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Thiothrix is a genus of filamentous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, related to the genera Beggiatoa and Thioploca. Usually Gram negative but can be Gram variable rods (0.7-1.5x1.2-2.5 um) forming ensheathed multicellular filaments attached at base and forming gonidia at the free end. The apical gonidia have gliding motility. Rosettes of the filaments are not always formed but are typical. Sulfur is deposited in invaginations within the cell membrane.

Habitat
Thiothrix live primarily in flowing water containing a source of sulfide but are also present in activated-sludge waste water treatment systems. Aerobic or microaerophilic in their oxygen requirements. Thiothrix species can be facultative autotrophs, chemoorganotrophs and mixotrophs. The temperature range for growth can vary from cold springs to hot vents. And from fresh water to salt water. Thiothrix can also be found in a symbiotic relationship with other organisms.