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Screening and Prevention
The two screening methods available are the Pap smear and testing for HPV.

CIN is usually discovered by a screening test, the Pap smear. The purpose of this test is to detect potentially precancerous changes. Pap smear results may be reported using the Bethesda system (see above). The sensitivity and specificity of this test were variable in a systematic review looking at accuracy of the test.

An abnormal Pap smear result may lead to a recommendation for colposcopy of the cervix, an in office procedure during which the cervix is examined under magnification. A biopsy is taken of any abnormal appearing areas.

HPV testing can identify most of the high risk HPV types responsible for CIN. HPV screening happens either as a co-test with the Pap smear or can be done after a Pap smear showing abnormal cells, called reflex testing.

Frequency of screening changes based on guidelines from the Society of Lower Genital Tract Disorders (ASCCP). The World Health Organization also has screening and treatment guidelines for precancerous cervical lesions and prevention of cervical cancer.

Primary prevention
HPV vaccination is the approach to primary prevention of both CIN and cervical cancer.

Secondary prevention
Appropriate management with monitoring and treatment is the approach to secondary prevention of cervical cancer in cases of persons with CIN.