User:Jeffrey Pearson/sandbox

http://www.cgjungcenter.org/clinical-services/what-is-depth-psychology/

https://www.pacifica.edu/about-pacifica/what-is-depth-psychology/

http://www.depthinsights.com/pdfs/On_Depth_Psychology.pdf

http://www.dreamtending.com/naturedreaming.pdf ******************************

https://aras.org/concordance/content/depth-psychology-term ***********************

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0kqVf6sAZt4

Historically, depth psychology (from the German term Tiefenpsychologie), was coined by Eugen Bleuler to refer to psychoanalytic approaches to therapy and research which take the unconscious into account. The term was rapidly accepted in the year of its proposal (1914) by Sigmund Freud, to cover a topographical view of the mind in terms of different psychic systems.

Depth psychology has since come to refer to the ongoing development of theories and therapies pioneered by Pierre Janet, William James, and Carl Jung as well as Freud, which explore the relationship between the conscious and the unconscious (thus including both psychoanalysis and Jungian psychology).

Summary of primary elements
Depth psychology states that psyche is a process that is partly conscious and partly unconscious and partly semi-conscious. In practice, depth psychology seeks to explore underlying motives as an approach to various mental disorders, with the belief that the uncovering of these motives is intrinsically healing. It seeks the deep layers underlying behavioral and cognitive processes. The studying of depth psychology looks beyond the concepts of binary thinking and any imbalance of perspectives. It assumes that we all are on the same level, simply thinking about the world differently. Depth psychology also brings out the real human psychology, looking at each person similarly for equality, yet different for the sake of uniqueness. The initial work and development of the theories and therapies by Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler and Otto Rank have resulted in three main perspectives on depth psychology in modern times:
 * Psychoanalytic: Melanie Klein and Donald Winnicott (among others); object relations theory; Neo-Freudianism
 * Adlerian: Adler's individual psychology
 * Jungian: Jung's analytical psychology; James Hillman's archetypal psychology

Psychoanalytic view
Sigmund Freud, who established psychoanalysis, came up with the idea of the conscious and the unconscious involving three parts: Freud looked at the interaction, and saw that the issues arising in his patients were coming from their repressed thoughts, feelings, and behaviours through these three constructs. Any combination of imbalance between the constructs (with examples from too much repression of desires to someone who is very impulsive) can cause mental distress, and could lead to possible mental illness. Although he looked at this distress as repressed ideas, this was one of the first steps into the unconscious.
 * The Id, which consists of 'natural' instinctive human functions such as eating, mating, and the fight or flight response. This primal instinct tries to insure that you as well as your genes and species continues to spread and live on.
 * The Ego, being the the part of the unconscious that is influenced by the outside world. It focus on the primal instincts, but looks at how to achieve it in a realistic manner.
 * and the Super-Ego, known as the conscious, is both the controller of the Ids extreme behaviours and a moral guide for the Ego.

Adlerian view
While Freud took the internal factors involving the unconscious, Alfred Alder looked at the external factors of the human psyche. Studying neurosis, Alder theorized that the society someone is placed in may have an effect on their person, disassociating their individual being from their social being. Over-infatuated Egos are pushed by the Ids desire for achievement, and subsequently the Ego presents this anxiety for underachievement. This works the other way as well, when referring to extreme introverts, the lack of desire for achievement creates little to no push, resulting in repressed thoughts, feelings, and behaviours.

Criticism

 * Fredric Jameson considers postmodernism to reject depth models such as Freud's, in favor of a set of multiple surfaces consisting of inter-textual discourses and practices.
 * Esotericism criticizes depth psychologies (including the Jungian) for reducing the numinal to the inward alone, and for excessive reliance on the experiential, though this position has also been challenged.
 * There is a lack of external validity with Depth Psychology through its use of introspection, making it difficult to study through a scientific mind frame.

Modern Practices of Depth Psychology
Currently, Depth Psychology is commonly viewed as a way to improve the populations mental health, by uncovering non-normative motives. This involves many different theories (including the attachment theories, object relations, and many approaches to self/person-centered psychology) and a lot of work with therapists and counselors, as there is still an ongoing amount of research comparing Depth Psychology therapy to cognitive behavioural therapy.