User:Jingham007/sandbox

Misc. Stuff/Notes
This is the article that I found a few citations for: Monorail

Article to Edit/Review: Landfill

Removed random citation tool test references; note this tool does not work for Ghanaian textbooks. 

Article Review of Landfill
Some definitions can be adjusted to give more detail. Daily cover list is incorrect (by experience of going on tours of LF's). "Operations" section has a lot of redundant information in it (i.e. road network, wheel cleaning stuff, ). The contamination from waste on wheels is negligible since most of the stuff on the wheels is the daily cover (soil) from the LF. Leachate section is a little edgy towards being not biased. The gas section should merely say something along the lines of XYZ gases are usually collected and either are stored or are burned off via flare. The vector section can be omitted since the use of daily cover eliminates this; the main nuisance would be birds but they are mostly just around. The LF gas section is pretty good, maybe a tiny bit of rewording could be used to clean it up. The restrictions section could use some extra work, perhaps, since it seems a little bare bones.

All in all, it is not too bad of an article, and there are just a few large edits that can be made, and a few smaller ones to make the flow and formatting better. If more pictures could be found, then the addition of more pictures would be awesome!

= CHEM 111 Exp. 5 Experimental Methods Information/Procedure =

Abstract
There is a need for mobile-styled, low resource laboratory experimental methods, which do not require the use of expensive chemicals, volumetric glassware, and precise instrumentation, as well as running water and constant electricity. One proposed experimental method uses calcium carbonate to produce a strong base, for use in titrations. However, this methodology has not yet been independently verified. An experiment can be designed to test the validity of Reaction 1, in order to determine the percent yield of the products, calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.

Calcination of Calcium Carbonate
The overall reaction schematic to synthesize a strong base, either calcium hydroxide, or sodium hydroxide, is outlined in equations 1-3. In this experiment, Equation 1 will be of focus; with the goal of determining the percent yield of Equation 1, to serve as proof that Equation 1 can be completed using a non-ideal, low temperature heat source (i.e. a hot plate), rather than using the ideal, high temperature heat source (i.e. kiln or furnace), but rather with a lower temperature device.

Three samples of 1.0000 g calcium carbonate (s) were each added to large test tubes, which were submerged in a sand bath, which composed of fine sand and an evaporating dish. A thermometer was also inserted inside a sand bath, and was used as a way to monitor the temperature of the samples within the sand bath. A ring stand equipped with clamps were used to secure the test tubes, at an angle at which pointed away from the observers, and all other equipment. The samples were heating upon a regular hot plate, for approximately two hours, at the hot plates’ maximum temperature setting. After this time, the samples were allowed to cool to room temperature. The theoretical yield of the  is: 0.56029 g.

If carbon dioxide (g) is desired to be captured, then for each sample test tube, a gas trap  would have to be set up, and clamped in place. For the gas trap, a rubber stopper, that has a single hole with a glass rod through it, would be inserted onto the test tube, upon the glass rod; a rubber hose would be fastened to the glass rod. The other end of the hose would sit inside an inverted graduated cylinder, which itself sits inside a container of water, with the lip of the cylinder below the water level, and is filled with water (without air bubbles). The theoretical yield of the  is 223.81 mL.

= Ethnochemistry =

Ethnochemistry Definition (Super Updated):
Ethnochemistry is the study of chemical ideas found in any culture; where an appreciation of cultural heritage is preserved. In the West African country of Ghana, an example of this are the bead makers who do not explain what they're doing in modern chemical terms, though they do explain the process in their own artistic way. A similar concept is Ethnomathematics; Achor, et al. concluded that there was a positive impact on the achievement of students and retention of knowledge when Ethnomathematics is applied to a classroom setting, it can also help to make students aware of the role in which chemistry plays in their everyday lives. This suggests that similar results are possible in a chemistry classroom if Ethnochemistry is applied.

Ethnochemistry Definition (Updated):
Ethnochemistry is the study of chemical ideas found in any culture; where an appreciation of cultural heritage is preserved. An example of this is the bead makers of Ghana, a country in West Africa, where the artists do not explain what they're doing in modern chemical terms, though they do explain the process in their own way. A similar concept is Ethnomathematics; Achor, et al. concluded that there was a positive impact on the achievement of students and retention of knowledge when Ethnomathematics is applied to a classroom setting, it can also help to make students aware of the role in which chemistry plays in their everyday lives. This suggests that similar results are possible in a chemistry classroom if Ethnochemistry is applied.

Ethnochemistry Definition (Original):
Ethnochemistry is the study of chemical ideas found in any culture; where an appreciation of cultural heritage is preserved. An example of this is the bead makers of Ghana, a country in West Africa, where the artists know how to form and work the beads, but do not necessarily know the science (chemistry) behind the art. A similar concept is Ethnomathematics; Achor, et al. concluded that there was a positive impact on the achievement of students and retention of knowledge when Ethnomathematics is applied to a classroom setting, it can also help to make students aware of the role in which chemistry plays in their everyday lives. This suggests that similar results are possible in a chemistry classroom if Ethnochemistry is applied.

Rough Draft 2:
Ethnochemistry is the blend of indigenous traditions coupled with the education of students whom are studying matter and its changes. Though it shares common elements with other Ethno- subdisciplines, which include: Ethnobiology, Ethnobotany, Ethnomathematics, and Ethnomusicology, where the traditional customs of a region are blended with an exterior view point (typically this is from a Western culture); this blend forms an unique learning experience. When this experience is applied to matter and its changes (chemistry), it can be called Ethnochemistry.

""Ethnochemistry is the blend of indigenous customs with the education of students whom are studying matter and its changes."

what about the word customs

1 a traditional and widely accepted way of behaving or doing something that is specific to a particular society, place, or time: the old English custom of dancing around the maypole | custom demanded that a person should have gifts for the child.

• [in singular] a thing that one does habitually: it was my custom to nap for an hour every day.

• Law established practice or usage having the force of law or right.

2 British regular dealings with a shop or business by customers: if you keep me waiting, I will take my custom elsewhere.

''Is knowing the materials you need for a furnace a “custom" or a force of habit or does it imply some basic knowledge of the characteristics of the material.  Some “customs" or activities in a culture may have more to do with other aspects than matter and change (chemistry). We are trying to address our interest to those applications of knowledge in a culture about matter that can be connected to what we also know about the world of matter and change. The educational aspect implies that any information about matter and change would be something we want students to also learn. I see a counter argument to using this type of knowledge in education would come from the people who will question that if you learned this information you're not learning the chemistry. What will be your evidence that every thing that people do or “custom” has value? They would have to be convinced that if you are learning this knowledge it is not instead of learning chemistry but is part of learning chemistry. In certain minds if you bring in more information than what is traditionally covered in a discipline, it not only is considered not useful, but in many cases maybe considered antithetical to the correct goals of that discipline.''"

Rough Draft 1:
Ethnochemistry is the blend of indigenous customs with the education of students whom are studying matter and its changes.

Find sources, describe what I will be doing with it (describe above).

Ethnomusicology

Ethnobotany

Ethnobiology

Ethnomathematics