User:Jnestorius/Hanged in Ireland

Statistics
The Court of Criminal Appeal ordered 12 retrials in murder cases from 1928 to 1967.

Jurisdiction
Until 1729 all serious offences in Dublin city and county had to be tried at King's Bench. [I guess this is lack of the Assizes applicable in other counties; similar for London?] Act 3 Geo.2 c.15 provided commissioners of oyer and terminer or of gaol delivery could sit in "that part of the King's Court where the Court of King's Bench sits". The Act 3 Geo.3 c.25 provided that Four Courts and Green Street Courthouse in both city and county. Commission always in Green St since completed except when use for city MP election. Post 1922 all murder trials were before "Dublin City Commission", not just those in Dublin [what about Dublin county commission?]. Wallace blames backlog from Civil War; maybe fact that it sat 6 times a year against only 2 for assizes? Probably until Courts of Justice Act 1924? Certainly some murderers were tried at local assizes at least up to 1850s if not later; certainly some were transferred to Dublin commission court in 1900 if not earlier. More details maybe in Vaughan 2009. Study of "115 suspected cases of infant murder or concealment of birth that were forwarded for trial to the assizes between 1883 and 1900" shows murder at assizes till at least 1883. Courts of Justice Act 1924 gave no murder jurisdiction to lower courts.

Garda Annual Crime Reports
All quotes in public domain (see commons:Template:PD-IrishGov):
 * 1945 p.4:
 * County Mayo On 25th June, 1945, the dead body of a boy aged 8$1/2$ years, was found buried under some bushes near his home. He had been missing for 8 days. A Post Mortem examination revealed that death was due to extensive head injuries. A farmer's son was arrested and charged with murder. At the Central Criminal Court on 23rd November, 1945, he was convicted and was sentenced to death. The conviction and sentence were quashed on appeal and a new trial ordered. At the Central Criminal Court on 4th May, 1946, he was found guilty but insane.
 * County Monaghan: On 28th September, 1945, an elderly farmer was poisoned and died after eating portion of a sandwich calce which had been left at his home by a neighbouring woman. The woman was charged with tho murder and at the Central Criminal Court on 20th February, 1946, she was convicted and was sentenced to death. An appeal against the conviction and sentence was dismissed. The sentence was, however, subsequently commuted to penal servitude for life.
 * 1948 p.5
 * Co. Leix.-On 9th February, 1948, a young married woman died as the result of an abortion. An arrest was made and the accused has been sent for trial
 * 1949 p.5
 * CO.Laois.-On 29th May, 1949, a young, unmarried farmer, died under suspicious circumstances at his home. A Post Mortem examination disclosed that his death was caused by strychnine poisoning. A sister of the deceased man was charged with the crime and at the Central Criminal Court on 21st November, 1949, she was convicted of Murder and was sentenced to death. The sentence was confirmed on appeal but was subsequently commuted to Penal Servitude for life
 * 1950 p.5
 * Co. Offaly. — On 12th May, 1950, a young girl, employed as a typist by Bord na Mona, was shot dead when on her way to work. Her body was discovered in a clump of furze near the public road. An arrest was made and the accused was convicted and sentenced to death. An appeal was lodged and a re-trial was ordered. The accused was again convicted and sentenced to death. The death sentence was subsequently commuted to one of Penal Servitude for life.
 * 1952 p.5
 * Co. Kildare.—On 15th November, 1952, a young girl on a visit from Dublin was fatally stabbed by a young man with whom she had been keeping company for some years, and had just broken an engagement to be married. The offender gave himself up to the Garda. He was subsequently convicted of murder and was sentenced to death. The conviction and sentence were quashed on appeal and a new trial was ordered. He was then found to be insane and incapable of pleading, and was ordered to be detained during the pleasure of the Government.
 * 1956 p.5:
 * Dublin Metropolitan Area.—On 21st January, 1956, arising out of an altercation in their home, a 20 year old youth was fatally stabbed in the chest with a knife by his 18 year old brother. The offender was found guilty of Murder and was ordered to be detained during the pleasure of the Government.
 * Co. Kilkenny On 19th January 1959 at 8.30p.m. a 68 year old widow was found unconscious lying in a pool of blood in the kitchen of her home, having obviously received a severe beating with a heavy weapon. Her home had been ransacked. She was removed to hospital where she died some hours later. A 26 year old labourer was convicted of the murder and sentenced to death. The sentence was commuted to imprisonment for life. He was subsequently found to be insane and was committed to the Criminal Lunatic Asylum.
 * 1960 Appendix D
 * On 22nd November, 1959, a 26 year old farmer was fatally stabbed in the head with a gimlet by a 33 year old neighbouring farmer as he stood in conversation with a young girl on the public road. The motive was jealousy. The offender was arrested and charged. At the Central Criminal Court he was convicted of Murder and was sentenced to death. Leave to appeal was refused.
 * 1964 Appenmdix D:
 * Dublin Metropolitan Area. — On 4th January, 1964, a 58 year old shop assistant was attacked in her shop by a man who was accompanied by a female. An iron bar was used by the assailant who having inflicted fatal head injuries took away the cash from the till. A 20 year old male and a 20 year old female were charged with the crime. The male was sentenced to penal servitude for life and the female was found "not guilty".
 * Co. Cork — On 25th April, 1964 a 51 year old farmer was attacked in his bedroom by an intruder whom he disturbed. He was struck several times with an iron bar and received fatal injuries. A 32yearold farm labourer was charged and was sentenced to penal servitude for life.
 * Co. Kildare — On 27th June, 1964, a 28 year old housewife was attacked in her home by her 36year old husband, no occupation, who inflicted fatal injuries by stabbing her with a knife and a slash hook. The offender was sentenced to ten years penal servitude.
 * Co. Kildare — On 27th June, 1964, a 28 year old housewife was attacked in her home by her 36year old husband, no occupation, who inflicted fatal injuries by stabbing her with a knife and a slash hook. The offender was sentenced to ten years penal servitude.

Reprieved
Infanticide from 1922 to 1949 12 women and one man sentenced for murder of infant under 12 months old.

Distinguish
 * convictions overturned
 * on appeal before commutation — eight such 1924–1964 (of which four 1946–64 ) + 2 later
 * zzz
 * zzz
 * zzz
 * 1944 (Mrs E. Keogh, infanticide; retrial manslaughter 3 years' penal servitude retrial plea of guilty to manslaughter accepted ) The "only case in which a woman ... was convicted by a jury but had that conviction quashed on appeal and pleaded guilty at a second trial".
 * 1945–46 see Garda report
 * 1946–47 Henry White, murder at SCC 1946, quashed CCA, manslaughter 1947
 * William Hopkins 15 Nov 1952. m fiancee Theola Susan Curran. guilty, 4-day trial Feb, govt no commute; CCA 16-17 Apr, unfit to plead, CMH
 * Shan Mohangi 1964, last
 * Noel Murray
 * Marie Murray
 * after commutation (Peter Pringle)
 * after execution (Harry Gleeson)
 * sentences commuted after conviction

Capital punishment in Ireland

Military Court
EPO 41 Schedule offences for "death by shooting":
 * 1) Treason which consists in levying war against the State, or assisting any state or person or inciting or conspiring with any person to levy war against the Stated or attempting by force of arms or other violent means to overthrow the organs of Government established by the Constitution, or taking part or being concerned in or inciting or conspiring with any person to make or to take part or be concerned in any such attempt.
 * 2) The obtaining, recording, or communicating in any manner likely to prejudice the public safety or the preservation of the State of any information directly or indirectly prejudicial to the State or being in possession of any document or other record whatsoever containing such information in contravention of Article 28 of the Emergency powers Order, 1939 (S.R.O. No. 224 of 1939).
 * 3) The doing of any Act or the omitting to do anything on the part of a person who is under a duty either to the public or any other person to do, with intent to impair the efficiency or impede the work or repair of any vessel, aircraft, vehicle, machinery, apparatus or other thing used or intended to be used for the purposes of the Defence Forces or for the purpose of any undertaking engaged in the performance of essential services so declared by the Order of a Minister under the Emergency Powers Order 1939 (S.R.O, No. 224 of 1939).
 * 4) Murder.
 * 5) Unlawfully wounding or causing grievous bodily harm or shooting at with intent to maim or to do some other grievous bodily harm or with intent to resist or prevent a Lawful arrest.
 * 6) Assault and Unlawful imprisonment and detention of any person against the will of such person.
 * 7) Unlawfully causing an explosion likely to endanger life or to cause serious injury to property whether any injury to person or property has been actually caused or not.
 * 8) Making or knowingly having in his or her possession or under his or her control any explosive substance under such circumstances as to give rise to a reasonable suspicion that the person charged is not making or does not have it in his or her possession or under his or her control for a lawful object.
 * 9) Possession or control of any firearm or ammunition with intent to endanger life or cause serious injury to property or with intent to enable any other person by means of such firearm or ammunition to endanger life or cause serious injury to property whether any injury to person or property has or has hot been caused thereby.
 * 10) Attempting or conspiring to commit, or aiding, abetting counselling or procuring the commission of any of the offences hereinbefore set out in this Schedule