User:Jdavid06/sandbox

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I am a student at McGill University

Spasmodic Dysphonia: Article edits
There are many sections of the Spasmodic Dysphonia article that could benefit from additional information from updated sources. I plan to contribute to the section on diagnosis, including more information on diagnostic procedure, differential diagnosis, and the current challenges related to diagnosis of spasmodic dysphonia. This article also does not include very much information on signs and symptoms of this voice disorder, and could benefit from additional information in this area. I have collected some possible sources as well, , Jdavid06 (talk) 20:13, 30 September 2017 (UTC)

Spasmodic Dysphonia: Diagnosis (for editing)
Diagnosis of spasmodic dysphonia requires a multidisciplinary team and consideration of both perceptual and physiological factors. There is currently no universally accepted diagnostic test for spasmodic dysphonia, which presents a challenge for diagnosis. Additionally, diagnostic criteria have not been agreed upon as the distinguishing features of this disorder have not been well-characterized. Because spasmodic dysphonia shares many characteristics with other voice disorders, misdiagnosis frequently occurs. A common misdiagnosis is muscle tension dysphonia, a functional voice disorder which results from use of the voice, rather than a structural abnormality. Differential diagnosis is particularly important for determining appropriate interventions, as the type and cause of the disorder have an impact on the most effective treatment. Differences in treatment effectiveness are present even between the types of spasmodic dysphonia. Diagnosis of spasmodic dysphonia is often delayed due to these challenges, which in turn presents difficulties in choosing the proper interventions.

A team of professionals including a speech-language pathologist, an otolaryngologist, and a neurologist, is typically involved in spasmodic dysphonia assessment and diagnosis. The speech-language pathologist conducts a speech assessment including case history questions to gather information about voice use and symptoms. This is followed by clinical observation of voice characteristics such as voice breaks or strain, which are selectively present in normal speech over other voice activities such as whispering or laughing. Symptoms also vary across types of spasmodic dysphonia. For example, voiced sounds are more affected in adductor spasmodic dysphonia, while unvoiced sounds are more affected in abductor spasmodic dysphonia. Following speech assessment, the otolaryngologist conducts a transnasal laryngoscopy to view the vocal folds and activity of the muscles controlling them in order to eliminate other possible causes of the voice disorder. In spasmodic dysphonia, producing long vowels or speaking sentences results in muscle spasms which are not observed during other vocal activities such as coughing, breathing, or whispering. To evaluate the individual for any other neurological problems, this examination is followed up with an assessment by the neurologist.