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HISTORY

The halo effect was originally identified in 1907 by the American psychologist Frederick L. Wells (1884-1964). However, it was only officially recognized in 1920 with empirical evidence provided by the psychologist Edward Thorndike, who also named this phenomenon as the halo effect

POLITICAL EFFECTS

Politicians that are rated high in both physical attractiveness and vocal attractiveness benefit the most from the halo effect, while politicians judged low on one or both qualities as unattractive will benefit the least from the halo effect. Moreover, the positive rating and impression attributed to physically attractive politicians may be negatively affected if they possess voices that are deemed to be unattractive. Furthermore, besides competence, beauty evaluations also emerge as one of the strongest predictors of electoral success .The way voters respond to an attractive politician varies depending on their political ideology and available information; for instance, voters that do not know much about the candidates besides their facial features may develop their political ideology based on their attractiveness.

ON PERSONALITY

People’s first impressions of others influence their later decision as to either approach or avoid those individuals. When people first encounter someone, the information present about that individual is limited; therefore, people will use the information available to assume other characteristics about that person; for instance, observable behaviors such as eye contact, leaning forward, smiling and positive hand gestures (ex. steepling hands) are linked to positive emotions, while avoiding eye contact, leaning back, avoiding touch, and defensive hand gestures (ex. hands in pockets) or no gestures at all are linked to feelings of detachment. Besides that, another popular example used when referring to the halo effect is the phenomenon called the attractiveness stereotype. People tend to assume that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be more healthy, successful, courteous, containing higher moral standards, and greater social competence than other people; on the other hand, the attractiveness stereotype can also carry a negative connotation as some people may think of attractive people as less honest and more conceited than others.

POSSIBLE CAUSE S

Fisicaro and Lance introduced three models that might explain the halo effects. The first model named the general impression model states that global evaluation affects the rating of other individual characteristics someone possesses. The second model named the salient dimension model states that how people perceive an individual characteristic affects their evaluation of the other characteristics of that person. The third model is named the inadequate discrimination model refers to the rater’s failure to identify different behaviors of the person being evaluated.