User:Jlfritz1pstcc/sandbox

Phase 1 & 2: Wikipedia and Citation Practice

Thomas Paine

Fact: He voted for the French Republic, but argued against the execution of Louis XVI, saying the monarch should instead be exiled to the United States: firstly, because of the way royalist France had come to the aid of the American Revolution; and secondly, because of a moral objection to capital punishment in general and to revenge killings in particular.

MLA Citation: Vincent, Bernard. Transatlantic Republica. BRILL, 2005.

ISBN:9789042016149

Quote: During the trial, Paine spoke (through an interpreter) longer than any other Conventionnel, and his line of argument was simple: (1) Louis XVI has helped the American colonies to break from England (the hereditary foe of the French) and to become a republic: his death might offend the only country that remained a firm ally of France, the United States; (2) it was royalty itself that ought to disappear, and not the person of this or that king; (3) to give Louis XVI the aura of a martyr would reinforce the coalition of European monarchies against France and make the pursuit of the Revolution even more difficult, if not impossible; (4) therefore, Paine concluded, the only proper and realistic measure consisted in keeping the king hostage until the external conflicts were over, and then exiling him and his family to the United States, where the one-time monarch would harmlessly end his days under the enlightening umbrella of American democracy. Phase 3: Annotated Bibliography

Marangos, John. "Thomas Paine (1737-1809) and Thomas Spence (1750-1814) on Land Ownership, Land Taxes and the Provision of Citizens' Dividend." International Journal of Social Economics 35.5 (2008): 313-25. ProQuest. Web. 27 Feb. 2021.

This academic article offers an impoverished person’s, Thomas Spence, perspective, and response to Thomas Paine’s “Agrarian Justice”. The text masterfully outlines the opposing sides’ argument and the evidence provided by both parties in relation to their beliefs about land ownership, taxes, and justice etc. The use of an actual response to Thomas Paine’s “Agrarian Justice” from the viewpoint of Thomas Spence, demonstrates how difference in socioeconomic standing can affect one’s beliefs and allow one to offer more diverse opinions.

Noll, Mark A. "Religion In The Early Republic: A Second Tom Paine Effect." Modern Intellectual History 14.3 (2017): 883-98. ProQuest. Web. 27 Feb. 2021.

This text gives an overview on some of Thomas Paine’s Writing and the reactions of multiple religious groups. While the articles main focus is not Thomas Paine, but more about religion and the way religious groups have responded to many things in the past. This piece still offers a more diverse view allowing a glimpse at some of the effects Paine’s writings had on different religious communities and their responses.

Phase 4: Practice Article

Paragraph 1:However, the plan that Paine advocates, Spence argued, did not appear to be just or satisfactory. The "poor, beggarly stipends" that Paine proposes are "so contemptible and insulting" ([22] Spence, 1797, p. 46). Spence is convinced that landed interest is incompatible with the happiness and independence of the people because landlords raise the rents to the point where they get the "whole fat" of the produce of hard working people. For Spence, Paine's proposal was merely the thief returning to his victims a part of what had been stolen and was condemn for Paine's failure to envisage the transformation of private property into common property ([10] Keane, 1995, p. 427; [25] Thompson, 1998, p. 137). Spence found it strange that Paine having the status as democrat would suggest agrarian reforms which were undemocratic and unlikely to root out the injustice[1].

Summary: Spence argues that Thomas Paine's plan was not beneficial to "poor" people because landlords would just keep raising prices further enriching themselves than giving the commonwealth a fair chance.

Original Article Section: Lamb argues that Paine's analysis of property rights marks a distinct contribution to political theory. His theory of property defends a libertarian concern with private ownership that shows an egalitarian commitment. Paine's new justification of property sets him apart from previous theorists such as Hugo Grotius, Samuel von Pufendorf and John Locke. Lamb says it demonstrates Paine's commitment to foundational liberal values of individual freedom and moral equality.

Article Practice Section: Lamb argues that Paine's analysis of property rights marks a distinct contribution to political theory. His theory of property defends a libertarian concern with private ownership that shows an egalitarian commitment. Paine's new justification of property sets him apart from previous theorists such as Hugo Grotius, Samuel von Pufendorf and John Locke. Lamb says it demonstrates Paine's commitment to foundational liberal values of individual freedom and moral equality. In response to Paine's "Agrarian Justice", Thomas Spence wrote "The Rights of Infants" wherein Spence argues that Paine's plan was not beneficial to impoverished people because landlords would just keep raising land prices, further enriching themselves than giving the commonwealth an equal chance.

Paragraph 2: Schlereth's most important contribution is his account of how the deist challenge, along with responses, decisively influenced the way Americans came to relate religion and civic life in the cultural uncertainty of a post-Revolutionary world. The citizenry, having embraced the principle of religious liberty and having embarked on a course heading rapidly toward complete church disestablishment, nevertheless still contained substantial (and growing) numbers who wanted to maintain a Christian social influence without the formal infrastructure of European Christendom. In Schlereth's reading, public controversies stimulated by "infidels" created the playing field on which Americans fashioned new rules for organizing, civilizing, and directing the new nation.

Summary: "The Age of Reason" caused quite a stir in religious society, effectively splitting the religious groups into two major factions those who wanted church disestablishment, and the Christians who wanted Christianity to continue having a strong social influence.

Original Article Section: Before his arrest and imprisonment in France, knowing that he would probably be arrested and executed, following in the tradition of early eighteenth-century British deism Paine wrote the first part of The Age of Reason, an assault on organized "revealed" religion combining a compilation of the many inconsistencies he found in the Bible.

Article Section Practice: Before his arrest and imprisonment in France, knowing that he would probably be arrested and executed, following in the tradition of early eighteenth-century British deism Paine wrote the first part of The Age of Reason, an assault on organized "revealed" religion combining a compilation of the many inconsistencies he found in the Bible. Paine's religious views as expressed in "The Age of Reason" caused quite a stir in religious society, effectively splitting the religious groups into two major factions those who wanted church disestablishment, and the Christians who wanted Christianity to continue having a strong social influence.