User:Jmorley89/sandbox bibliography

1)    Carter, Jesse Benedict. "The Evolution of the City of Rome from Its Origin to the Gallic Catastrophe." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 48, no. 192 (1909): 136. www.jstor.org/stable/984151.

This source gives a look into the history of the defensive wall that was built around Rome. Information of the wall being made from both tufa stone blocks and earthen works that worked together and formed a protective ring around Rome. From this source, I can learn that Servius Tullius never built any part of the wall, that he is only thought of being the architect of the wall through the naming of the wall.

2)    Claridge, Amanda. Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide. 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford UP, 2010. Oxford Archaeological Guides.

This source describes what the Servian wall would have looked like during the 4th c. BCE when it was constructed. With this physical description, I can understand what the wall would have looked like and the amount of effort that was put into making it. This will help me by understanding the human power that would have gone into making both the tufa parts of the wall and the earthen works.

3)    Forsythe, Gary. 2005. A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War. Berkeley: University of California Press.

This book gives a account of the two remaining sections of the Servian wall and how they look in the current era. There is also the historical reference to the taxation of the citizens of Roman to build the wall through labour. There is also information on how the Romans stopped using Cappellaccio tufa in favour of the more superior Grotta Oscura tufa from Veii and the potential that this tufa was mined by the enslaved Veientines after Rome had conquered the city.

4)    Merrill, Elmer Truesdell. "The City of Servius and the Pomerium." Classical Philology 4, no. 4 (1909): 420-32. www.jstor.org/stable/262369.

This article starts with laying out the course of the wall and where it would have originally stood when it was completed in the 4th century BCE. Another part of the article goes on to layout the timeline of the wall and when it would have been built. This is useful to me as there are parts of the wiki article that say that the Servian wall had some history dating to the 6th century and adds more support to the fact that the wall was built later after the sack of Rome.

5)    Showerman, Grant. 1969. Rome and the Romans: A Survey and Interpretation. New York: Cooper Square

The information in this book tells me a little about the Servian wall, again there is evidence that the wall was built in the 4th c. and not the 6th c. There is also information about how the Aurelian wall was built to expand the protective barrier around the growing city of Rome.