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Lactobacillus mucosae is a rod shaped species of lactic acid bacteria first isolated from pig intestines. It has mucus-binding activity. The species is catalase-negative, doesn't form spores and is non-motile. Its type strain is S32T, and has been found to be most closely related to Lactobacillus reuteri.

Name and classification
The name Lactobacillus mucosae is derived from the Latin terms lacto, bacillus , and mūcōsus , meaning 'slimy milk-bacteria'. The species name mucosae refers to the mucus binding colonization factor gene mub found inL. mucosae and the related Lactobacillus reuteri.

There are over 60 Lactobacillus species known, many of which have been isolated from animal gastrointestinal tracts. Examples of other Lactobacilli isolated from pig intestines include L. fermentum, L. acidophilus, and L. reuteri.

Phylogeny
Using 16S rDNA, L. mucosae strains S14 and S32 sequences have been completely determined, and partially determined for strains 1028, 1031, and 1035, isolated in 1987, and previously unclassified. . Strains S5, S15, and S17 are also partially sequenced. Analysis of the 5' and 3' ends of the genes revealed that all isolates were members of the same species. Molecular GC-content, Cell wall analysis, and DNA-DNA hybridization also indicated that these strains were members of a new species and not L. reuteri. Strain S32 was found to be identical to S14, and used to determine similarity rank among other Lactobacillus species. The highest similarity rank was found with L. reuteri, at 95.1% similarity, followed by L. pontis and L. fermentum with respective similarities of 94.6% and 94.4%. A tree analysis confirmed this relationship.