


 * Sayler forms an article that gives insight into the history of openly gay athletes. This is a very important source, as I feel it is very important to the article, yet currency the article does not include much information regarding notable openly gay athletes.

“About the Rainbow Rexes.” Rainbow Rexes Lacrosse, 2019, www.rainbowrexlax.com/about.


 * The about page of an LGBTQ+ inclusive mixed lacrosse page. Another source purely used to fill in the lack of citations in the current article.

“Home.” North American Gay Amateur Athletic Alliance, 2017, www.nagaaasoftball.org/.


 * The about page of a global sports organization that allows LGBTQ+ amateur athletes a safe environment to play softball. Another source purely used to fill in the lack of citations in the current article.

“New York Ramblers Soccer.” About, 2020, nyramblers.com/about/.


 * The about page of a gay soccer team located in New York City, it is significant as it has been around for 40 years and was one of the first LGBTQ+ sports team. Like the ones above, the about page of an organization proves to be adequate in filling in the significant among of missing citations in the article.

“About.” San Francisco Gay Basketball Association, www.sfgba.com/about.


 * The about page of the first gay basketball league in the world; it is based in San Francisco. Used to fill in missing citations, as the content is already present in the article.

“Home.” Emerald Warriors RFC, 2020, ewrfc.ie/.


 * The Home page of the Emerald Warriors Rugby Football club, Ireland’s first LGBTQ+ inclusive team. Similar to recent sources, it is used to fill in citations that are currently missing. The home or about page is very valuable to my research, as it usually gives the year founded in it, which is part of the content that is currently present in the Wikipedia article.

Bird, Dennis L. “Obituary: John Curry.” The Independent, Independent Digital News and Media, 22 Oct. 2011, www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-john-curry-1370333.html.


 * Obituary of John Curry, one of the first openly gay athletes to win an Olympic gold medal, and the first to do so in his respective sport. His obituary provides key information that will help fill in my creation of the section regarding iconic homosexual athletes.

Russell, Susan D. “John Curry: Triumph and Tragedy.” International Figure Skating Magazine, 10 June 2007, www.ifsmagazine.com/john-curry-triumph-and-tragedy/.


 * Another article on Curry from the International Figure Skating Magazine. This source provides more information on his life that will be using in the new section on homosexual athletes.

“Innsbruck 1976.” International Olympic Committee, www.olympic.org/innsbruck-1976.


 * Official Olympic Games website which provides the source to back up Curry’s gold medal in 1976.

Ware, Susan. “The Outing of Billie Jean King.” The Perils of Celebrity and Sexuality, University of North Carolina Press, 2011, pp. 179–206. JSTOR.


 * A section of a book that details how Billie Jean King, an iconic tennis player, was outed by a former lover as lesbian. Needed for the BJK section of iconic homosexual athletes.

Ottesen, KK. “Tennis Icon Billie Jean King on Fighting for Equal Pay for Women: 'Pressure Is a Privilege'.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 14 Nov. 2019, www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/tennis-icon-billie-jean-king-on-fighting-for-equal-pay-for-women-pressure-is-a-privilege/2019/08/30/4d766498-b7b0-11e9-b3b4-2bb69e8c4e39_story.html.


 * An article that highlights BJK’s advocacy for equality in pay among genders. Needed for the BJK section of iconic homosexual athletes.

“Presidential Medal of Freedom.” CBS News, 12 Aug. 2009, www.cbsnews.com/pictures/presidential-medal-of-freedom/5/.


 * Demonstrates that BJK was awared a Presidential Medal of Freedom, will be used in section on iconic homosexual athletes.

“The Official Website of Billie Jean King.” Billie Jean King Enterprises, 2020, www.billiejeanking.com/.


 * Provides stat that she was the #1 ranked tennis player in the world. For BJK iconic homosexual athletes section.

“Jason Collins Featured on the Cover of Time's Most Influential People Issue.” USA Today, Gannett Satellite Information Network, 25 Apr. 2014, ftw.usatoday.com/2014/04/jason-collins-featured-on-the-cover-of-times-most-influential-people-issue.


 * Jason Collins was the first openly gay NBA player and as a consequence received the cover photo on Time Magazine’s Top 100 Most Influential People. Used for the iconic homosexual athletes section.

Collins, Jason. “Why NBA Center Jason Collins Is Coming out Now.” Sports Illustrated, 29 Apr. 2013, www.si.com/more-sports/2013/04/29/jason-collins-gay-nba-player.


 * The original Sports Illustrated article Jason Collins came out in. Used for the iconic homosexual athletes section.

“Jason Collins Stats.” Basketball Reference, www.basketball-reference.com/players/c/collija04.html.


 * The Basketball Reference, largely considered the best place to go for all basketball stats, page for Jason Collins. Provides concrete stats ready to be cited.

“2014 ESPYS.” ESPN, ESPN Internet Ventures, July 2014, www.espn.com/espys/2014/.

“Michael Sam College Stats: College Football at Sports.” Sports Reference, www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/michael-sam-1.html.

Connelly, Chris. “Mizzou's Michael Sam Says He's Gay.” ESPN, ESPN Internet Ventures, 10 Feb. 2014, www.espn.com/espn/otl/story/_/id/10429030/michael-sam-missouri-tigers-says-gay.


 * All three sources above are for Michael Sam, who is part of the iconic homosexuals in sports section. Sam was the first openly gay athlete to be drafted into the NFL.

“Megan Rapinoe: A Profile of the US Women's Co-Captain.” BBC News, BBC, 27 June 2019, www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-48784765.

“Megan Rapinoe: USWNT.” U.S. Soccer Official Site, www.ussoccer.com/players/r/megan-rapinoe.

“Rapinoe Wins Golden Ball and Golden Boot at Women's World Cup.” France 24, 7 July 2019, www.france24.com/en/20190707-rapinoe-wins-golden-ball-golden-boot-womens-world-cup.


 * The three sources above are for Megan Rapione, an iconic woman’s soccer player, who is openly lesbian. They will be used in her individual section within the iconic homosexual athletes section of the Wikipedia article.

Kemp, Emma. “Australian Fights Homophobia in Sport with World Gay Boxing Championships.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 27 Oct. 2020, www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/oct/28/australian-fights-homophobia-in-sport-with-world-gay-boxing-championships.


 * Australia plans to host the first ever LGBTQ+ inclusive boxing tournament in 2023. Will be used to bulk up the Australia section of LGBTQ+ leagues and events.

Dhillon, Amrit. “'It's Humiliating for Us': Village Disowns Dutee Chand, India's First Openly Gay Athlete.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 5 June 2019, www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/05/dutee-chand-india-athlete-coming-out.

“Dutee Chand Wins 100m Gold at World University Games.” India Today, 10 July 2019, www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/dutee-chand-100m-gold-world-summer-universiade-napoli-2019-1565750-2019-07-10.


 * Dutee Chand came out as lesbian to a media station in India much to the dismay of her hometown, despite the fact she is a very successful athlete for the country. This source will be used to fill in a missing citation.

“Paris Hosts 10th Gay Games Aimed at Promoting LGBT Rights.” France 24, 6 Aug. 2018, www.france24.com/en/20180806-paris-france-gay-games-sport-lgbt-homosexual-hidalgo-gaultier-macron.

France hosted the 10th Gay games in 2018. Source will be used to bulk up France's subsection within the LGBTQ+ leagues and events section.

King, John Paul. “Irish National Track Champion Comes out as Gay.” Washington Blade: Gay News, Politics, LGBT Rights, 23 Mar. 2020, www.washingtonblade.com/2020/03/23/irish-national-track-champion-comes-out-as-gay/.

Reimer, Alex. “Jason Collins: There's Still 'Fear' among Closeted NBA Players about Coming Out.” Outsports, 24 Feb. 2020, www.outsports.com/2020/2/24/21150859/jason-collins-interview-openly-gay-players-nba.

“Gay Games Founder Paul Mart Passes Away at Age 100.” Federation of Gay Games, 22 Oct. 2018, gaygames.org/latest-news/6865730.

“About Us.” Los Angeles Blades, 2020, www.bladeshockey.com/.

“ISHIGAKI Is a Martial Arts Club for Gay and Gay-Friendly People.” Ishigaki The Gay Ju-Jitsu Club, 2008, ishigaki.users19.interdns.co.uk/default.asp.

“Club History.” GRACES CRICKET CLUB, gracescricket.org.uk/club-history/.

“Stonewall FC – the World's Best Gay Football Team.” Barclays, 2018, home.barclays/news/2018/05/stonewallfc/.

“Kings Cross Steelers RFC.” Inclusive Rugby, 13 Oct. 2019, inclusiverugby.com/team/kings-cross-steelers-rfc/.

Coulter, Peter. “Musical about Ulster's Gay Rugby Team Opens in Edinburgh.” BBC News, BBC, 4 Aug. 2011, www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-14391345.

“Home.” Caledonian Thebans RFC, www.caledonianthebans.com/.


 * All the sources above are used to fill in missing citations within the article.