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Borrelia mayonii is a gram-negative, host-associated spirochete that is capable of causing Lyme Disease. This organism can infect various vertebrate and invertebrate hosts such as humans and ticks, primarily Ixodes scapularis. Migratory songbirds play a role in the dispersal of the tick vector, Ixodes scapularis, across long distances, indirectly dispersing Borrelia mayonii as well.

Phylogenetic Information
Borrelia mayonii was identified as a sensu lato, broad sense, genospecies (Bbsl) of the known microbe, Borrelia burgdorferi. A genospecies is a cluster of organisms with similar core genes that usually does undergo genetic recombination with diverged organisms. Two isolates, gene strains, of B. mayonii, named MN14-1420 and MN14-1539, were sequenced, process of arranging a chain of genetic information to match up to a specific organism's genetic code, and compared to the genome or genetic material of Borrelia burgdorferi. With a nucleotide similarity of 93.83% in the linear chromosome compared to other known genospecies, B. mayonii can be considered a new genospecies (Bbsl).

Discovery
Borrelia mayonii is a bacterial genospecies discovered in midwestern areas within the United States. It was discovered by Pritt and colleagues at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota during routine polymerase chain reaction or PCR of the oppA1 gene of B. burgdorferi in 2016. According to Pritt, six samples were atypical and did not resemble any known species. These atypical microbes or microorganisms were later named after the Mayo Clinic as a new genospecies. The spirochaete, a flexible and spiral twist bacteria, was also detected in the blood of infected individuals using PCR and microscopy and was cultivated or grown in a modified BSK (Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly) plate, a microbe growth plate consisting of bovine serum albumin and rabbit serum, at 34℃ under oxygen levels lower than that of normal atmospheric conditions, centrifuged at 8000X g for 10 minutes, isolated using Qiagen DNA kit, and washed using dH2O.

This genospecies has the potential to cause Lyme borreliosis or Lyme Disease.

Genomics
The B. mayonii genome is about 1.31 Mbp or megabase pairs with an average 26.9% GC, guanine and cytosine, content. It has a linear chromosome with an additional 15 plasmids, 8 linear and 7 circular. The genome s of the two isolates have similar plasmids seen in Borrelia burgdorferi. The MN14-1420 isolate have a vls locus, a specific position on a chromosome, consisting of 24 silent cassettes, a mobile gene that floats around. B. burgdorferi have 15 silent cassettes with a vlsE expression site. The vls locus with the vlsE site, as it is present in strain B. burgdorferi B31, encodes a lipoprotein, a fatty protein, that allows B. burgdorferi to infect various mammalian hosts. B. mayonii may also utilize this locus as a mechanism of evading host immune system. However, the isolates lack various genomic regions seen in B. burgdorferi such as the region that code for CspZ (complement inhibitor) and BB_K32 (fibronectin binding protein).

Metabolism
Since this organism is an obligate parasite, its metabolism outside of the host is unclear. However, B. mayonii has genes for purine salvage, a type of nucleotide salvage, and metabolism, but its utilization of these genes is unknown. According to IMG (Integrated Microbial Genomes), this parasite has genes that allow this organism to synthesize various amino acids such as L-alanine, L-glutamate, glycine, L-asparagine, and L-glutamine.

Disease
Infection by B. mayonii is also transferred from the bite of Ixodes scapularis, a tick. Borellia mayonii causes Lyme disease like Borrelia burgdorferi with the symptoms of fever, headache, rash, neck pain, and arthritis. However, B. mayonii also has additional symptoms differentiating it from B. burgdorferi, such as nausea, vomiting, macular rash, and neurological symptoms. To identify infection of B. mayonii, we can use blood smears, slides with blood samples on them for use with a microscope. Mayonii spirochetes in blood smears indicate a positive infection for Lyme disease caused by B. mayonii. Another alternative is using Lyme disease PCR tests which is currently only available at the Mayo Clinic. To treat this infection, the current drug of choice is doxycycline, an antibiotic, over a 2 to 4 week course.