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Korean Gymnastics (국민 체조) is a series of gymnastics that are conducted in Korea. The history of Korean Gymnastics starts from 1953, and the most common Korean Gymnastics called "Korean National Gymnastics" was first introduced in 1972. Later in 1999, "New Millennium Health Gymnastics" was introduced. Korean National Gymnastics is consisted of 12 movements, structured to help warming up all parts of your body. New Millennium Gymnastics has Korean traditional motions in it, such as Talchum, Taekwondo. Other than its original form, there are two specially designed ways to do this gymnastics.

History // 1616 정현서
From 1953 to 1977 before the “Korean National Gymnastics” was introduced, most of the Korean gymnastics were broadcast via radio. Very first version of Korean National Gymnastics was shown in 1953. After the Korean War ended, in 1953 December, it was introduced with the name of “National Health Gymnastics”.

After May 16 coup, in 1961, new type of gymnastic called “Rebuilding Gymnastics” was suggested in order to rebuild the bonding around the nation. This gymnastic was suitable for all ages from students to the elderly, and it was consisted of many large and energetic actions.

Then in 1972, “New World Gymnastics” was made in purpose to encourage gymnastics among people. Since it was a part of Saemaul Undong, government employees were made to do this gymnastics every day.

The most common and well known Korean Gymnastics was introduced in 1977 March. With the name of “12 Steps of National Gymnastics”, it was widely spread to every single schools and companies. This gymnastics is still used in many official and unofficial events, such as school sports day.

Later in 1999, “New Millennium Health Gymnastics” was introduced as an alternative form of Korean National Gymnastics, since there were some issues related to Japanese Imperialism. In 2010, it changed its name to “Korean Health Gymnastics”.

Korean National Gymnastics // 1605 김지한
Korean National Gymnastics has been supplied by the Korean government since 1977. It consists of 12 movements in accordance with music and command. In March 1977, it was supplied to each institution especially to school. Once it was replaced to Youth Gymnastics. The music of national gymnastics consists 96 bars and it is composed by Hee-Jo, Kim. At first it was composed only of piano, but later it was remade and reorganized as an orchestra. These days, new millennium gymnastics is supplied to school instead of National Gymnastics. However some schools still conduct national gymnastics and include national gymnastics in performance evaluation. When we conduct we usually say “one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight / two, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight.”

Characteristics
National gymnastics is designed to be easy and enjoyable for both men and women. The contents of national gymnastics is very simple, but it is good for exercise. When you do National Exercise exercise in the following order (Prepare->1->2->3->4->5->6->7->8->9->10->1->2->3->4->5->6->7->8->9->10->11->12). It takes about 4 minutes and 30 seconds.

Characteristics of New Millennium Gymnastics // 1602 권민재
As New millennium gymnastics is developed for the benefit of the health of the public, applying Korean traditional tunes and motions, it consists of dynamic motions. The motions of New millennium gymnastics are applied by lots of Korean traditional motions, such as Talchum, Taekwondo, and typical gymnastics, to show the strong national spirit of the Korean ethnics. These motions are known to be the combination of body motions and meditation, which makes the gymnastics to not just be a mechanicalㆍrepetitive training. Furthermore, motions of the New millennium gymnastics are considered ‘open’, since the motions are flexible compared to other typical gymnastics.

The New millennium gymnastics is based on researches and surveys to verify their effects on body parts, and now they are known to maximize their effects on each body parts compared to other gymnastics. Also, its motions consist of a balanced number of slow motions and fast motions, so that the gymnastics could supplement the physical strength and flexibility of the human body.

The New millennium gymnastics is 6 minute 3 seconds long. In particular, the whole gymnastics consists of 11 seconds for the prelude, 17 seconds for warm-up, 2 minutes 35 seconds for flexibilityㆍphysical strength exercise, 1 minute 50 seconds for the exercise of the whole body, 55 seconds for warm-down, 15 seconds for refraining.

The contents of New millennium gymnastics are “Stamping the ground”, “Looking the sky”, “Seeing each other”, “Being one”. Stamping the ground is a warm-up exercise, which consists of walking and lightly running, and contributes to the increase of human temperature and heart rate. Looking at sky consists of “Unfolding the wings, Elbow lateral hitting, Stretching the Power, Back-hand hitting, Body-rotating, Stretching back and knee, Forward inflection stance, and back stance”, and it contributes on the increase of physical strength and flexibility. Seeing each other an exercise of the whole body which consists of “Twisting, Turning shoulders, Geumgang Block, Punching, Kicking, Twist and hopping”, and contributes on the increase of endurance. Also, Being one is a warm-down exercise which consists of “Twisting, Cross Stance, Breathing” and makes to recover the body to the steady state.

Easy form
Since that pose and form needed some skills, many sport associates in South Korea made an easy form of the National Health Gymnastics.

In that version of that Gymnastics, there are some changes compared to its original version.

In Stamping the ground part, there are just walking instead of hopping. Also, easy version has no movement.

In the period from Back-hand hitting to Stretching back and knee, it doesn’t need to touch the foot with hands and all those forms are replaced to touching knees.

In punching part, the pose bending the right knee was deleted in the easy version.

In kicking part, side kick is replaced to normal kick

Twist and hop part is replaced to the shoulder stretching and the twisting and hopping are deleted. It is replaced to hand shaking at the chest height.

Sitting gymnastics
Since many people now having much time sitting and KSPO tried to make some gymnastics that can be used in general situation, they made a sitting version of the National Health Gymnastics. In that version the foot step and leg stretching is replaced to the additional upper body stretching