User:Jmiah12/sandbox

Peer Review - Amanda


 * Bushmeat Lead
 * The information here is good an concise. However, i think that there can be more information added such as what bushmeat is and expanding on what you addressed.  I also think that it is important for you to explain that bushmeat is also an important source of protein for many of people and try to not portay it in such a bad light. . Also if this is a bushmeat page on pangolins, it is good to have that upfront.
 * Bushmeat
 * I think that you really are good at highlighting how pangolin bushmeat is very harmful. This is a solid section.  I like how you also addressed places that they arent eaten and that its taboo.  I am also not sure about your sentence about them being consumed primarily in rural areas because I found a few sources that said there is an uptick in people trying to get pangolin meat in the cities https://phys.org/news/2018-05-extinctionurban-appetite-bushmeat-wildlife-crisis.html
 * I think that the trade section is really good. It recognizes the limitation in information yet still is informative

Peer Review - Geshan

Since this is about Pangolin Bushmeat, you should make that your title. Riding off of what Amanda stated earlier, your writing is direct and straight to the point which is what wikipedia is here for. I do think you can go more into detail in terms of what the significance of what Bushmeat. You could use it as an introductory page and once you have that laid out, you can go into the details in the sections below. For the consumption section I would like and see if you could split it up into countries and talk about how different types of people use this bushmeat. It would basically provide you more content. The last thing I'd recommend is to add pictures if you can find them.

Bushmeat - Lead [Adding to preexisting page "Pangolin Trade" below]
Bushmeat is meat derived from wild animals and is a multi-billion dollar industry. This practice threatens tropical vertebrates throughout Africa and Asia. Bushmeat is either directly consumed as a protein source or traded globally/locally.

Bushmeat
Bushmeat is meat derived from wild animals. The largest portion of bushmeat comes from West and Central African Countries, and a smaller portion from Asian and Latin American countries. It is a multi-billion dollar trade industry and is driven by protein limitations and exotic cuisine. Increase in the human population, bushmeat consumption, and advancing hunting methods have caused harvesting wild animals (bushmeat) to become unsustainable. In protected areas such as Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, and in several West African countries, bushmeat hunting has been identified as the most serious threat to wildlife. Bushmeat hunting has lead to wildlife population declines in several Southern and East African countries that used to be well known for their biodiversity. In Ghana, the bushmeat trade and poor fish supply has been linked to a decline in 41 wildlife species.

[might want to consider citing some of the general bushmeat material from the Week 4 & 5 module pages as well as the CiFOR video where the scientist discussed how much bushmeat was consumed in the Congo basin - this broadens your intro part a bit]

Direct consumption in Africa
Pangolins are located throughout Southern, Central, and East Africa, and can be found in woodlands and savannas. All 8 species of pangolin (4 African, 4 Asian) are listed in Appendix ll of CITES. Lack of conservation awareness, their economic value and local trade, and use as a protein source are all factors that promote pangolin consumption. A large number of pangolins are taken by subsistence hunters (not hunting for trade but direct food consumption). This causes an unregulated and unsustainable decline in fauna resources, and a decline in the size and number of pangolins captured.

Pangolins are not only poached by subsistence hunters for direct consumption, but sold in local markets as well. In Nigeria, Long tailed (Manis tetradactyla) and white-bellied (Phataginus tricuspis) pangolins are identified as the second-most expensive bushmeat. However, in some areas, such as the Congo, pangolins are considered of the least captured animals for bushmeat (totaling 1.7% of the species recorded). This is in-part due to their elusive nature and in some parts of the Congo they are considered taboo to eat. This makes them rarely sold outside villages and consumed primarily in rural areas (in the Congo). Even though they tend to be sold less frequently, consumer demand for them is still relatively high (white bellied pangolin being the third-most requested market meat) which makes them expensive to purchase. It was also found that pangolin meat was not passed through formal markets, but bought directly from urban home-working vendors or hunters in roadside villages.

In Ghana, hunting has been reported using hunting using traps, guns or dogs. Though eaten sometimes, in Kwaman, Jachie, and Anyimaye, bushmeatis reportedly eaten infrequently. In Jachie and Kwaman, Bushmeat is only eatcn on a monthly or weekly basis. In Anyimaye slmost half of the village reported eating bushmeat on a weekly bases. The bushmeat is reportedly sourced from cities, hunters, eateries, or their own farms.

''[are there any other African culture groups that eat pangolin that have been mentioned in the peer-reviewed lit? media? NGO websites?]''

Bushmeat trade in Africa
Due to black-market and illegal trading, it is hard to estimate the exact number of pangolins being traded annually. However, based on media reports and seizures, it is suggested that pangolin trade from Africa are for intercontinental use over local use. Pangolin-related seizures have been linked to Asian markets in Honk-Kong, Thailand, and China. Pangolins are traded as either live animals, dead bodies, trophies, carvings, scales, skins, or leather goods. However, some pangolins have been traded internationally as zoo animals.

In Ghana, most of their bushmeat trade occurs outside of formal markets. The most popular process for trading pangolin bushmeat is from farmer hunters to chopbar operators and wholesalers. It was found that chopbar hunters offered higher prices to hunters than wholesale operators, and that live animals (including pangolins) when for double the price. There is an indication of elevated hunting during lean farming periods. This, in-part, seems to be due to low labor demands for cocoa farms (a primary agricultural resource in Ghana) in September and October and consequentially higher labor demands in November and December. When cocoa labor is low, hunting increases, and when cocoa labor is high, hunting decreases.

A record in 1990 show imports of pangolins scales to South Korea from Madagascar - where no pangolin species live. Though not considered bushmeat, this can suggest that as Asian pangolin species become more rare, demand may shift to African markets to adhere to Asian market demand.

Asian bushmeat demand
In areas such as Cambodia, bushmeat consumption is a recreational activity done with friends, family, and co-workers. Many Cambodians are unaware of pangolins being endangered, while others use their rarity as a means of advertisement.

= Article evaluation: - Pangolin = This article is directly related to topics discussed in class because Pangolin's are animals in Africa that are heavily poached.


 * Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?
 * The article is just titled "Pangolin" so the information does not have a select topic and is focused on many (almost any) topics related to the animal. The table of contents includes: etymology ,description, behavior, diet, reproduction, threats, conservation, taxonomy, references, and external links. Though extensive, nothing pops out as unnecessary. The article looks at every aspect of the animal one could inquire about, including their threats and conservation which make it relevant to this class.
 * Is the article neutral? Are there any claims, or frames, that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?
 * The article is very neutral. The information is fact based and does not seem to have any biased viewpoints. Even in the threats section where they talk about poaching in Africa, the examples lean towards showing the excessive amount of poaching as apposed to pointing blame.
 * Are there viewpoints that are over represented, or underrepresented?
 * The "behavior" section of does not have a lot of information. Though, as a novice on the topic, it seems sufficient. All other heading have sufficient information.
 * Check a few citations. Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article?
 * This page has many links within the article and all of the links are related, relevant information.
 * Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted?
 * Each fact is referenced with a reliable source. Of the ones that I clicked on, they are cited well and come from a journal or other credible site.
 * Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added?
 * All of the information seems relevant and I can not think of anything that could be added. It was last updated on 7 Feb, 2019.
 * Check out the Talk page of the article. What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?
 * They are talking about ho to accurately describe the genus of the animal.
 * There are also people fact checkinig and saying that there is a lot of irrelevant information.
 * How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?
 * It has been rated as a C-
 * It is in the " WikiProject Mammals"
 * How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class?
 * We have not discussed a lot about Pangolin's besides them being poached, so it related.