User:Jdawson1925/sandbox

Edits to English Anne of Brittany Page
I don't think I can find a single contemporary depiction of her where she is not either seated or kneeling: is this normal?

"Death" Section
presently reads: "Anne's will also conferred the succession of Brittany upon her second daughter, Renée. Her husband ignored this, confirmed Claude as Duchess, and married her to Francis the year following Anne's death. When Francis became king in 1515, the Duchy of Brittany was once again the property of the queen consort of France."

This ignores Louise, mother of Claude's spouse:

"me laissa d'adminstration de ses biens, de sa fortune et de ses filles; mesmement de madame Claude, reine de France et femme de mon fils, laquelle j'ai honorablement et arniablement conduite," (she left to me the administration of her estate, of her fortune and of her daughters; also of madam Claude, queen of France and wife of my son, which I have undertaken with honor and kindness)"


 * https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k308808/f92.image.r=%22sa%20fortune%20et%20de%20ses%20filles%22# (pg 88) for text and context
 * https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1261968.pdf?ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A8d6e0cbb27b609ad041417da2592ad2f (pg 1115) for selection and translation

"...confirmed Claude as Duchess, put her under the guardianship of Anne's political rival, Louise of Savoy, and married her to Francis, Louise's son, in the year following Anne's death. "

Presently reads: "On this occasion, the Herald of arms of Brittany Pierre Choqué pronounced for the first time the traditional lament: La reine est morte!, la reine est morte!, la reine est morte! (The Queen is dead!, The Queen is dead!, The Queen is dead!). Choqué also recorded that two Masses were read, the first by the Cordeliers (i.e., Franciscans) and the second by the Jacobins (i.e., Dominicans). "

More on Choqué:

He was commissioned by Louis XII to write the official record of the mourning ceremonies, Récit des Funérailles d'Anne de Bretagne. One edition comprised 30 illuminated manuscript copies (account plus ten illustrated minatures) of the account, given to important political figures and personal relations.


 * citation? (L. Merlet and Max. de Gombert (Paris: Aubry, 1858)
 * also, for details: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20060041
 * "multilayered political and codicological drama" (76)

"...dead!). Choqué, in his record of Anne's funeral commissioned by Louis XII, Récit des Funérailles d'Anne de Bretagne, recorded that..."

"Personal Characteristics"
presently reads: "She commissioned a book of prayers for her son, Charles-Orland, to use in teaching him how to pray, and as guidance for his role as future King of France"

There yet exists a primer she commissioned for her 8-year-old daughter Claude (sign of the transmission of values inter-generationally from mother to daughter, from queen to queen...note the prevalence of Anne's own coat of arms in the illumination)

Claude in her turn commissions such a book for her younger sister, whom she has raised after Anne's death.

Learning Latin from a young age, Biblical scenes, model of proper behavior, see female alliances: St. Anne, Virgin Mary, and Anne and Claude, respectively

Notable as a book produced specifically for children; an interesting parallel illustration of Anne and Claude, and also parallel to the illustration of Anne from her own book of Hours already in the article.

She also commissioned a primer, yet extant, for her then 8-year-old daughter Claude. The prevalence of Anne's own coat of arms in the illumination, rather than Louis's, marks this book as a mechanism of transmission of values inter-generationally from mother to daughter, and from queen to queen. Clause in her turn will commission such a book for her younger sister, Renée, whom she has raised after Anne's death. The contents of these books produced specifically for children -- Latin, Biblical scenes, models of proper female behavior -- give insight into the priorities of the Princesses' childhood education.
 * https://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/illuminated/manuscript/discover/the-primer-of-claude-of-france/section/panel-intro facsimile of the book itself
 * https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/j.ctv8pzd9w.10.pdf?ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A8d6e0cbb27b609ad041417da2592ad2f article on the importance and significance of such an object

On her Limp:

At her marriage to Charles VIII at age 14, Anne was described as a young and rosy-cheeked girl. By the time of her marriage to Louis, aged 22, after seven pregnancies with no surviving children, she was described as pale-faced and wan. By the end of her life, at 36, she had been pregnant at least 11 times, from which only two children survived to adulthood.

Anne was trained from a young age to hide her limp, caused by a difference in the length of her legs, a limp she passed on to her daughter, Claude.
 * "Louise of Savoy was hesitant about committing her son to Claude, a stout child afflicted with her mother's limp." ("Squint," 345)

"Duchess of Brittany and Remarriage"
Presently reads: "Also, she ensured that their second child, son or daughter, would inherit the duchy of Brittany, a clause that would not be respected later."

But if the first child were a girl and the second a boy, this would mean that the duchy and the french crown would fall to the same hands. (My provision of the "eldest non-Dauphin" works better)

Also, the source for this is in french -- and not check-able by someone without that language > ''is this a problem? NO''


 * this: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/24412560.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Abdddc26022dfe6f770f7fca7293ecec5 ("Seen through a squint") says it ought to have passed to her second son. (via J. S. C. Bridge, A History of France from the Death of Louis XI (Oxford, 1929), I, 12-13)
 * this: "Pictures of the old French Court" https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112004093248&view=1up&seq=359&q1=isabelle says it was to be passed "to her own heirs" if the King died and the couple had no children
 * I swear everywhere I look has a different answer. second son? first daughter? second daughter?

The contract also stipulated that the couple's second son, or daughter, would be Anne's own heir, thus keeping the duchy separate from the crown of France. This was not to come to pass.

This paragraph is messy:

"As Duchess, Anne fiercely defended the independence of her Duchy. She arranged the marriage of her daughter, Claude, heiress of the Duchy, to Charles of Austria, to reinforce the Franco-Spanish alliance and ensure French success in the Italian Wars. The marriage contract was signed on 10 August 1501 in Lyon by François de Busleyden, Archbishop of Besançon, William de Croÿ, Nicolas de Rutter and Pierre Lesseman, all ambassadors of Duke Philip of Burgundy, Charles' father. However, the engagement was cancelled by Louis XII when it became likely that Anne would not produce a male heir. Instead, Louis XII arranged a marriage between Claude and the heir to the French throne, Francis of Angoulême. Anne, determined to maintain Breton independence, refused until death to sanction the marriage, pushing instead for Claude to marry Charles, or for her other daughter, Renée, to inherit the Duchy. It is at this point that she took the opportunity to tour the Duchy, visiting many places she had never been able to see as a child. Officially it was a pilgrimage to the Breton shrines, but in reality it was a political journey and an act of independence that sought to assert her sovereignty over the Duchy. From June to September 1505, she made triumphal entries into the cities of the Duchy, where her vassals received her sumptuously. In addition, she ensured the proper collection of taxes."

A couple fixes:

"As Duchess, Anne fiercely defended the independence of her Duchy. She arranged the marriage of her daughter Claude, heiress of the Duchy, to Charles of Austria. This match would reinforce the Franco-Spanish alliance and ensure French success in the Italian Wars. The marriage contract was signed on 10 August 1501 in Lyon by François de Busleyden, Archbishop of Besançon, William de Croÿ, Nicolas de Rutter, and Pierre Lesseman, all ambassadors of Duke Philip of Burgundy, Charles' father. Louis XII assented to this plan publicly, but in private worked to match Claude with the heir to the French throne, Francis of Angoulême. Every time Louis' precarious health threatened his death, steps were taken to cement this match between Claude and Francis. Anne, determined to maintain Breton independence, refused to sanction the marriage until her death, pushing instead for Claude to marry Charles, or for her other daughter, Renée, to inherit the Duchy. When Louis XII definitively settled their daughters' dispositions counter to her wishes, Anne left his side to tour the Duchy, visiting many places she had never been able to see as a child. Officially, it was a pilgrimage to the Breton shrines in thanks for one of Louis' recent recoveries, but in reality it was a political journey: an act of independence that sought to assert her sovereignty in the marriage. Letters imply how much Louis took her absence to heart: according to a July letter from Louise of Savoy to Michelle de Saubonne, Louis "could not be more anxious" for Anne's return and "is as wretched as can be without her." By September, he is reported as asking about her return at least six times a day. From June to September 1505, she made triumphal entries into the principal cities of the Duchy, where her vassals received her sumptuously. In addition, she ensured the proper collection of taxes."
 * Louis's perilous state of health occasioned some of the tension in the marriage, as every time he came near death, steps were taken to cement the match between Claude and Francis
 * It was in "thanks" for one such recovery (after which Francis settled the issue definitively against Anne's wishes) that she took the pilgrimage. (pulling out an "autonomy over children" theme?)
 * (both from "squint" 346) her Breton progress was chronicled by Alain Bouchard (who, um, does not have a wikipedia page? wrote Les Grandes Chroniques de Bretaigne)
 * also, important letter-attestations to the relationship between the couple during this period of separation:
 * Louise of Savoy, writing late in July to Michelle, is urgent on the need for the queen's return: 'the king could not be more anxious for it and is as wretched as can be without her'. On 1 September Louis is still vainly longing for his wife's homecoming: 'not a day passes without him bringing up the subject at least six times.'32 ("Squint" letter collection)

"Marriages"
Presently Reads: "The spring of 1491 brought new successes by the French general La Trémoille (the previous victor of the Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier), and King Charles VIII of France came to lay siege to Rennes, where Anne stayed, to force her to desist from her Habsburg marriage.

After two months of siege without assistance and unable to resist any longer, Rennes fell."

It was also at this time that her sister, Isabelle, died.


 * https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uiug.30112004093248

Presently Reads: "After two months of siege without assistance and unable to resist any longer, Rennes fell."

This battle would be the last for Breton independence from France, and signal the end of the Duchy's independence.


 * Mass grave article in notability

In the "Notes"
note d. presently reads: "however, he didn't cite no primary source on which he bases this statement."

fix the grammar

Practice
ferte haec et dicte lectos Dardaniae venisse