User:Jeff in CA/sandbox

Elotchaway
On January 10, 1814, Gen. Buckner Harris of Georgia led a group of volunteers to the former site of Paynes Town, home of the leader of the Alachua band of Seminoles, King Payne, which had been burned down by the United States troops in 1813. This site was located a considerable distance inland, southwest of St. Augustine and south of present-day Gainesville. There they constructed a small blockhouse they called Fort Mitchell after the former governor of Georgia, David Mitchell. The settlers met as a legislative assembly on January 25, 1814, and declared the area to be the "District of Elotchaway of the Republic of East Florida". President James Madison officially refused to recognize the Republic of East Florida on April 19, 1814, a devastating blow to the hopes of the Patriots. Meanwhile, the Spanish governor, Sebastian Kindelán, placed a bounty on Harris to reward the Seminoles for collecting his scalp. On May 5, 1814, they ambushed, killed and scalped Harris. His murder left the Patriots leaderless and terminated the Republic of East Florida.

End of rebellion
The white population outside of St. Augustine consisted of a few hundred persons scattered along the St. Johns, Nassau and St. Marys Rivers. The revolution affected a narrow strip of settled territory along the east coast of Florida, north of St. Augustine, about sixty miles long by fifteen to twenty in width. After the Spanish reoccupation in 1813, Governor Kindelán established three local governing districts under the Spanish Constitution of 1812 in this strip of territory. They were Fernandina (Amelia, Tiger, and Talbot Islands, both banks of the Nassau River and the south bank of the St. Marys, bordering the U.S.), Upper St. Johns (along the upper part of that river) and Lower St. Johns (everything downriver, including San Pablo Inlet and Fort George Island). He appointed a capitan de partido (equivalent to a constable and justice of the peace) to serve in each district, with small detachments of troops.

In the St. Johns River districts, this system lasted until the end of Spanish rule in Florida, but not in the territory along and between the Nassau and St. Marys Rivers, where trouble involving the malcontents continued until 1816. Vignoles described the three years that followed the resumption of hostilities in August, 1813, as a time of anarchy and desolation, in contrast to the stated purpose in the Patriots' failed constitution "that a Government should be established in this Province to prevent anarchy and confusion."

Clarke's Nassau (excluding Amelia Island) by order of the governor to "strike out Amelia Island" (Vignoles)

MOS
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Champions
The first intercollegiate game in the United States was played on November 22, 1877 between New York University and Manhattan College. Lacrosse had been introduced in upstate New York in the 1860s. Lacrosse was further introduced to the Baltimore area in the 1890s. An organizing body for the sport, the U. S. National Lacrosse Association, was founded in 1879. The first intercollegiate lacrosse tournament was held in 1881, with Harvard beating Princeton, 3-0, in the championship game. New York University and Columbia University also participated.

In 1882 three colleges formed a league called the Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association (ILA), which several other colleges also joined. In most years from this point through 1931, collegiate lacrosse associations selected annual champions based on season records. In 1899, the Inter-University Lacrosse League (IULL) began play using slightly different rules. The two leagues merged in December, 1905, to form the 8-team United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse League with Columbia, Cornell, Harvard, Johns Hopkins, Lehigh, Penn, Stevens Tech and Swarthmore. The USILL was a closed-membership league, which excluded several lacrosse powers, such as the U.S. Naval Academy. The national championship was officially bestowed only upon teams that were included in the membership of these organizations.

In 1906, the USILL established Northern and Southern Divisions, and its by-laws encouraged the annual division winners to play a post-season championship game. Only two such games were played, in 1912 and 1921. As Navy was not a member of the USILL, its teams were not eligible for the championship, even though Navy had the best collegiate record in many of those years. Navy was undefeated from 1917 through 1923, a stretch of 40 games with one tie.

The USILL was replaced by the United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association in March, 1926, as an open-membership governing body. Twelve more teams became new USILA members, in addition to the former USILL teams. The USILA bestowed gold medals upon the teams that it selected as national champions through the 1931 season. No official champions were named from 1932 through 1935. In 1936, an award was established in the memory of a Baltimore sportswriter to recognize annually the most outstanding teams. From 1936 through 1972, the USILA executive board awarded the Wingate Memorial Trophy to the national champions.

From at least 1951, if not earlier, lacrosse divisions were officially named after legendary lacrosse-men. These were the Cy Miller, Laurie D. Cox, and Roy Taylor Divisions. They were more commonly referred to Division I, or A; Division II, or B; and Division III, or C. All college teams were placed in one of the three divisions, dependent upon their records, schedules, and success for the preceding five years, and a point system was created. Any team of the three divisions was eligible to win the national championship, but this was virtually impossible for non-Division I teams. A Division II team, playing several Division I teams, might have been able to achieve it. A team's record was required to include six games against teams in its own division. Teams were realigned every three years, again reflecting their records. All schools were eligible for the national rankings. The team that achieved the highest point total each year, however, was not guaranteed a solo national championship. The system served as guidance to the USILA executive board, who chose co-champions on frequent occasions. This point system prevailed with modifications until the NCAA in the early 1970s established the playoff system for determining champions.

At its 1969 annual meeting in Baltimore, the USILA voted for its first playoff tournament to determine a national champion. In 1971, the NCAA began sponsoring men's lacrosse and began holding an annual championship tournament for Division I schools. The USILA conducted a small college tournament for non-Division I schools in 1972 and 1973 (won by Hobart and Cortland State). In 1974, the NCAA took over the sponsorship of this tournament through the 1979 season, with separate tournaments being conducted in both 1980 and 1981 for Divisions II and III teams. The Division II tournament then was discontinued until returning in 1993.

List of ILA Champions 1881–1905
∗ U.S. National Lacrosse Association tournament

List of USILL Champions 1906–1925
The USILL was a closed membership organization. Some strong teams of the era, such as Army and Navy, were never members.

* Division champions were selected based on difficulty of schedule and number of wins.


 * 1) Championship or co-championship claims, as published in school media guide/record book/website

♦ In 1917–1919, World War I and the influenza epidemic curtailed lacrosse activity, as many schools eliminated or reduced schedules. Neither Cornell nor Harvard fielded teams in 1917-1918. Cornell did not return until 1920.

^ Not a USILL member

USILL Championship Tally
In six of the 20 years of the USILL's existence (1907, 1917, 1918, 1923, 1924, 1925), it was difficult to determine the national champion because the division winners did not play each other. In those years, both division winners claimed championships, except for Cornell (1923) and Maryland (1925).

† Co-champion

‡ Won a post-season playoff game for the championship

List of USILA Champions 1926–1935†
In 1926, the USILL disbanded and formed the USILA as an open-membership governing body. In addition to all of the league's schools, 12 others soon became members. † The USILA did not name champions for the 1932–1935 seasons. The teams listed claim the national championship based on being the leading team in the nation for these years.

Intercollegiate Championships Claimed by Schools, 1881–1935
In all years it existed (1882–1905), the ILA consisted of 3 to 5 teams, with league championships dominated by a few schools. Likewise the USIULL had only 3 or 4 teams during 1899–1905, with only Cornell's 1903 title claimed. After 1905, several schools claimed division championships (based on the results of 3 or 4 games) in the two-division USILL as national titles, while others did not. Still others based unofficial title claims on being leading teams in the collegiate ranks in particular years. Non-league members were ineligible for title consideration before 1926. The USILA awarded gold medals to leading teams from 1926–1931, but made no selections from 1932–1935.
 * 1) Championship or co-championship claims, as published in school media guide/record book/website

§ The USILA did not name champions for the 1932–1935 seasons. School claims national championship based on being that year's leading team.

† Won a tournament conducted for the first collegiate national championship by the U.S. National Lacrosse Association.

‡ Won a post-season championship game between the winners of the USILL Northern and Southern Divisions.

Table of Bancos
See Talk:Jeff_in_CA/Table of bancos transferred between Mexico and United States (1910–1977)

Law enforcement and companies' militia, armed detectives and guards

 * {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left; font-size:87%; border:1; cellpadding:5; cellspacing:0;"

!scope="col" width="60px" data-sort-type="date"|Date !scope="col" width="53px" |Location !scope="col" width="40px" style="text-align: center;"|Industry !scope="col" width="40px" style="text-align: center;"|Type of dispute !scope="col" width="100px" class="unsortable" style="text-align: center;"|Workers violently killed by authorities !scope="col" width="900px" class="unsortable" |Notes A legislator’s survey found that violence significantly increased after the arrival of the State Police, and that almost all acts of violence committed by state troopers were without provocation.
 * July 1851
 * Portage, NY
 * style="text-align: center;"|railroad
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|2
 * Labor timeline: shot by state militia
 * 1877
 * Baltimore, MD
 * style="text-align: center;"|railroad
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|10
 * During the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, first national strike in United States, National Guard regiments were ordered to Cumberland, Maryland, to face strikers. As they marched toward their train in Baltimore, violent street battles between the striking workers and the guardsmen erupted. The troops fired on the crowd, killing 10 and wounding 25.
 * July 21-22, 1877
 * Pittsburgh, PA
 * style="text-align: center;"|railroad
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|40
 * Great Railroad Strike of 1877: As militiamen approached and sought to protect the roundhouse, they bayoneted and fired on rock-throwing strikers, killing 20 people and wounding 29. The next day, the militia mounted an assault on the strikers, shooting their way out of the roundhouse and killing 20 more people.
 * July 21-28, 1877
 * East St. Louis, IL and St. Louis, MO
 * style="text-align: center;"|railroad, then general
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|as many as 18 or more
 * Great Railroad Strike of 1877: First general strike in the United States. The strike on both sides of the river was ended when 3000 federal troops and 5000 deputized police had killed at least 18 people in skirmishes around the city.
 * July 23, 1877
 * Reading, PA
 * style="text-align: center;"|railroad
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|10
 * Reading Railroad massacre: Bombarded from above with bricks and stones, soldiers fired rifle volleys into a crowd at the Seventh Street Cut.
 * July 25-26, 1877
 * Chicago, IL
 * style="text-align: center;"|railroad
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|30
 * Battle of the Viaduct: Violence erupted between a crowd and police, federal troops, and state militia at the Halsted Street Viaduct. When it ended, 30 were dead.
 * August 1, 1877
 * Scranton, PA
 * style="text-align: center;"|coal, railroad
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|4
 * Great Railroad Strike of 1877: The day after railroad workers conceded and returned to work, angry striking miners clashed with a 50-person posse under the command of William Walker Scranton, general manager of the Lackawanna Iron & Coal Company. When a posse member was shot in the knee, the posse responded by killing or fatally wounding four of the strikers.
 * May 5, 1886
 * Milwaukee, WI
 * style="text-align: center;"|building trades
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|15
 * Bay View Massacre: As protesters chanted for an 8-hour workday, 250 state militia were ordered to shoot into the crowd as it approached the iron rolling mill at Bay View, leaving 7 dead at the scene, including a 13-year-old boy. The Milwaukee Journal reported that eight more died within 24 hours.
 * November 23, 1887
 * Thibodaux, LA
 * style="text-align: center;"|sugar
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|37 or more estimated
 * Thibodaux Massacre: Louisiana Militia, aided by bands of "prominent citizens," shot at least 35 unarmed black sugar workers striking to gain a dollar-per-day wage and lynched two strike leaders. "No credible official count of the victims of was ever made; bodies continued to turn up in shallow graves outside of town for weeks to come."
 * April 3, 1891
 * Morewood, PA
 * style="text-align: center;"|coal mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|9
 * Morewood massacre: Miners struck the coke works of industrialist Henry Clay Frick for higher wages and an 8-hour work day.  As a crowd of about 1000 strikers accompanied by a brass band marched on the company store, deputized members of the 10th Regiment of the National Guard fired two rounds into the crowd, killing 6 strikers and fatally wounding 3.
 * July 6, 1892
 * Homestead, PA
 * style="text-align: center;"|steel
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|9
 * Homestead Massacre: Some of 300 Pinkerton Agency guards opened fire on striking Carnegie Steel mill-workers. 9 strikers were shot to death. 7 guards also died.
 * July 1892
 * Couer d'Alene, ID
 * style="text-align: center;"|hardrock mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|4
 * Coeur d'Alene, Idaho labor strike of 1892: In July a union miner was killed by mine guards. Company guards also fired into a saloon where union men were sheltering, killing 3 (funerals were held on July 13).
 * July 10, 1894
 * Chicago, IL
 * style="text-align: center;"|railroad
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|34
 * Pullman Strike: 14,000 federal and state troops killed 34 union members in or near Jackson Park in Chicago to put down a strike against the Pullman Company.
 * 1896–1897
 * Leadville, CO
 * style="text-align: center;"|silver mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|as many as 6
 * Leadville Miners' strike: The union asked for a wage increase of 50 cents-per-day for those making less than $3-per-day, to restore a 50-cent cut imposed in 1893.  The mine owners exerted local political clout, and the Leadville city police took their side. They recruited new officers from Denver and "apparently kept up a near-constant campaign of harassment and violence against union members throughout the strike." Possibly as many as six union men were randomly killed during the strike, either by the Denver deputies, or under mysterious circumstances.
 * September 10, 1897
 * Lattimer, PA
 * style="text-align: center;"|coal mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|19
 * Lattimer Massacre: 19 unarmed striking Polish, Lithuanian and Slovak coal miners were killed and 36 wounded by the Luzerne County sheriff’s posse for refusing to disperse during a peaceful march. Most were shot in the back.
 * October 12, 1898
 * Virden, IL
 * style="text-align: center;"|coal mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|7
 * Virden Massacre: The Chicago-Virden Coal Company attempted to break a strike by importing replacement workers. After union workers stopped a train transporting non-union workers, 7 of the union workers were killed when Thiel detectives opened fire from the train.
 * April 10, 1899
 * Pana, IL
 * style="text-align: center;"|coal mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|up to 7 or more
 * Pana Massacre: A minor skirmish escalated into armed conflict between the strikebreakers and mine guards on one side and the Pana unionists and sympathizers on the other. More than 7 were killed and 28 wounded, many of them bystanders.
 * started May 1899
 * Couer d'Alene, ID
 * style="text-align: center;"|hardrock mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|organizing drive
 * style="text-align: center;"|3
 * Coeur d'Alene, Idaho labor confrontation of 1899: Following a dynamite incident, President McKinley sent in U.S. Army troops, who, upon the order of Idaho officials, arrested nearly every male. 1000 men were held as prisoners in a pine board prison surrounded by a 6-foot barbed wire fence patrolled by armed soldiers. Hundreds of union miners remained locked up by the militia in the vermin-infested bullpens for a year or more. Three workers died in the primitive conditions.
 * September 17, 1899
 * Carterville, IL
 * style="text-align: center;"|coal mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|5
 * In the Illinois coal wars, unionists and strikebreakers clashed again; government troops were again summoned after five deaths occurred.
 * June 10, 1900
 * St. Louis, MO
 * style="text-align: center;"|streetcar
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|3 or more
 * St. Louis Streetcar Strike of 1900: The Police Board swore in 2500 citizens in a posse commanded by John H. Cavender, who had played a similar paramilitary role in the 1877 general strike. On the evening of June 10, men of that posse fatally shot three strikers returning from a picnic and left 14 others wounded. Between May 7 and the end of the strike in September, 14 people had been killed.
 * June 8, 1904
 * Dunnville, CO
 * style="text-align: center;"|hardrock mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|1
 * Colorado Labor Wars: In December 1903, the governor declared martial law. The Colorado National Guard under Adjutant General Sherman Bell took the side of the mine owners against the miners. Bell announced that "the military will have sole charge of everything..." and suspended the Bill of Rights, including freedom of assembly and the right to bear arms. Union leaders were arrested and either thrown in the bullpen, or banished. The Victor Daily Record was placed under military censorship; all WFM-friendly information was prohibited. On June 8, 130 armed soldiers and deputies attacked 65 unsuspecting miners in their camp, killing John Carley and taking 14 prisoners.
 * April 7–July, 1905
 * Chicago, IL
 * style="text-align: center;"|clothing workers, teamsters
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|as many as 21
 * 1905 Chicago Teamsters' strike: Riots erupted on April 7 and continued almost daily until mid-July. Sometimes thousands of striking workers would clash with strikebreakers and armed police each day. By late July, when the strike ended, 21 people had been killed and a total of 416 injured.
 * May 7, 1907
 * San Francisco, CA
 * style="text-align: center;"|streetcar
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|2 to 6
 * San Francisco Streetcar Strike of 1907:As the strike loomed, United Railroads contracted with the nationally known "King of the Strikebreakers", James Farley, for four hundred replacement workers. Farley's armed workers took control of the entire streetcar system. Violence started two days into the strike when a shootout on Turk Street left 2 dead and about 20 injured. Of the 31 deaths from shootings and streetcar accidents, 25 were among passengers.
 * August 22, 1909
 * McKees Rocks, PA
 * style="text-align: center;"|railroad
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|4 to as many as 8
 * Pressed Steel Car strike of 1909: At least 12 people died when strikers battled with private security agents and Pennsylvania State Police mounted on horseback. Eight men died on August 22, including 4 strikers.  By the time was rioting was over, a dozen men were dead and more than 50 were wounded.
 * March 9, 1910–July 1, 1911
 * Westmoreland County, PA
 * style="text-align: center;"|coal mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|6 (plus 9 miners’ wives)
 * Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–1911: 70 percent of the miners were Slovak immigrants. Employers used force to intimidate striking miners, partially paying the cost for the Coal and Iron Police, local law enforcement and the Pennsylvania State Police.
 * May 8, 1910 – Yukon, PA: As 25 sheriff's deputies and state police vainly searched a boarding house, a crowd of striking miners gathered and ridiculed them. The deputies then fired into the crowd, killing one and injuring 30.
 * May 1910 – Export, PA: Miners who were walking home passed by coal company property, whereupon 20 sheriff's deputies and State Police attacked and severely beat them. One miner, trying to protect a child in his arms, was killed.
 * July 1910 – South Greensburg: Striking miners had obtained a permit to march, but as they began, deputy sheriffs on horseback stopped them. In defiance of the local police chief, the deputies charged with their horses, swinging clubs and then firing into the crowd, killing a miner.
 * 1905 Chicago Teamsters' strike: Riots erupted on April 7 and continued almost daily until mid-July. Sometimes thousands of striking workers would clash with strikebreakers and armed police each day. By late July, when the strike ended, 21 people had been killed and a total of 416 injured.
 * May 7, 1907
 * San Francisco, CA
 * style="text-align: center;"|streetcar
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|2 to 6
 * San Francisco Streetcar Strike of 1907:As the strike loomed, United Railroads contracted with the nationally known "King of the Strikebreakers", James Farley, for four hundred replacement workers. Farley's armed workers took control of the entire streetcar system. Violence started two days into the strike when a shootout on Turk Street left 2 dead and about 20 injured. Of the 31 deaths from shootings and streetcar accidents, 25 were among passengers.
 * August 22, 1909
 * McKees Rocks, PA
 * style="text-align: center;"|railroad
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|4 to as many as 8
 * Pressed Steel Car strike of 1909: At least 12 people died when strikers battled with private security agents and Pennsylvania State Police mounted on horseback. Eight men died on August 22, including 4 strikers.  By the time was rioting was over, a dozen men were dead and more than 50 were wounded.
 * March 9, 1910–July 1, 1911
 * Westmoreland County, PA
 * style="text-align: center;"|coal mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|6 (plus 9 miners’ wives)
 * Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–1911: 70 percent of the miners were Slovak immigrants. Employers used force to intimidate striking miners, partially paying the cost for the Coal and Iron Police, local law enforcement and the Pennsylvania State Police.
 * May 8, 1910 – Yukon, PA: As 25 sheriff's deputies and state police vainly searched a boarding house, a crowd of striking miners gathered and ridiculed them. The deputies then fired into the crowd, killing one and injuring 30.
 * May 1910 – Export, PA: Miners who were walking home passed by coal company property, whereupon 20 sheriff's deputies and State Police attacked and severely beat them. One miner, trying to protect a child in his arms, was killed.
 * July 1910 – South Greensburg: Striking miners had obtained a permit to march, but as they began, deputy sheriffs on horseback stopped them. In defiance of the local police chief, the deputies charged with their horses, swinging clubs and then firing into the crowd, killing a miner.
 * May 8, 1910 – Yukon, PA: As 25 sheriff's deputies and state police vainly searched a boarding house, a crowd of striking miners gathered and ridiculed them. The deputies then fired into the crowd, killing one and injuring 30.
 * May 1910 – Export, PA: Miners who were walking home passed by coal company property, whereupon 20 sheriff's deputies and State Police attacked and severely beat them. One miner, trying to protect a child in his arms, was killed.
 * July 1910 – South Greensburg: Striking miners had obtained a permit to march, but as they began, deputy sheriffs on horseback stopped them. In defiance of the local police chief, the deputies charged with their horses, swinging clubs and then firing into the crowd, killing a miner.
 * Mounted State Police routinely charged onto sidewalks or into crowds, severely injuring men, women and children.
 * Severe beatings of citizens and striking miners for no reason were common, with troopers resisting local police attempts to stop them and breaking into homes without warrants.
 * State Police troopers shot up towns and fired indiscriminately into crowds and tent cities (killing and wounding sleeping women and children).
 * May 1910 – State police stopped four non-English speaking striking miners to question them. A bilingual miner came by and told the four to leave, but the troopers chased, shot and killed the fifth man, allegedly in cold blood.
 * 1912
 * Lawrence, MA
 * style="text-align: center;"|textile
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|1
 * 1912 Lawrence textile strike: A police officer fired into a crowd of strikers, killing Anna LoPizzo.
 * April 18, 1912–July 1913
 * Kanawha County, WV
 * style="text-align: center;"|coal mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|up to 50 violent deaths (estimated)[ ]
 * Paint Creek Mine War: a confrontation between striking coal miners and coal operators in Kanawha County, West Virginia, centered on the area between two streams, Paint Creek and Cabin Creek. 12 miners were killed on July 26, 1912 at Mucklow.  On February 7, 1913, the county sheriff’s posse attacked the Holly Grove miners’ camp with machine guns, killing striker Cesco Estep. Many more than 50 deaths among miners and their families were indirectly caused, as a result of starvation and malnutrition.
 * July 7, 1912
 * Grabow, LA
 * style="text-align: center;"|lumber
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|4
 * Grabow Riot: Galloway Lumber Company guards fired on striking demonstrators of the Brotherhood of Timber Workers, causing 4 deaths (including Decatur Hall) and 50 wounded.
 * June 11, 1913
 * New Orleans, LA
 * style="text-align: center;"|shipping
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|1
 * Police shot three maritime workers, killing one, who were striking against the United Fruit Company.
 * 1913–14
 * Area from Trinidad to Walsenburg, southern CO
 * style="text-align: center;"|coal mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|66 estimated (including Ludlow)
 * Colorado Labor Wars: Amid escalating violence in the coalfields and pressure from mine operators, the governor called out the National Guard, which arrived at the mining towns in October 1913. After the Ludlow Massacre in April 1914, for ten days striking miners at the other tent colonies went to war.  They attacked and destroyed mines, fighting pitched battles with mine guards and militia along a 40-mile front from Trinidad to Walsenburg.  The strike ended in defeat for the UMWA in December 1914.
 * November 4, 1913
 * Indianapolis, IN
 * style="text-align: center;"|streetcar
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|4
 * Indianapolis streetcar strike of 1913: The Terminal and Traction Company hired 300 professional strikebreakers from the Pinkerton Agency to operate the streetcars. When the strikebreakers attempted to move the streetcars into their carhouses, the crowd attacked the policemen who were protecting the strikebreakers. Strikebreakers then opened fire on the crowd, killing four.
 * April 20, 1914
 * Ludlow, CO
 * style="text-align: center;"|mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|5 (plus 2 women, 12 children)
 * Ludlow Massacre: On Greek Easter morning, 177 company "guards," engaged by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and other mine operators, and sworn into the State Militia just for the occasion, attacked a union tent camp with machine guns, then set it afire. Luka Vahernik, 50, was shot in the head. Louis Tikas and two other miners were captured, shot and killed by the militia. 5 miners, 2 women and 12 children died in the attack.
 * 1915
 * Carteret, NJ
 * style="text-align: center;"|fertilizer mfg.
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|5
 * Leibig Fertilizer strike: In an unprovoked attack, 40 deputies fired on strikers at the Williams & Clark Fertilizing Company after the strikers had stopped a train to check for strikebreakers and had found none.
 * July 20-21, 1915
 * Bayonne, NJ
 * style="text-align: center;"|oil
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|4
 * Bayonne refinery strikes of 1915–1916: During a strike by stillcleaners at Standard Oil of New Jersey and Tidewater Petroleum, armed strikebreakers protected by police fired into a crowd of strikers and sympathizers, killing four striking workers (John Sterancsak was one).
 * November 5, 1916
 * Everett, WA
 * style="text-align: center;"|shingle mfg.
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|5 or more
 * Everett Massacre: 200 "citizen deputies" under the authority of the Snohomish County sheriff waited for the arrival by passenger ship of IWW workers coming to support the strikers. A 10-minute gun battle ensued, with most gunfire coming from the dock. The IWW listed 5 dead with 27 wounded, although as many as 12 members may have been killed (some people were last seen drowning in the harbor waters). Two deputies were killed by fellow deputies.
 * August 26, 1919
 * Brackenridge, PA
 * style="text-align: center;"|steel
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|2
 * United Mine Worker organizer Fannie Sellins was gunned down by company guards on the eve of a nationwide steel strike. Joseph Starzelski, a miner, was also killed that same day.
 * April 21, 1920
 * Butte, MT
 * style="text-align: center;"|copper mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|1
 * Anaconda Road Massacre: A strike by Butte miners was suppressed with gunfire when deputized mine guards suddenly fired upon unarmed picketers. 17 were shot in the back as they tried to flee, and one man died.
 * May 19, 1920
 * Matewan, WV
 * style="text-align: center;"|coal mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|2 (Bob Mullins, Tot Tinsley) and Mayor Testerman
 * Battle of Matewan: Baldwin-Felts agents and 13 of the mining company's managers arrived to evict miners and their families from the mine camp. Sheriff Sid Hatfield tried to arrest the detectives for illegally evicting miners and carrying weapons. A gun battle ensued, resulting in the deaths of 7 private agents, Mayor Cabel Testerman, and 2 miners.
 * 1920
 * Alabama
 * style="text-align: center;"|coal mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|at least 16
 * 1920 Alabama coal strike: The Alabama miners' strike was a statewide strike of the UMWA against coal mine operators. On December 22, 1920, local union official Adrian Northcutt of Nauvoo was summoned out of his home by soldiers of Company M of the Alabama Guard, who fired 7 shots, killing him.
 * August 1, 1921
 * Welch, WV
 * style="text-align: center;"|coal mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|2 (Sheriff Sid Hatfield and Ed Chambers)
 * On the steps of the McDowell County Courthouse, the gunmen of the Baldwin-Felts Agency avenged the deaths of their colleagues by shooting to death the unarmed Sid Hatfield and his colleague, Ed Chambers, as the two men and their wives prepared to enter the court building. One of the agents approached and killed the shot and fallen Chambers with a bullet to his head.
 * August 25–Sept. 2, 1921
 * Logan County, WV
 * style="text-align: center;"|coal mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike, organizing
 * style="text-align: center;"|50–100
 * Battle of Blair Mountain: the largest labor uprising in United States history and the largest organized armed uprising since the American Civil War. During an attempt by the miners to unionize, and following the murder of Sid Hatfield, 10,000 armed coal miners confronted 3000 lawmen and Baldwin-Felts strikebreakers, who were backed by coal mine operators. In the summer of 1921 in Mingo County, hundreds of miners were arrested without habeas corpus and other basic legal rights.  Talk spread of a march to free those confined miners, end martial law, and organize the county. In  Kanawha County, up to 13,000 miners gathered and began marching toward  Logan County on August 24.  The reviled anti-union sheriff of Logan County, Don Chafin set up defenses on Blair Mountain, with the nation's largest private armed force of 2000.  By August 29, battle was fully joined. Chafin's men, though outnumbered, had the advantage of higher positions and better weaponry. Private hired planes dropped homemade bombs on the miners near the towns of Jeffery, Sharples and Blair.  Army bombers were used for aerial surveillance.  Sporadic gun battles continued for a week. Up to 30 deaths were reported by Chafin's side and 50–100 on the union miners' side, with hundreds more injured.  On September 2, federal troops arrived by presidential order, and the miners started heading home the next day. About one million rounds were fired in the battle.
 * August 27, 1921
 * Sharples, WV
 * style="text-align: center;"|coal mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|arrest attempt
 * style="text-align: center;"|at least 2
 * Posse of 70 to 100 deputies and state police went to the small mining community of Sharples to arrest miners and their leaders. The confrontation resulted in a gunfight in which at least two miners were killed and two others were wounded.
 * June 22, 1922
 * Herrin, IL
 * style="text-align: center;"|coal mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|3
 * Herrin Massacre: Armed union miners surrounded W.J. Lester's mine. Lester's guards opened fire, killing two of the UMWA members and mortally wounding a third (Jordie Henderson, Joseph Pitkewicius and one other). The next day, union miners killed 19 of the 50 strikebreakers and mine guards.
 * September 9, 1924
 * Hanapēpē, Kauai, HI
 * style="text-align: center;"|sugar
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|16
 * Hanapēpē massacre: Sixteen striking Filipino sugar workers on the Hawaii island of Kauai were killed by police; four police also died. Many of the surviving strikers were jailed, then deported.
 * November 21, 1927
 * Serene, CO
 * style="text-align: center;"|coal mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|6
 * Columbine Mine massacre: State police and mine guards fired pistols, rifles and a machine gun into a group of five hundred striking miners and their wives.
 * 1931–1939
 * Harlan County, KY
 * style="text-align: center;"|coal mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|various
 * style="text-align: center;"|13
 * The Harlan County War was a violent, nearly decade-long conflict between miners and mine operators who adamantly resisted unionization. It consisted of skirmishes, executions, bombings, and strikes. The incidents involved coal miners and union organizers on one side and coal firms and law enforcement officials on the other. Before its conclusion, state and federal troops would occupy the county more than half a dozen times.
 * March 7, 1932
 * Dearborn, MI
 * style="text-align: center;"|auto
 * style="text-align: center;"|demonstration by unemployed workers
 * style="text-align: center;"|5
 * Ford Massacre: Thousands of unemployed hunger marchers sought to present petitions to Ford Motor Company at the end of a planned march to the Dearborn plant. Dearborn police and Ford security guards opened fire on the marchers.  As protestors retreated, machine guns were fired at them.  4 workers were shot to death (Joe York, Coleman Leny, Joe DeBlasio, Joe Bussell), and over 60 were injured, many by gunshot wounds. Three months later, Curtis Williams died of his injuries.
 * October 10, 1933
 * Pixley and Arvin, CA
 * style="text-align: center;"|agriculture
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|4
 * San Joaquin cotton strike: Up to 18,000 cotton workers had gone on strike. About 30 armed ranchers surrounded a meeting of strikers in Pixley and fired on them, killing 3. That same day, a group of striking grape-pickers faced armed growers' men at a farm near Arvin, 60 mi south of Pixley. After a stand-off, the two sides attacked each other (the workers using wooden poles, the growers' men using their rifle butts). A shot rang out, killing a striking worker.
 * May 15, 1934
 * San Pedro, CA
 * style="text-align: center;"|shipping
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|2
 * 1934 West Coast waterfront strike: When 500 strikers attacked the stockade that housed strikebreakers in San Pedro, company guards shot into the crowd, killing two (Richard Parker was one).
 * May 24, 1934
 * Toledo, OH
 * style="text-align: center;"|auto
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|2
 * Battle of Toledo, the Electric Auto-Lite Strike: Ohio National Guardsmen guarding the Auto-Lite plant fired into the crowd, killing Frank Hubay and Steve Cyigon, who were strike sympathizers. At least 15 others were shot and wounded.
 * June 30, 1934
 * Seattle, WA
 * style="text-align: center;"|shipping
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|1
 * 1934 West Coast waterfront strike: Upon hearing that scab crews were about to take two oil tankers out of the port, union members went to the dock. When the longshoremen tried to get past the dock’s gates, they were ambushed by guards. Worker Shelvy Daffron was shot in the back and later died.
 * July 5, 1934
 * San Francisco, CA
 * style="text-align: center;"|shipping
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|2
 * 1934 West Coast waterfront strike: Two longshoremen, Nick Bordoise and Howard Sperry, were shot to death by the San Francisco Police.
 * July 12, 1934
 * Portland, OR
 * style="text-align: center;"|shipping
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|1
 * 1934 West Coast waterfront strike: Portland police chief ordered his force to "shoot to kill" picketers at the dock. Four were shot, one of whom died of his wounds.
 * July 20, 1934
 * Minneapolis, MN
 * style="text-align: center;"|trucking, then general
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|2
 * 50 armed policemen were escorting a non-union truck that was then cut off by a vehicle carrying picketers. The police opened fire on the vehicle with shotguns and then turned their guns on the strikers filling the streets. Two strikers were killed and 67 wounded.
 * September 1-22, 1934
 * Woonsocket, RI
 * style="text-align: center;"|textile
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|1
 * National Guardsmen fired on strikers at the Rayon plant, killing one and injuring three others. The city was then placed under military rule.
 * June 21, 1935
 * Humboldt County, CA
 * style="text-align: center;"|lumber
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|3
 * Pacific Northwest lumber strike: three lumber workers were killed in a fight with police and strikebreakers outside of the Holmes-Eureka lumber mill.
 * November 30, 1935
 * Tampa, FL
 * style="text-align: center;"|cigar mfg.
 * style="text-align: center;"|organizing
 * style="text-align: center;"|1
 * In the 1930s, the Ku Klux Klan actively harassed and intimidated union leaders. On November 30, 1935, Tampa police raided an organizational meeting of "Modern Democrats" in a private home without a warrant.  Joseph A. Shoemaker and five other organizers were taken to a Tampa police station.  Five policemen then turned three of them over to a mob of Klansmen.  Shoemaker died nine days later after he was stripped, flogged with tire chains, clubbed on the head, burned with a hot poker in the genitals, covered in boiling tar and feathers and paralyzed on one side.  The cigar industry moguls of Tampa had actively opposed Shoemaker, had close ties to the police and posted bail for the arrested policemen.  Several of the involved police were found to be members of the Klan, and the Tampa police chief was implicated in the crime; however, no one was ever punished for Shoemaker’s murder.
 * May 30, 1937
 * Chicago, IL
 * style="text-align: center;"|steel
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|10
 * Little Steel strike at Republic Steel: Police opened fire, killing 10 protestors in the Memorial Day massacre of 1937.
 * June 19, 1937
 * Youngstown, OH
 * style="text-align: center;"|steel
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|2
 * "Little Steel" strike at Republic Steel: A gunfight between heavily armed police officers and scantily armed protesters lasted into the night, leaving dozens injured and two dead.
 * July 11, 1937
 * Massillon, OH
 * style="text-align: center;"|steel
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|2
 * "Little Steel" strike: The local police force destroyed local union headquarters, killing 2 unionists.
 * 1937
 * several
 * style="text-align: center;"|steel
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|5
 * Other killings occurred during the "Little Steel" strike.
 * }
 * November 30, 1935
 * Tampa, FL
 * style="text-align: center;"|cigar mfg.
 * style="text-align: center;"|organizing
 * style="text-align: center;"|1
 * In the 1930s, the Ku Klux Klan actively harassed and intimidated union leaders. On November 30, 1935, Tampa police raided an organizational meeting of "Modern Democrats" in a private home without a warrant.  Joseph A. Shoemaker and five other organizers were taken to a Tampa police station.  Five policemen then turned three of them over to a mob of Klansmen.  Shoemaker died nine days later after he was stripped, flogged with tire chains, clubbed on the head, burned with a hot poker in the genitals, covered in boiling tar and feathers and paralyzed on one side.  The cigar industry moguls of Tampa had actively opposed Shoemaker, had close ties to the police and posted bail for the arrested policemen.  Several of the involved police were found to be members of the Klan, and the Tampa police chief was implicated in the crime; however, no one was ever punished for Shoemaker’s murder.
 * May 30, 1937
 * Chicago, IL
 * style="text-align: center;"|steel
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|10
 * Little Steel strike at Republic Steel: Police opened fire, killing 10 protestors in the Memorial Day massacre of 1937.
 * June 19, 1937
 * Youngstown, OH
 * style="text-align: center;"|steel
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|2
 * "Little Steel" strike at Republic Steel: A gunfight between heavily armed police officers and scantily armed protesters lasted into the night, leaving dozens injured and two dead.
 * July 11, 1937
 * Massillon, OH
 * style="text-align: center;"|steel
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|2
 * "Little Steel" strike: The local police force destroyed local union headquarters, killing 2 unionists.
 * 1937
 * several
 * style="text-align: center;"|steel
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|5
 * Other killings occurred during the "Little Steel" strike.
 * }
 * style="text-align: center;"|steel
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|5
 * Other killings occurred during the "Little Steel" strike.
 * }
 * }

Execution by the state

 * {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left; font-size:87%; border:1; cellpadding:5; cellspacing:0;"

!scope="col" width="60px" data-sort-type="date"|Date !scope="col" width="53px" |Location !scope="col" width="40px" style="text-align: center;"|Type of dispute !scope="col" width="292px" class="unsortable" style="text-align: center;"|Workers executed by the State !scope="col" width="800px" class="unsortable"|Notes (10 in 1877) Alexander Campbell, John Donahue, Michael J. Doyle, Edward J. Kelly, Hugh McGeehan, Thomas Munley, James Carroll, James Roarity, James Boyle, Thomas Duffy – all hanged June 21, 1887.
 * June 21, 1877 – October 9, 1879
 * Pennsylvania (Pottsville, Mauch Chunk, Bloomsburg, Sunbury)
 * style="text-align: center;"|coal mining strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|20
 * style="text-align: center;"|20

(10 in 1878 & 1879) Thomas Fisher, John Kehoe, Patrick Hester, Peter McHugh, Patrick Tully, Peter McManus, Dennis Donnelly, Martin Bergan, James McDonnell, Charles Sharpe. Following an investigation 100 years after his death, John Kehoe was posthumously pardoned by the governor, who wrote, "[I]t is impossible for us to imagine the plight of the 19th Century miners in Pennsylvania’s anthracite region. ... We can be proud of the men known as the Molly Maguires," whom he praised as "these martyred men of labor." p.284 1 suicide on Nov. 10, 1887 (Louis Lingg)
 * A 20% pay cut in December 1874, led to a long strike that began on January 1, 1875, p.51 and quickly turned violent. Several company bosses were killed. Bodies of militant miners were sometimes found in deserted mine shafts. p.53 20 workers (suspected Molly Maguires) p.5,10 were tried for murder and convicted largely on testimony of a Pinkerton spy. p.234-5 Franklin B. Gowen, owner of the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad and the person who hired Pinkerton, had himself appointed special prosecutor. p.54 The 20 men were hanged by the State of Pennsylvania. ""The Molly Maguire trials were a surrender of state sovereignty. A private corporation initiated the investigation through a private detective agency. A private police force arrested the alleged defenders, and private attorneys for the coal companies prosecuted them. The state provided only the courtroom and the gallows. ... Any objective study of the tenor of the times and the entire record must conclude that (the Mollies) ... did not have fair and impartial juries. They were, therefore, denied one of the fundamental rights that William Penn guaranteed to all of Pennsylvania’s citizens.""
 * November 11, 1887
 * Illinois
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|4 hanged on Nov. 11, 1887 (Albert Parsons, August Spies, George Engel, Adolph Fischer)
 * style="text-align: center;"|4 hanged on Nov. 11, 1887 (Albert Parsons, August Spies, George Engel, Adolph Fischer)
 * On May 4, 1886, one day after police fired into a crowd of striking McCormick Harvesting Machine workers outside Chicago, 3000 people rallied at Chicago's Haymarket Square to protest the police brutality. A bomb thrown at the rally caused police to open fire, killing at least one worker and injuring many.  Blamed for the Haymarket bomb, four labor leaders were eventually hanged and one committed suicide the day before the scheduled executions.  The prosecution admitted that none of eight defendants was involved in the bombing.  In 1893 Illinois Governor John Peter Altgeld found that "much of the evidence given in the trial was pure fabrication," and that the police had bribed and "terrorized ignorant men," or threatened witnesses "with torture if they refused to swear to anything desired."
 * November 19, 1915
 * Utah
 * style="text-align: center;"|organizing
 * style="text-align: center;"|Joe Hill
 * Joe Hill, IWW labor organizer and song writer, was executed by firing squad by the State of Utah for the murder of a grocer, despite worldwide protests and two attempts to intervene by President Woodrow Wilson. With the backing of the IWW, his conviction was appealed to the Utah Supreme Court. Citing dozens of alleged errors in procedure and fairness, attorney O.N. Hilton called Hill's case "utterly lacking in the essential fundamentals of proof."
 * }
 * }
 * }

By vigilante or mob

 * {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left; font-size:87%; border:1; cellpadding:5; cellspacing:0;"

!scope="col" width="60px" data-sort-type="date"|Date !scope="col" width="53px" |Location !scope="col" width="40px" style="text-align: center;"|Industry !scope="col" width="40px" style="text-align: center;"|Type of dispute !scope="col" width="100px" class="unsortable" style="text-align: center;"|Workers* killed by vigilante/mob !scope="col" width="900px" class="unsortable"|Notes
 * November 5, 1887
 * Pattersonville, LA
 * style="text-align: center;"|sugar
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|as many as 20
 * A mob attacked the black village of Pattersonville in St. Mary Parish.
 * September 1891
 * Lee County, TX
 * style="text-align: center;"|cotton
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|15
 * African-American cotton pickers organized and went on strike in Lee County, Texas, against miserably low wages and other injustices. Over the course of September a white mob put down the strike, killing 15 strikers in the process.
 * 1910
 * Tampa, FL
 * style="text-align: center;"|cigar mfg. (?)
 * style="text-align: center;"|organizing
 * style="text-align: center;"|5
 * Five labor organizers were lynched during 1910.
 * December 24, 1914
 * Calumet, MI
 * style="text-align: center;"|copper mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|strike
 * style="text-align: center;"|11 (plus 62 children)
 * Italian Hall disaster: The Western Federation of Miners organized a Christmas-Eve party for strikers and their families. The hall was packed with 400 to 500 people when someone shouted "fire." There was no fire, but 73 people, 62 of them children, were crushed to death trying to escape.
 * August 1, 1917
 * Butte, MT
 * style="text-align: center;"|copper mining
 * style="text-align: center;"|organizing
 * style="text-align: center;"|1
 * IWW organizer Frank Little was lynched by six masked men. 10,000 workers lined the route of his funeral procession.
 * November 11, 1919
 * Centralia, WA
 * style="text-align: center;"|lumber
 * style="text-align: center;"|organizing
 * style="text-align: center;"|1
 * Centralia Massacre: American Legion members attempted to force their way into an IWW hall during an Armistice Day celebration. Four Legionnaires were shot dead by members of the IWW, after which IWW organizer Wesley Everest was lynched by vigilantes.
 * April 1934
 * Lakeland, FL
 * style="text-align: center;"|citrus
 * style="text-align: center;"|organizing, hate crime
 * style="text-align: center;"|1
 * Frank Norman, an organizer of citrus workers, was abducted by Klansmen and never seen or heard from again.
 * May 12, 1936
 * Detroit, MI
 * style="text-align: center;"|
 * style="text-align: center;"|organizing, hate crime
 * style="text-align: center;"|1
 * Charles Poole, an organizer for the Works Progress Administration, was murdered by the Black Legion. The legion saw as its enemies not only blacks, Jews, and Catholics, but also welfare workers and recipients and labor union organizers.
 * April 4, 1968
 * Memphis, TN
 * style="text-align: center;"|sanitation
 * style="text-align: center;"|organizing, hate crime
 * style="text-align: center;"|1
 * Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated when he returned to Memphis to lead a non-violent march in support of the strike by city sanitation workers.
 * November 3, 1979
 * Greensboro, NC
 * style="text-align: center;"|textile
 * style="text-align: center;"|organizing, hate crime
 * style="text-align: center;"|5 (Cesar Cauce, William Sampson, Sandra Smith, Dr. James Waller, Dr. Michael Nathan)
 * Five labor organizers were killed at the Greensboro Massacre, as workers were attempting to organize across racial lines at various textile mills in the area. A rally to protest recruitment at the mills by the Ku Klux Klan and Nazis turned violent, resulting in the deaths of the organizers.
 * }
 * * includes labor organizers
 * Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated when he returned to Memphis to lead a non-violent march in support of the strike by city sanitation workers.
 * November 3, 1979
 * Greensboro, NC
 * style="text-align: center;"|textile
 * style="text-align: center;"|organizing, hate crime
 * style="text-align: center;"|5 (Cesar Cauce, William Sampson, Sandra Smith, Dr. James Waller, Dr. Michael Nathan)
 * Five labor organizers were killed at the Greensboro Massacre, as workers were attempting to organize across racial lines at various textile mills in the area. A rally to protest recruitment at the mills by the Ku Klux Klan and Nazis turned violent, resulting in the deaths of the organizers.
 * }
 * * includes labor organizers
 * }
 * * includes labor organizers

Western border of West Florida
From the look of the map from Chambers' 1898 book, stated to be a 1903 map, it appears that the 1816 versions of the parishes of Point Coupee and West Baton Rouge (see this Rumsey collection 1816 map of Louisiana) are included in the area called "Republic of West Florida." (Note that the current Iberville Parish was part of West Baton Rouge Parish at that time.) These are bounded on the west and south by the Atchafalaya River and Bayou Placquemine.

Why is Chambers' map drawn the way it is? Was it a rudimentary mistake of drawing the Mississippi River where the Atchalafaya actually is? Was it a mistake propagated from an earlier map? Was it due to believing that this area was actually within the boundaries of Spain's colony of Florida, which was transferred to Great Britain in 1763 (with the boundary then remaining as such in 1783 when Britain relinquished its conquered colonies of East and West Florida to Spain)?

Or is it not a mistake? At Atchafalaya River, the article states, "The volume the Atchafalaya receives from the Mississippi is controlled by the Old River Control Structure, a system of a low-sill structure, an auxiliary structure, an overbank structure, a navigation lock, and a power plant near Red River Landing, Louisiana, and in times of extreme flooding the Morganza Spillway further downstream. During the Mississippi River Flood of 2011, the Old River complex was discharging over 706,000 cubic feet per second (20,000 m3/s) into the Atchafalaya River, and the Morganza Floodway was discharging one-fourth of its capacity. If the Mississippi were allowed to flow freely, the Atchafalaya would capture the main flow of the Mississippi, permitting the Mississippi to bypass its current path through Baton Rouge and New Orleans."

Presumably in 1763 the Atchafalaya was flowing freely. So in 1763 was the Atchafalaya the larger river? Could this have been the basis of establishing the Atchafalaya and Bayou Placquemine as part of the boundary between La Louisiane and La Florida?

This is just speculation. I may be blowing smoke, and if so, there would be documentation readily disproving this. However, I'm wondering if anyone has information that would relate to this conjecture.

Canal Zone
Canal Zone Territorial Chronology
 * 1903-11-18 (Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty): Canal Zone formed, 10 miles wide, Colón and Panama City enclaved
 * 1904-06-15:
 * Provisionally delimited the border between the Canal Zone and Panama City and its harbor, by stating the metes and bounds for the boundary of the city.
 * Provisionally delimited the border between the Canal Zone and Colón (excluding La Terre Plein) and Colón harbor. The Canal Zone includes 30 meters around lighthouse in northwest Colón (see 1913 photograph of Colón waterfront), La Terre Plein and a 660-meter wide channel through Colón Harbor.


 * 1904-12-12 (effective date of Taft Agreement of 1904-12-03): The maritime waters lying westerly of a line drawn from a stake set on Punta Mala in Panama City through the middle island of the three islands known as Las Tres Hermanas (said line extending three marine miles from mean low-water mark on Punta Mala) are in the harbor of Ancon, within the Canal Zone.
 * 1915-05-01 (date of delivery of possession under Boundary Convention of Sept. 2, 1914):
 * Location of Battery Morgan in northwest Colón added to the Canal Zone, adjoining the lighthouse location (see 1921 photo)
 * Altered the boundary in Colón harbor to bring new shipping terminals and water area into the Canal Zone
 * The May 17, 1912, cession of Gatun Lake, its islands and limited access peninsulas made permanent and added to the Canal Zone
 * Transferred the Sabanas area around Panama City from the Canal Zone to Panama (de-enclaved Panama City) and restored the western part of the Santa Cruz District from the Canal Zone to Panama City
 * Moved the border with Panama City slightly eastward between Fourth of July St. and De Lesseps Park (matched the property line and apparently brought Bldg. No. 337 into the Canal Zone)
 * Transferred a tract of land east of the Tivoli Hotel and north of De Lesseps Park from Panama City to the Canal Zone.
 * The middle island of Las Tres Hermanas, lying on the maritime border in the harbor of Panama City, was made part of the Canal Zone. (1912 map showing islands' location: https://arquitran.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/screen-shot-2015-05-01-at-6-11-50-pm.jpg)


 * 1919-09-18 (Letter from Canal Zone Governor to President of the Republic of Panama): all of Largo Remo (125 hectares) in Las Minas Bay added to Canal Zone (see http://images.library.wisc.edu/FRUS/EFacs/1920v03/reference/frus.frus1920v03.i0010.pdf).
 * 1920-06-16 (effective date of Panamanian Executive Power Decree No. 15, dated 1920-06-12): 15 hectares on the Island of Taboga added to Canal Zone (see http://images.library.wisc.edu/FRUS/EFacs/1920v03/reference/frus.frus1920v03.i0010.pdf). "In 1920, the United States, under its right of expropriation in Article 2 of the canal treaty, required from Panama for the erection of defensive fortifications fifteen hectares of the island of Taboga in Panama Bay and a tract of one hundred and twenty-five hectares called Largo Remo in Las Minas Bay, east of Colón." (U.S. For. Rel., 1920, III, 314-322; 1921, II, 616-622)
 * 1920-09-01 (Executive Order 3322): Punta Paitilla peninsula added to Canal Zone
 * 1924-06-05 (Executive Order 4019): future Madden Lake area and downstream river and confluences of tributaries added to Canal Zone (See |Title 35 CFR Section 1.4 and this map (https://catalog.archives.gov/id/6861831?q=map%2520panama%2520canal) dated January 1927, with additional hand-drawn markings dated 1932)
 * 1939-07-27 (March 2, 1936 General Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation):
 * By specifying metes and bounds, transferred a corridor consisting of the road from the Canal Zone boundary to Madden Dam into the Canal Zone
 * Established Panamanian corridors of sovereignty along the road from the city of Colón to the Canal Zone-Panama border near Cativa, Panama. Reserved the rectangular area of its intersection with Randolph Road as an area of joint US-Panama sovereignty.
 * Created a three-dimensional tube of Panamanian sovereignty to occupy the exact volume of a future overcrossing within the Colón corridor spanning the Canal Zone's Randolph Road


 * 1955-04-11 (1950 Colón Convention):
 * Significantly changed the route of the Panamanian corridor from Colón to Cativa:
 * "between the boundary near Cativa and the Randolph Road overpass, the Colón Corridor will be altered to conform to that shown on Exhibit C of the Public Roads Administration (August 6, 1946, P.C. Drwg. No. V.F. 933-7C)."
 * "between the Randolph Road overpass and the boundary line between the City of Colón and the Canal Zone, the corridor location will be altered to conform to that shown on Exhibit B of the Public Roads Administration (August 6, 1946, P.C. Drwg. No. V.F. 933-7B).
 * Transferred some tracts of land either into the Canal Zone from Colón or into Colón from the Canal Zone, as specified in
 * Exhibit A of the Public Roads Administration (August 6, 1946, P.C. Drwg. No. V.F. 933-7A), and
 * Exhibit A of The Panama Canal (July 6, 1945, Panama Canal Drawing No. X-6113-53).
 * Established Panamanian corridors on the Boyd-Roosevelt Highway as follows (see maps starting at numbered page 157 (the 173rd page of the pdf file) in the United Nations Treaty Book at https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9LDb9lFYjVPZFVWV1VpV2gzYms/edit?usp=docslist_api ) :
 * two corridor sections between the Canal Zone boundaries along the Quebrada Madronal and the Quebrada Moja Polla, along with a crossing that lies between them over the Rio Chagres (in the Canal Zone) within a three-dimensional tube of sovereign Panamanian jurisdiction.
 * corridor at the Quebrada Madronal channel change
 * crossing over the Gatun River (in the Canal Zone) within a three-dimensional tube of sovereign jurisdiction.
 * crossing over Rio Chilibre (in the Canal Zone) within a three-dimensional tube of sovereign jurisdiction.
 * crossing over Madden Road (an American corridor) within a three-dimensional tube of sovereign jurisdiction.


 * 1955-08-23 (Remon-Eisenhower Treaty):
 * U.S. ceded Punta Paitilla to Panama
 * U.S. portion of the Island of Taboga ceded to Panama.
 * U.S. ceded the De Lesseps area (old lighthouse location, Battery Morgan, residential buildings, but excluding two lots) to Panama
 * Also in Colón, U.S. ceded the Playa de Colón, Nuevo Cristobal, lands on the westerly shore, railroad passenger station and site, and one lot to Panama.
 * U.S. ceded two tracts in Panama City to Panama.
 * Regarding the preceding four bullets, were these already under the jurisdiction of Panama? I.e., what does "certain lands situated in territory" mean? Sovereign enclaves within surrounding territory?
 * Article V of the Boundary Convention signed in 1914, regarding the boundary between the City of Colón and the Canal Zone (as amended by Article I of the Colon Convention signed in 1950), was replaced in its entirety by verbiage (metes and bounds) describing the contents of the December 23, 1954, Panama Canal Company Drawing No. 6117-22, attached to the treaty.


 * 1979-10-01: First cessions of land under the Carter-Torrijos Treaties
 * 1999-12-31: Final cessions of land under the Carter-Torrijos Treaties

Jeff in CA (talk) 01:24, 28 June 2016 (UTC)

Iroquois flag
Iroquois Confederacy

1981 World Games Calendar

 * All dates are Pacific Daylight Time (UTC-07:00)

Men
men’s water skiing= … Italy, 19. 12. Marlon Von Dijk, Netherlands, 18. 13.

Men's slalom, quarterfinals -- Bob LaPoint, U.S., d. Eddy de Telder, Belgium, 21-20 1-2; Mike Neville, Australia, d. Sammy Duvall, U.S., 27 1-2-25 1-2; John McElyea, U.S., d. Rick McCormick, U.S., 27-26 1-4; Andy Mapple, Britain, d. Lucky Lowe, U.S., 31-27 1-4. Semifinals -- Mapple d. McElyea, 21 1-2-20 1-2; LaPoint d. Neville, 32-24 1-2. Finals -- LaPoint d. Mapple, 21-12 1-2. Standings -- 1. LaPoint. 2. Mapple. 3. Neville. 4. McElyea. 5. Lowe. 6. McCormick. 7. Duvall. 8. de Telder.

Men's tricks, semifinals -- 1. Patrice Martin, France, 8,040. 2. Mike Neville, Australia, 7,270. 3. Sammy Duvall, U.S., 7,190. 4. Carl Roberge, U.S., 6,920. 5. Eddy de Telder, Belgium, 6,270. 6. Lucly Lowe, U.S., 5,060. 7. John Westm Britain, 4,330. 8. Moshe Ganzi, Israel, 3,580. Finals -- 1. Martin, 8,420. 2. Roberge, 7,660. 3. Duvall, 7,370. 4. Neville, 7,210.

Men's jumping, quarterfinals -- Carl Roberge, U.S. d. Moshe Ganzi, Israel, 171-158; Mike Hazlewood, Britain, d. Geoff Carrington, Australia, 176-156; Glen Thurlow, Australia, d. Bob LaPoint, U.S., 169-164; Sammy Duvall, U.S., d. Rick McCormick, U.S., 175-158. Semifinals -- Hazelwood d. Roberge, 175-167; Duvall d. Thurlow, 170-169. Finals -- Duvall d. Hazelwood, 174-173. 3rd place, Thurlow.

Women
women's water skiing= Slalom (1st 4 to semifinals) -- 1. Cyndi Renzel, U.S., 25 1-2. 2. Cindy

Women's slalom, semifinals -- Cyndi Benzel, U.S. d. Karin Roberge, U.S., 26-22; Sue Fieldhouse, Australia, d. Cindy Todd, U.S., 28-24. Finals -- Benzel d. Fieldhouse, 21-20 1-2. Standings -- 1. Benzel. 2. Fieldhouse, Todd. 4. Roberge.

Women's tricks finals -- 1. Ana Maria Carrasco, Venezuela, 6,710. 2. Karin Roberge, U.S., 5,620. 3. Anita Carlman, Sweden, 5,450. 4. Cyndi Benzel, U.S., 4,630.

Women's jumping, semifinals -- Sue Lipplegoes, Australia, d. July McClintock, Canada, 118-112; Marlon Van Dijk, Netherlands, d. Cindy Todd, U.S., 115-114. Finals -- Van Dijk d. Lipplegoes, 120-119. 3rd place, Todd. Overall standings (3 events, no medals awarded): Men -- 1. Duvall. 2. Roberge. 3. Neville. 4. Lowe. Women -- 1. Carrasco. 2. Carlman. 3. Roberge. 4. Benzel.

badminton
Men's singles -- L. S. King, Indonesia, bye; S. Egbeyemi, Nigeria, def. K. Zeniya, Japan, 15-1, 15-4; S. Modi, India, won by default over J. Sidek, Malaysia; R. Stevens, England, def. A. Salazar, Peru, 15-4, 15-7; M. Frost, Denmark, def. P. Johnson, Canada, 15-3, 15-4; G. Valdez, Peru, won by default over M. Sidek, Malaysia; S. Baddeley, England, def. G. Higgins, U.S., 15-7, 15-8; M. Hadiyanto, Indonesia, won by default over J. P. Baudoin, Belgium.

Women's singles, 1st round -- J. Webster, England, def. U. Kinard, U.S., 11-7, 11-6; A. Tokuda, Japan, won by deafult over J. Youngberg, Canada; Y. J. Kim, Korea, won by default over L. I. Ivana, Indonesia; C. Carton, U.S., def. C. Blackhouse, Canada, 11-7, 11-12, 11-7; Y. Yonekura, Japan, won by default over A. Ghia, India. 2md round -- S. A. Wang, Korea, def. G. Edwards, Nigeria, 11-0, 11-1; L. Blumer, Switzerland, won by default over W. Carter, Canada; L. S. Yeng, Taipei, won by default over V. Wiharjo, Indonesia; Tokuda def. Webster, 11-7, 11-6; Kim def. Carton, 12-11, 11-1; L. Koppen, Denmark, def. Yonekura, 11-3, 11-3; G. Gilks, England, won by default over T. Sumirah, Indonesia; A. Zhang, Rep. of China, won by default over S. Skillings, Canada.

China's new sports heroes are people named Chang Ailing, who won the women's singles title by beating Sun-Ae Hwang of Korea, 7-11, 11-9, 12-9; Sun Zhian and Yao Ximing, who beat Thomas Kihlstrom and Stefan Karlsson, 12-15, 15-4, 15-6, in men's doubles, Chang Ailing and Liu Xia, who defeated Nora Perry and Jane Webster, 11-15, 15-4, 15-8, in women's doubles, and Chan Chengie, who beat Frost Hansen of Denmark, 9-15, 15-7, 15-12, in men's singles.

The mixed doubles title went to the team of Kihlstron and Gillian Gilks of Britain, who beat Britain's Mike Tredgett and Nora Perry.

racquetball
Men's singles final -- Ed Andrews, U.S., d. Mark Martino, U.S., 21-19, 21-5; Martin Padilla, Mexico, d. Larry Fox, U.S., 21-6, 18-21, 15-14. Gold, Andrews. Silver, Nartino. Bronze, Padilla.

Women's singles final -- Cindy Baxter, U.S., d. Barbara Faulkenberry, U.S., 21-6, 18-21, 15-2; Betsy Massie, U.S., d. Mirjam Wielhassen, Netherlands, 21-10, 21-2. Gold, Baxter. Silver, Faulkenberry. Bronze, Massie.

Men's doubles final -- Mark Malowitz-Jeff Kwartler, U.S., d. Raul Canales-Federicso Alvarez, Mexico, 21-7, 18-21, 15-1; Tony Luyckx-Frits Groenendyk, Netherlands, d. William Wenzel-Jorg Harnold, West Germany, 21-6, 21-19. Gold, U.S. Silver, Mexico. Bronze, West Germany.

Women's doubles final -- Karen Borga-Mary Ann Clues, U.S., d. Mirjam Wielhassen-Dineke Kool, Netherlands, 21-13, 21-9; Susan Martinez-Armida Suarez, Mexico, d. Catherine Donegan-Mavis O'Toole, Ireland, 21-5, 21-1.

finswimming
Fin Swimming= Men's 50 meter underwater -- 1. Jurgen Kolenda, W. Germany, 16:667. 2. Sandro Sola, Italy, 17:728. 3. Dario Broglia, Italy, 17:790. 4. Mickel Zorte, France, 18:375. 5. Clemns Franck, W. Germany, 18:512. 6. Peter Swenson, Sweden, 18:563. 7. Thierry Lasbleye, France, 18:577. 8. Lars Anderson, Sweden, 20:484.

Women's 50 meter underwater -- 1. Cristiana, Italy, 19:937. 2. Monica Crovetti, Italy, 20:935. 3. Anne Menguy, France, 21:021. 4. Marina Beck, W. Germany, 22:036. 5. Anette Thorsell, Sweden, 22:642. 6. Marion Collot, France, 22:865. 7. Mauk Gustauson, Sweden, 26:323.

Men's 400 meter freestyle -- 1. Hueseppe Galantucci, Italy, 3:2801. 2. Walter Olander, Sweden, 3:2862. 3. Paola Vandini, Italy, 3:2865. 4. Jurgen Kolende, W. Germany, 3:3178. 5. Peter Swenson, Sweden, 3:4233. 6. Thieryy Henry, France, 3:4248. 7. Memens Franck, W. Germany, 3:4272.

Women's 400 meter freestyle -- 1. Anne Rouchon, France, 3:4281. 2. Monica Croveti, Italy, 3:5343. 3. Marina Beck, W. Germany, 4:0170. 4. Pia Strand, Sweden, 4:0727.

Women's 200 meter freestyle -- 1. Anna-Marie Rouchon, France, 1:45.527. 2. Anne Menguy, France, 1:50.414. 3. Marion Collot, France, 1:50.450. 4. Monica Crovetti, Italy, 1:50.882. 5. Marina Beck, W. Germany, 1:51.956. 6. Anette Thorsell, Sweden, 1:57.632.

Men's 200 meter freestyle -- 1. Jurgen Kolenda, W. Germany, 1:33.294. 2. Walter Olander, Sweden, 1:35.511. 3. Sandro Sola, Italy, 1:36.397. 4. Dario Broglia, Italy, 1:36.397. 5. Gueseppe Golantucci, Italy, 1:37.149. 6. ThierryLasbleye, France, 1:38.315. 7. Peter Svenson, Sweden, 1:38.696. 8. Thierry Henry, France, 1:40.661. 9. Clemens Franck, W. Germany, 1:41.627. 10. Lars Anderson, Swedsen, 1:47.239. 11. Mickel Zorte, France, 1:47.575.

Women's 800 meter freestyle -- 1. Ana-Marie Rouchon, France, 7:45.878. 2. Marion Collot, France, 8:12.129. 3. Monica Crovetti, Italy, 8:26.652. 4. Pia Strand, Sweden, 8:28.317.

Women's 100 meter scuba diving -- 1. Cristina Govini, Italy, 46:569. 2. Anne Menguy, France, 48:541. 3. Marina Beck, W. Germany, 51:156. 4. Carina Blomberg, Sweden, 54:407. 5. Maria Gustafson, Sweden, 58:292. Men's 100 meter scuba diving -- 1. Jurgen Kolenda, W. Germany, 39.941. 2. Dario Broglia, Italy, 40.695. 3. Thierry Lasbleye, France, 41.255. 4. Clemens Franck, W. Germany, 42.142. 5. Sandro Sola, Italy, 42.586. 6. Peter Svenson, Sweden, 45.028. 7. Mickel Zorte, France, 45.225. 8. Clemens Henry, France, 45.991. 9. Walter Olander, Sweden, 46.976.10. Sven Olander, Sweden, 49.459.

Women's 100 meter freestyle final -- 1. Anne Menguy, France, 49.205. 2. Christiana Govoni, Italy, 49.263. 3.Anne-Marie Rouchon, France, 49.605. 4. Monica Crovetti, Italy, 49.653. 5. Marion Collot, France, 50.746. 6. Marina Beck, W. Germany, 50.814. 7. Anette Thorsell, Sweden, 51.893. 8. Anke Goldner, W. Germany, 53.177. 9. Maria Gustafson, Sweden, 55.753.

Men's 100 meter freestyle final -- 1. Jurgen Kolenda, W. Germany, 41.201. 2. Sandro Sola, Italy, 41.881. 3. Giuseppe Galantucci, Italy, 43.264. 4. Dario Broglia, Italy, 43.345. 5. Peter Svenson, Sweden, 43.541. 6. Thierry Lasbleye, France, 43.862. 7. Clemens Franck, W. Germany, 44.952. 8. Michel Zoete, France, 45.903.

Men's 1,500 meter freestyle final -- 1. Paolo Vandini, Italy, 13:48.495. 2. Gieuseppe Galantucci, Italy, 14:12.079. 3. Walter Olander, Sweden, 14:12.100. 4. Jurgen Kolenda, W. Germany, 14:43.935. 5. Thierry Henry, France, 15:14.295.

powerlifting
90.5 kilo class -- 1. Walter Thomas, U.S., 907.5 kilos (2,000 1-2 pounds). 2. Jim Lem, U.S., 727.5 (1,603).

100 kilo class -- 1. Jim Cash, U.S., 937.5 (2,066 1-2). 2. Fred Hatfield, U.S., 915 (2,017).

110 kilo class -- 1. Scott Palmer, Santa Clara, Calif., 765 (1,686). 2. Gene Kunit, U.S., 675 (1,488).

Super heavyweight -- 1. Doyle Kennedy, U.S., 985 (2,171 1-2). 2. Dave Shaw, U.S., 925 (2,039). (end summaries).

karate
The first four gold medals in karate were decided Monday with two of them going to Japan and one each to Great Britain and Taiwan.

The Japanese winners were Masayuki Naito in the 60 kilo class and Zenichi Ono in the 60 to 65 kilo class. Cecil Hackett of Britain won the 65 to 70 kilo class and Lin Chin of Taiwan took the 70 to 75 kilo class.

men
60 Kilo final -- Mayayuki Naito, Japan, d. Fernando Rosuero, Spain for gold medal; Joseph Tierney, Britain, d. Guiseppe Tinnirello, Italy, for bronze.

60-65 kilo final -- Zenichi Ono, Japan, d. Toshiahi Maeda, Japan, for gold; Roberto De Luca, Italy, d. Kasayoshi Yokouchi, Japan, for bronze.

65-70 kilo final -- Cecil Hackett, Britain, d. Bernard Bilicky, France, for gold; Yukiyoshi Marutani, Japan, d. Seiji Nishimura, Japan, for bronze.

70-75 kilo final -- Lin Chin, Taiwan, d. Fred Royers, Netherlands, for gold; Angel Lopez, Spain, d. Christian Gauze, France, for bronze.

Women's kata final -- 1. Susuko Okamura, Japan, 65.4 pts. 2. Mie Nakayama, Japan, 65.3. 3. Maria V. Moreno, Spain, 64.3.

taekwondo
Fin Fly Bantam Feather Light Welter Light Middle Middle Light heavy Heavy

The taekwondo events in ten weight categories were held on July 29-31, 1981,at Toso Pavilion on the Santa Clara University campus.

Finweight, first round -- Cesar Moran, Mexico, bye; Ki-mun Kwon, Korea, d. Emilio Azofra, Spain; Reinhard Langer, W. Germany, d. Kenny Couch, Australia; Codazzo Aldo, Italy, d. Yong-ho Park, Canada; Dae Sung Lee, U.S., d. Ching-sha Wang, Taiwan. second round -- Kwan d. Moran.

Finweight final -- Ki-mun Kwan d. Reinhard Lamger, W. Germany; Dae Sung Lee, U.S., d. Codazzo Aldo, Italy. Gold, Kwan. Silver, Lee. Bronze, Langer and Codazzo Aldo, Italy.

Flyweight, first round -- Rund Wong Fat, Netherlands, bye; Fernando Celada, Mexico, d. Chen-Chia Su, Taiwan; Angel Benito, Spain, d. Anarjit Dosanjh, Canada; Salin Abel, Argentina, bye; Maelionico Domenico, Italy, d. Turgay Ertugral, W. Germany; Young Joon Kim, U.S., d. Tae Kim, Australia; Ki-mo Yang, Korea, bye. second round -- Domenico d. Abel; Yang d. Kim.

Flyweight final -- Ki-mo Yang, Korea, d. Maelionico Domenico, Italy; Francisco Benito, Spain, d. Fernando Celada, Mexico. Gold, Yang. Silver, Benito. Bronze, Domenico and Celada.

Bantamweight, first round -- Chung Sik Choi, U.S., bye; Dicostanzo Geremia, Italy, d. Tony Gibbs, Australia; Bcom Soo Jeong, Korea, d. Alphonse Kraidy, Ivory Coast; Jesus Benito, Spain, d. Ming Hui Chang, Taiwan; Serge Langlois, Canada, bye; Rodca Miguel, Argentina, d. Jimmy de Fretes, Netherlands; Oscar Aguilar, Mexico, d. John Henry, Malaysia; Michael Pizybyla, W. Germany, bye. second round -- Geremia d. Choi; Jeong d. Benito; Langlois d. Miguel; Aguilar d. Pizybyla.

Middleweight, first round -- Jersey Long, Canada, bye; Patrice Remarek, Ivory Coast, d. Javier Mayan, Mexico; D'Oriano Jugi, Italy, d. Juan Carlo Escolano, Spain; Earl Taylor, U.S., bye; Jose Sanchez, Argentina, bye; Doong-joon Lee, Korea, d. Chih Chao Wang, Taiwan; Andreas Scheffler, W. Germany, knocked out Gerrard Von der Berg, Netherlands ; Damian McConachy, Australia, bye. second round -- Long d. Remarek; Jugi d. Taylor; Lee d. Sanchez; Scheffler d. McConachy.

Light heavyweight, first round -- Bly BcYao, Ivory Coast, bye; Ireno Fargas, Spain, knocked out Ben Oude Luttikhuis, Netherlands; Jean Picard, Canada, d. Duvan Velez, Equador; Thomas Roth, Mexico, d. Tom Federle, U.S.; Felix Solas, Argentina, bye; Hsin-nien Sun, Taiwan, d. Carriatorz Walter, Italy; Colin Handley, Australia, d. Eugen Nefedow, W. Germnay; Jeong Chan, Korea, bye. second round -- Yao d. Fargas; Roth d. Picard; Sun TKO over Solas; Chan d. Handley.

Heavyweight, first round -- Miguel Esquivel, Mexico, bye; Michael Arndt, W. Germany, d. Puppo Ricardo, Argentina; Ching-man Park, Korea, d. Kim Royce, U.S.; Harry Prijs, Netherlands, d. Chung-Il Teng, Taiwan; Darrell Hanegan, Canada, d. Keith Whittemore, Australia; Cvozzo Bruno, Italy, bye. second round -- Esquivel d. Arndt; Hannegan knocked out Bruno, 2nd round.

Heavyweight final -- Darrell Hanegan, Canada, d. Park Chong Man, Korea. Gold, Hanegan. Silver, Man. Bronze, Harry Prijs, Netherlands, and Miguel Esquivel, Mexico.

Taekwondo - Bantamweight - Men

1. Bum-soo CHUNG - KOR 2. Oscar AGUILAR - MEX 3. Serge LANGLOIS - CAN 3. Dicostanzo GERMIA - ITA

Taekwondo - Featherweight - Men

1. Jun-kul LEE - KOR 2. Jorge GARCIA - ESP 3. Raffaele MARCHIONE - ITA 3. Juan MANGONI - ARG

Taekwondo - Finweight - Men

1. Ki-moon KWONG - KOR 2. Dea SUNG LEE - USA 3. Aldo CODAZZO - ITA 3. Reinhard LANGER - GER

Taekwondo - Flyweight - Men

1. Ki-mo YANG - KOR 2. Franco BANITO - ESP 3. Fernando CELADA - MEX 3. Dominic MAELIONICO - ITA

Taekwondo - Heavyweight - Men

1. Darrell HANEGAN - CAN 2. Chong-man PARK - KOR 3. Harry PRIJS - NED 3. Miguel ESQUIVEL - MEX

Taekwondo - Light Heavyweight - Men

1. Chan JUNG - KOR 2. Cisse ABOUAYE - CIV 3. Tom FEDERLE - USA 3. Hsin-nien SUN - TPE

Taekwondo - Light Middleweight - Men

1. Il-nam OH - KOR 2. Chul HOE KIM - USA 3. Patrice REMARCK - CIV 3. Helmut GARTNER - GER

Taekwondo - Lightweight - Men

1. Yung-kuk KIM - KOR 2. Alphonse QAHHAAR - USA 3. Luige SIENORE - ITA 3. Kone SOWLEYMANE - CIV

Taekwondo - Middleweight - Men

1. Dong-Jun LEE - KOR 2. Jersey LONG - CAN 3. Andreas SCHEFFLER - GER 3. Jugi D'ORIANO - ITA

Taekwondo - Welterweight - Men

1. Jeong-kuk KIM - KOR 2. Paul RUSCA - ARG 3. Antonio HERANDE - MEX 3. Ruben RHIJS - NED

The taekwondo events in ten weight categories were held on July 29-31, 1981, at Toso Pavilion on the Santa Clara University campus.

Ten-pin bowling
Men's rolloff for 16th place -- Edward Lee, Hong Kong, d. Rick Knockaert, Canada, 189-174.

Men's winners bracket -- Arne Strom, Norway, d. P. S. Nathan, Malaysia, 386-336; Neville Robinson, Britain, d. Young Gak Kim, Korea, 412-371; Mats Karlsson, Sweden, d. Jim Lindquist, U.S., 371-367; Chris Batson, Australia, d. Frank Maes, Belgium, 371-361; Paeng Nepomuceno, Philippines, d. Mikko Kaartinen, Finland, 368-353; Ernst Berndt, Austria, d. Ryuichiro Goto, Japan, 417-337; Suracha Kasemsiriroj, Thailand, d. Phillipe Dubois, France, 448-405; Utz Dehler, W. Germany, d. Edward Chia-Gee Lee, Hong Kong, 376-365.

Women's winners bracket -- Airi Leppala, Finland, d. Jacqueline Coudere, Belgium, 393-349; Portnip Singha, Thailand, d. Hilde Reitermaier, Austria, 416-344; Liliane Gregori, France, d. Warsini Rahardjo, Indonesia, 321-314; Ruth Guerster, Australia, d. Judy Peterson, Canada, 410-345; Frances Perez, Puerto Rico, d. Toshi-ko Ohbe, Japan, 352-351; Mary Lou Vining, U.S., d. Catherine Che, Hong Kong, 378-366; Tove Walstad, Norway, d. Yvonne Berndt, Sweden, 352-306; Irene Gronert, Netherlands, d. Gillian Holt, Britain, 347-327. Women's losers bracket -- Tove Walstad, Norway, d. Jacqueline Coudere, Belgium, 373-372; Toshi-Ko Ohbe, Japan, d. Frances Perez, Puerto Rico, 427-363; Warsini Rahardjo, Indonesia, d. Rith Guerster, Australia, 358-327; Yvonne Berndt, Swedsen, d. Aira Leppala, Finland, 427-353. Rahardjo d. Walstad, 436-354; Berndt d. Ohbe, 392-352.

Men's losers bracket -- Surachai Kasemsiriroj, Thailand, d. P.S. Nathan, Malaysia, 421-368; Frank Maes, Belgium, d. Mats Karlsson, Sweden, 404-383; Paeng Nepomuceno, Philippines, d. Nikko Kaartinen, Finland, 442-428; Edward Lee, Hong Kong, d. Neville Robinson, Britain, 343-0342. Maes d. Kasemsiriroj, 373-367; Nepomucesno d. Lee, 408-329.

Women's winners bracket -- Liliane Gregori, France, d. Porntip Singha, Thailand, 380-367; Mary Lou Vining, U.S., d. Irene Gronert, Netherlands, 371-360. Men's winners bracket -- Arne Strom, Norway, d. Chris Batson, Australia, 399-359; Ernst Berndt, Austria, D. Utz Dehler, W. Germany, 468-358.

Men's winners bracket -- Arne Strom, Norway, d. Neville Robinson, Britain, 407-352; Chris Batson, Australia, d. Mats Karlsson, Sweden, 425-411; Ernst Berndt, Austria, d. Paeng Nepomuceno, Philippines, 377-360; Utz Dehler, W. Germany, d. Surachi Kasemsiriroj, Thailand, 403-383.

Women's winners bracket -- Portnip Singha, Thailand, d. Airi Leppaia, Finland, 392-371; Liliane Gregori, France, d. Ruth Guerster, Australia, 385-369; Mary Lou Vinin, U.S., d. Frances Perez, Puerto Rico, 336-335; Irene Gronert, Netherlands, d. Tove Walstad, Norway, 374-360.

Men's losers bracket -- P. S. Nathan, Malaysia, d. Young Gak Kim, Korea, 376-355; Frank Maes, Belgium, d. Jim Lindquist, U.S., 373-369; Mikko Kaartinen, Finland, d. Ryuichiro Goto, Japan, 406-359; Edward Lee, Hong Kong, d. Philippe Dubois, France, 463-356.

Women's losers bracket -- Jackqueline Coudere, Belgium, d. Hilde Reitermaier, 365-325; Warsini Rahardjo, Indonesia, d. Judy Peterson, Canada, 370-335; Yvonne Berndt, Sweden, d. Gillian Holt, Britain, 450-353.

speed skating
Men's 20,000 meter final -- 1. Scott Constantine, New Zealand, 40:03.43. 2. Guiseppe Cruciani, Italy, 40:38.02. 3. Moreno Bagnoli, Italy, 40:38.06. 4. Danny Van De Perre, Belgium, 40:38.02. 5. Tom Peterson, U.S., disqualified from 3rd, no time credited. 6. Hermes Fossi, Italy, 40:39.02. 7. Augustin Ramirez, Colombia, 40:39.04. 8 (tie). Robb Dunn, U.S., Dimitri Van Cauwenberghe, Belgium, Serge Plante, Canada, 40:39.08. 11. Chuck Jackson, U.S., 40:40.04. 12. Humberto Triana, Colombia, 40:40.06. 13. Doug Blair, Canada, 40:42.08.

Women's 5,000 meter final -- 1. Monica Lucchese, Italy, 10:18.90. 2. Paola Sometti, Italy, 10:19.01. 3. Annie Lambrechts, Belgium, 10:19.53. 4. Marry Barriere, U.S., 10:19.80. 5. Paola Christofori, Italy, 10:20.49.6. Sue Dooley, U.S., 10:24.79. 7. Fiona Wass, New Zealand, 10:25.53. 8. Darlene Kessinger, U.S., 10:31.03. 9. Christine DeClerk, Belgium, 10:34.59.

July 29

Men's 5000m

1. Tom Peterson, U.S., 10:29.58. 2. Guiseppe Cruciani, Italy, 10:29.73. 3. Ermes Fossi, Italy, 10:30.42. 4. Dimitri Vam Cauwemberge, Belgium, 10:31.11. 5. Chuck Jackson, U.S., 10:31.20. 6. Danny Van De Perre, Belgium, 10:31.22. 7. Robb Dunn, U.S., 10:32.10. 8. Scott Constantine, New Zealand, 10:32.24. 9. Augustin Ramirea, Colombia, 10:32.37. 10. Dean Huffman, U.S., 10:33.31. 11. Alvaro Arrendondo, Colombia, 10:34.06. 12. Humberto Triana, Colombia, 10:34.34. 13. Serge Plante, Canada, 10:38.04. 14. Roland De Roo, Belgium, 10:41.69. 15. M. Bagnoli, Italy, 10:51.69. 16. Doug Blair, Canada, 10:56.24.

Women's 15,000m 1. Annie Lambrechte, Belgium, 33:45.04. 2. Paolo Christofori, Italy, 33:45.03. 3. Monica Lucchese, Italy, 33:45.03. 4. Darlene Kessinger, U.S., 33:45.04. 5. Paolo Sometti, Italy, 33:46.02. No times -- 6. Mary Barriere, U.S. 7. Fiona Wass, New Zealand. 8. L. Fioni, Italy. 9. Sue Dooley, U.S. 10. Christine de Clerck, Belgium. 11. Marie-Claire van Damme, Belgium.

Trampoline
Men's tumbling preliminaries -- 1. Steve Elliott, U.S., 33.8. 2. Randy Wickstrom, U.S., 31.38. 3. Tim Cleave, Canada, 24.90. 4. Steve Cooper, U.S., 24.48. 5. Carlos Villarreal, U.S., 22.90. 6. Ty Binfet, Canada, 21.20. 7. Daryl Scheeler, Canada, 19.55. 8. Carl Heger, U.S., 11.10.

Women's tumbling preliminaries -- 1. Angie Whiting, U.S., 31.15. 2. Kristi Laman, U.S., 30.40. 3. Stacey Hansen, U.S., 28.45. 4. Gina Garcia, U.S., 23.47. 5. Charlene Zowty, Canada, 23.10.6. Chris Patterson, U.S., 22.60. 7. Kay Davis, U.S., 21.88. 8. Jackie Blanchet, Canada, 19.80. 9. Sherri Newman, U.S., 18.60. 10. Beverly Beres, Canada, 17.02. 11. Jesica Knaff, U.S., 16.63.

Women's mini final -- 1. Christine Tough, Canada, 22.5. 2. Beth Fairchild, U.S., 22.4. 3. Nora Lehto, Canada, 22.3. 4. Mary Borkowski, U.S., 21.9.5. Chris Sullivan, U.S., 21.4. 6. Barbara Lehto, Canada, 21.1. 7. Jay Davis, U.S., 20.4.

Men's mini final -- 1. Brett Brown, Canada, 24.2. 2. Karl Heger, U.S., 24.0. 3. Tim Cleave, Canada, 23.2. 4. Mark Biech, Canada, 22.1. 5. Carlos Villarreal, U.S., 21.7. 6. Alain Gauthier, Canada, 21.1.7. Steve Elliot, U.S., 20.7. 8. Paul Rugheimer, U.S., 19.5.

Men's synchronized final -- 1. Carl Heger-Steve Elliot, U.S. 2. Paul Rugheimer-Carlos Villarreal, U.S. 3. Brett Brown-Alan Gauthier, Canada.

Women's synchronized final -- 1. Norman and Barbara Lehto, Canada. 2. Beth Fairchild-Mary Borkowski, U.S.

Individual
This event was discontinued when trampolining was included in the program of the Olympic Games in 2000.

Women
=Baseball at the 1981 World Games= The baseball competition was held on July 27-30, 1981, at San Jose Municipal Stadium in San Jose, California. Teams from the Unites States, Australia, South Korea and Panama participated.

Details
Tuesday, July 28, 1981:


 * United States 9, Panama 1 South Korea 10, Australia 0

Wednesday, July 29, 1981:


 * United States 11, Australia 7 South Korea 7, Panama 6

Thursday, July 30, 1981:


 * Australia 6, Panama 5 United States 4, South Korea 2

Standing
Round-robin phase:

Details
Each team played two games per day for three days, followed by a championship game between the top two teams in the standing.

Thursday, July 30, 1981:


 * Canada 4, Bahamas 3 United States 1, Chinese Taipei 0 United States 4, Bahamas ? Chinese Taipei d. Canada

Friday, July 31, 1981:


 * Bahamas 5, Chinese Taipei 2 United States 3, Canada 0 Canada 2, Bahamas 1 United States 2, Chinese Taipei 0

Saturday, August 1, 1981:


 * Canada 2, Chinese Taipei 1 United States d. Bahamas United States 8, Canada 0 Bahamas d. Chinese Taipei

Sunday, August 2, 1981:


 * Championship game -- United States 3, Canada 0 (perfect game by Arendsen)

Standing
Round-robin phase:

Details
Each team played two games per day for three days, followed by a championship game between the top two teams in the standing.

Thursday, July 30, 1981:


 * United States II 3, Bahamas 0 United States I 2, Canada 1 United States I 8, Bahamas 0 United States II vs. Canada

Friday, July 31, 1981:


 * Canada 4, Bahamas 3 (9 inn.) United States I 3, United States II 1 United States II 3, Bahamas 1 United States I 4, Canada 3 (10 inn.)

Saturday, August 1, 1981:


 * United States I 5, Bahamas 1 United States II vs. Canada United States II 3, United States I 1 Canada d. Bahamas

Note: Canada and United States II split the two games between them.

Sunday, August 2, 1981:


 * Championship game -- United States II 3, United States I 0

-720 kg
This is a discontinued event.

roller hockey
Roller Skating Hockey= Italy 4, Chile 3; Argentina 6, Brazil 2; U.S. 2, Portugal 2.

water polo
Women's Water Polo= United States No. 1 9, Canada 6; Netherlands 22, United States No. 2. 3.

The United States No. 1 women's water polo team beat Canada, 9-6, while the Netherlands beat the United States No. 2 team, 22-3. The American No. 1 team meets the Dutch Monday to decide the gold medal.

The Netherlands, with Ria Roos scoring four goals, buried the United States 13-7 Monday night to win the women's water polo gold medal at World Games I and Canada defeated the U.S. No. 2 team 11-3 to take the bronze.

redirect
WP:Redirect

Map
=victims=

Golf
National College Club Golf Association (NCCGA)

The NCCGA hosts two tournaments. The National Championship & The National Invitational. * Co-champions. Tournament was shortened to 18 holes due to bad weather conditions. NCAA from 1939.

Baseball
NCAA from 1947.

Basketball
NCAA from 1939.

Cross country
NCAA from 1938.

Fencing
NCAA 1941 – 42 and from 1947.

Gymnastics
NCAA from 1938.

Ice hockey
NCAA from 1948.

Lacrosse
NCAA from 1971.

Rifle
NCAA from 1980.

Skiing
NCAA from 1954.

Soccer
NCAA from 1959.

Tennis
NCAA from 1946.

Track and field (indoor)
NCAA from 1965.

Track and field (outdoor)
NCAA from 1921.

Volleyball
NCAA from 1970

Water polo
NCAA from 1969.

Wrestling
NCAA from 1928.

Basketball
NCAA from 1981.

Beach volleyball
NCAA from 2016

Bowling
NCAA from 2004

Cross country
NCAA from 1981.

Fencing
NCAA from 1981.

Field hockey
NCAA from 1982.

Golf
NCAA from 1982.

Gymnastics
NCAA from 1981.

Ice hockey
NCAA from 2001

Lacrosse
NCAA from 1982.

Rowing
NCAA from 1997, in which women currently compete in a Varsity 8, a Second Varsity 8, and a Varsity Four.

Skiing
NCAA from 1982.

Soccer
NCAA from 1982.

Softball
NCAA from 1982.

Swimming & diving
NCAA from 1981.

Tennis
NCAA from 1982.

Track and field (outdoor)
NCAA from 1982.

Track and field (indoor)
NCAA from 1981.

Volleyball
NCAA from 1981.

Water polo
NCAA from 2001 

Volleyball coaches

 * 14*||Rick Squiers|| 29||922 ||158 ||0|| .850 || Hastings (1993–1998), Nebraska–Kearney (1999–present)
 * - align="center"


 * 24*||Kandis Schram|| 36|| 828|| 431||0|| .650 || Maryville (TN) (1986–present)
 * - align="center"


 * 26||Marlene Piper|| 32|| 815|| 327||4|| .710 || Portland State (1969–1983), California (1984–1987), UC–Davis (1988–1993), Willamette (1994–2001)
 * - align="center"


 * 30*||Jennifer McDowell|| 25||803 ||175 ||0|| .820 || Emory (1996–present)
 * - align="center"


 * 31*||Barry Goldberg|| 33|| 797|| 296||0|| .720 ||American (1989–present)
 * - align="center"


 * 32*||John Cook||29 ||791 || 165||0|| .820 || Wisconsin (1992–1998), Nebraska (2000–present)
 * - align="center"


 * 36||Rosie Wegrich|| 44||780 || 592||10|| .560 || Minnesota (1975–1976), Arizona (1977–1991), Cal Poly–Pomona (1992–2018)
 * - align="center"


 * 37*||Mark Birtwistle|| 31|| 777|| 256||0|| .750 || Eastern (1990–present)
 * - align="center"


 * 38*||Carolyn Condit|| 42|| 769|| 587||0|| .560 || Xavier (1980–1983), Miami (Ohio) (1984–present)
 * - align="center"


 * 39*||Debbie Humphreys|| 34|| 767|| 357||0|| .680 || Stephen F. Austin (1988–present)
 * - align="center"

CFDW
here (section called "status of CFBDW section")

Men's rowing

Socklinks
Sockpuppet investigations/DylanPuma20/Archive