User:Jessyyyyy227/Dopamine receptor D3

Article Draft
Goal:

- Add citation to where lacks citation

- Add more functions D3 agonists on the function section

- Add the association of DRD3 and DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism on the interaction section

The function section
D3 receptor has the highest affinity for DA among the five DA receptor subtypes marked by DRD3. This property distinguish D3 agonists from others and make them very effective and potent.[1] Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation via Lewy bodies inclusion, a pathogenic signature exclusively present in PD patients, is decreased by D3 agonists while DA content is elevated by inhibiting DA reuptake and breakdown, which is a characteristic only observed in PD patients. The regulation of α-Syn aggregation and clearance enhances brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) secretion, which ultimately ameliorates neuroinflammation and oxidative stress while promoting neurogenesis and interacting with other DA receptors. [2,3] When combined with levodopa (L-DOPA) or other dopamine agonists, D3 agonists attenuate the adverse effects of DA replacement therapy. Furthermore, they alleviate a range of PD non-motor symptoms, such as behavior addiction, depression, anxiety, dyskinesia, and schizophrenia.[2,3]

Apomorphine has the ability to help PD patients with their cognition awareness.[4] In addition to having antidepressant properties such as regulating the depression-like behaviors and depression development, pramipexole has the capability to prevent and slow down cell apotosis as well as to restore damaged neural networks and connections while rotigotine help PD patients to attenuates hyperpyrexia syndrome and schizophrenia. [5,6] Ropinirole, another typical D3 agonist, is very effective in treating anxiety in PD and PD early stage.[7]

The interaction section
Studies shown that the varients in DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism(rs6280) is responsible for many diversity in non-motor symptoms and disorders in PD such as depression severity, impulse control disorders, behavioral addiction and aberrant decision-making.[8,9,10,11] DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that results in a non synonymous (missense) coding variant that results in the substitution of a glycine residue instead of serine in the DRD3 receptor with the (C) allele encoding a glycine residue, and the (T) allele a serine residue in the D3 receptor.[8,10] Research suggested that C+ genotype among CC, TT, CT variants produced a more vulnerable expression on various disorders and symptoms.[8-11] However, due to the small amount of research done in this area, we can not conclude that CC would be the most suspectible gene in rs6280.