User:Jmof/St Philip's Church, Sydney

The Historic Perspective
As the original Parish Church of the City of Sydney, St. Philip’s York Street Anglican has seen the city grow from an English penal settlement into the vibrant, bustling city it is today.

For over two centuries those who have been part of the community at St Philip's have witnessed incredible change. Not only has the face of the city altered – its buildings, its means of transport, its streets and thoroughfares – but also its people, and their ways. One only has to read of the ministry of the parish when meeting the needs of a penal colony; its links to the beginnings of the education system; its early work with aborigines and its role in the establishment of law and representative government in New South Wales to see it's significance in the history of Christianity in Australia, and Australian history in general.

Now the church is in its third century of ministry the role is changing again. People are returning to the city to live. Where offices stood, now we see apartments. St. Philip’s York Street Anglican has shared much of the life and times of Sydney… and the people and families it serves. York Street Anglican – a living, vibrant place, bringing Christ to the city it calls home.

The Original St. Philip’s
Sydney’s first church was a wattle and daub chapel built at what is now the corner of Bligh and Hunter Streets. It was in this building that Australia’s first Christian service in a building took place on 25th August 1793. A T-shaped building, with a thatched roof and an earthen floor, it could seat 500 people. During the week it served as a schoolhouse where the Reverend Richard Johnson, the colonial chaplain, and his wife Mary, taught between 150 and 200 children. Chaplain Johnson took the Word to the aboriginal people, and the convict population held him in deep affection. Yet on the evening of 1st October 1798 his chapel was burnt down.

Later that month the Governor, John Hunter, initiated work on what he saw to be a substantial stone church. It was to rise on land at Church Hill in what is now Lang Park -just across the road from the present church. On 1st October 1800, prior to his being sworn in as the new Governor, Captain Philip Gidley King laid the foundation stone on what was to become the first St Philip’s. In 1802 he proclaimed Australia’s first two parishes as St Philip’s (Sydney) and St John’s (Parramatta). ‘Old’ St Philip’s served Sydney from this date until 27th March 1856 when the present church was consecrated. Education became a State responsibility in 1880 however St Philip’s continued the work commenced by Richard and Mary Johnson in the wattle and daub chapel. St Philip’s Church School opened in 1812. As well, the church commenced ‘ragged schools’ for orphans and in 1845 an evening school for young men. St Philip’s Grammar School opened in 1850. And in passing, the original church had become the first church building to be lit by gaslight in Australia in 1841.

The Current Building
New South Wales’ fourth Governor, William Bligh, worked hard for an early completion of the church – which was dedicated to the memory of St Philip the Apostle. It is a strongly held view that Bligh would not have been deposed had the colony’s then Principal Chaplain, The Rev Samuel Marsden, been in Sydney at the time. He wasn’t; for he was in England recruiting clergy for the colony. The choice of the Assistant Chaplain, who was to become the first (and only Rector) of ‘old’ St Philip’s, was the 28 year-old William Cowper. Cowper arrived in Sydney on 18th August 1809, with his second wife (his first having died shortly before his appointment) and four young children. He preached his first sermon in St Philip’s on 20th August, within 48 hours of his arrival. In the chancel of the current church there is a tablet to the memory of the Venerable William Cowper, who in his 49 years as the Rector of both the first and second St Philip’s is remembered as one ” who gave himself wholly to the work of the ministry”. Among his distinguished children were Charles Cowper (later Sir Charles), five times Premier of New South Wales and the Very Reverend William Macquarie Cowper for 44 years the Dean of Sydney and the second Rector of St Philip’s.

The first St Philip's (1798 - 1856) was built on what is, today, Lang Park Rev William Cowper, who was Rector of St Philip's for 49 years. His son -William Macquarie Cowper - the first clergyman to be born in the colony followed him as Rector for 11 years.

St Philip’s – Birthplace of a Nation’s Faith
The modern-day St Philip’s can justify its claim to be the finest example of Gothic architecture in any parish church in Australia. The foundation stone of the current St Philip’s was laid on 1st May 1848, by the Rector, Reverend William Cowper. Work was delayed during the gold rush, when the workers forsook their tools for the goldfields in 1851. However, Bishop Barker, Bishop of Sydney and Archdeacon Cowper consecrated the new church building on 27th March 1856. It had cost sixteen thousand pounds, entirely raised by the congregation. The church’s architect was Edmund Blacket, in fact it was the last church to be designed by him in the classic English Gothic Perpendicular style, a style also to be used, by him, for Sydney University and St Andrew’s Cathedral. It has been said St Philip’s has an impressive homogeneity whereby everything from the window tracery to the mouldings on the base of the columns being correctly 15th Century in style. The current building was consecrated in 1856. It is thought that Blacket made the main body of the church’s stained glass windows, whilst the East Window was imported from England and cost 200 pounds.

1873 saw the arrival of a new organ, to replace the original item mounted in the west gallery Blacket placed the new organ in a separately roofed organ chamber on the northern side, near the choir. 1890 saw great renovations at St Philip’s. In that year the pews were modernised and the chancel and aisles tiled, at the same time the current pulpit and reading desk were installed along with a Gothic reredos (which replaced the original commandment boards which are now to be found in the west porch).The tower has ten bells. The original peal of eight was donated by the Hon. John Campbell in 1872, a ninth bell was added in 1888 to commemorate the centenary of the founding of the Colony of NSW. The tenth being installed 1898 in remembrance of Charles Moore.

St Philip’s Today
Today, three congregations gather each Sunday reaching and serving the City of Sydney.