User:Jnestorius/Townland anomalies

Variants
Civil Survey these are rough measures of area rather than denominations
 * of Carlow used martland;
 * of Kilkenny used horseman's bed

Tithe applotment 1820s-30s used ploughlands etc as denominations.

Account of Parishes united and disunited by Order of Lord Lieutenant in Ireland (Parliamentary Papers HC 1818 xvi (264) 421) uses "townlands" or "denominations of land", with "glebe" distinct from either; e.g.:
 * Twenty-five denominations of land disunited and separated from the parish of Derrinoose, and erected into the parish or rectory of Ready ; also 34 acres of the glebe of Derrinoose separated therefrom, and annexed as and for a glebe for said parish of Ready.
 * Sixteen townlands separated from the parish of Creggan, and erected into the rectory and vicarage of Newtown Hamilton ; together with 50 acres for a glebe for same.

1821 census
From the Preliminary Remarks:

Originally [the parish] was purely ecclesiastical, and was introduced among the civil subdivisions from motives of convenience. Some peculiar circumstances arising from this cause have produced much difficulty in the progress of the census. The civil and ecclesiastical arrangements do not always correspond: parishes are found to extend not only into different baronies, but into different counties; and townlands are sometimes attached to one parish for the assessment of the county taxes, while, with respect to tithes and other ecclesiastical contributions, they are considered as forming part of another. Ancient unions or divisions of parishes have increased this discrepancy; their names have also been frequently changed. The arrangement of parishes by the Established Church, being in many cases different from that of the Roman Catholics, has also been the cause of considerable difficulties; as in many parts of the south-west of Ireland the latter arrangement has been adopted in various points of public business. But from an accurate comparison of the several writers that treat of the civil and ecclesiastical state of Ireland, corrected, in cases of doubt or difficulty, by particular communications with the clergy, the enumerators, or other persons possessing local information, it has been ascertained that no parish whatever has been omitted; and the differences between the ecclesiastical returns already before parliament, and those under the present act, have been, in many instances, fully reconciled. The names and arrangement of parishes used for civil purposes, and adopted by the enumerators, under the direction of the bench of magistrates in the several counties, has been adhered to in digesting the returns.

The smallest subdivision of the country is that of townlands. This name, however, is not universal throughout Ireland some counties have adopted the term of ploughlands in lieu of it, each ploughland being supposed to contain 120 acres; but as the quantity was taken by estimation, not by measurement, their extent varies considerably, even in the same county. Townlands in many instances have been subdivided, and in many cases the name has been changed. Much embarrassment in the progress of the census has been occasioned by both these circumstances. On examining the returns of the territorial subdivisions, as furnished by the magistrates, it was found, that this important department of domestic geography was by no means so complete or satisfactory as might have been expected, from the consideration that most of the local taxes are assessed and levied according to such subdivisions. In some cases no account could be procured of any of the subdivisions smaller than that into parishes. In the county of Kerry this information was collected for the first time, in consequence of the call then made upon the magistrates; and in the county of Cork no list of the parishes or minor subdivisions could be procured.

Many names, now antiquated, were formerly used to designate the smaller subdivisions of land in Ireland. The following are the most remarkable: The Plowland and the Greeve are the only names noticed by the enumerators as still in use in some parts of Ireland.
 * Gort — containing 6 acres.
 * Pottle — 12 do.
 * Ballyboe — 16 do. but in some parts 60 or 100 acres.
 * Ballybeatach — 960 do. being 16 Ballyboes of 60 acres each,
 * Cartron — 60 do. called also a Plowland.
 * Poll or pole — 50 do,
 * Tagh or Tate - 60 do. English
 * Gneon, or Gneeve - 8 do. being 1 12th of a Plowland

Making and rebounding
In 1758 Earl of Kildare estate, fences and ditches were rare except at townland boundaries. Enclosure happened in late 18C and 19C.



SLRP Consultation Page; Instruments Recommended For Revocation; Category L: Mapping and Boundaries; L1: County Boundaries actually orders adjusting townland boundaries grouped by county; e.g. 22 April 1856 DG no 14943 p 465 for Londonderry, with annex report giving explanations like "Slight change in the boundary stream, on the give and take principle, made for drainage purposes and other improvements. Centre of stream is the new boundary."

Acts
 * Poor Relief (Ireland) Act, 1839
 * s.1 "All provisions of the said Act in any way relating to townlands, shall be construed to extend and apply to every place in Ireland, whether known as a townland or not."
 * s.3 "It shall be lawful for the commissioners, by order under their seal, to declare any place not known to the said commissioners as a townland or townlands, to be, for the purposes of the said Act, a townland."

1861 census shows 1851 Poor Law Valuation and 1861 General Valuation; former seems to group all "Fooname (Disambiguation)" together, latter separates them.

HC Deb 25 May 1911 vol 26 cc575-7W
 * In the year 1907 certain changes were made in the boundaries of the townlands of the county Londonderry, including those referred to in the question, in accordance with the provisions of the Boundary Survey Acts.

Local Government and Taxation (Ireland) Inquiry: 20th July, 1878, p.9
 * The townland was adopted by the Legislature in 1838, as the unit of Union organization, under the impression that the entire country consisted of such denominations.
 * It subsequently proved, however, that in some places there either were no townlands, or that their boundaries were unknown, and it became necessary in consequence, during the ensuing year to pass a short amending Act for the purpose of removing this difficulty.
 * This denomination the unit of Union organization which is peculiar to Ireland having nothing in England at all corresponding with it appears to be nearly co-extensive with the old Seisreagh, or Plowland, which was, by estimation, not by actual measurement, supposed to contain about 120 Irish acres, exclusive of wood, moor, and mountain, being the quantity of arable land, capable of being turned up in the course of a year by a six-horse plough.
 * The conformity of the modern townland with the old Plowland appears probable from the fact, that the total number of the latter in Ireland was 66,600, while that of the former is 62,305 but at the same time, the vast disparity in extent between certain townlands, indicates that some at least of the number must have had an origin different from this one being returned at only 1a. 1r. 1p., while another is given as containing as many as 7,012 acresâ both being, however, extreme and exceptional cases of opposite kinds.

Poor Law Commissioners:
 * v2 p.125 [No 10,805 / 50] 10 May 1850:
 * WHEREAS certain Lands have been drained and embanked from the River Foyle, and a portion of the said Lands adjoin the Townland of Edenballymore in the said City and Suburbs Electoral Division, another portion of the said Lands adjoin the Townland of Pennyburn in the said Lower Liberties Electoral Division, and another portion of the said Lands adjoin the Townlands of Clooney and Gobnascale in the said Waterside Electoral Division:
 * AND WHEREAS doubts have arisen as to the boundaries of the said Townlands of Edenballymore, Pennyburn, Clooney, and Gobnascale, and whether the several portions of Land so reclaimed are part of the Townlands to which they adjoin respectively, and it is expedient to remove such doubts:
 * NOW THEREFORE, in exercise of the powers given to us in this behalf, We, the Commissioners for administering the Laws for Relief of the Poor in Ireland, do hereby declare that the portions of Land so reclaimed shall, for the purposes of the Acts in force for the Relief of the Destitute Poor in Ireland, be henceforth part of the Townland to which they adjoin respectively, and the boundaries of the several Townlands in the said Union which are separated from each other by the River Foyle, shall, for the purposes of the said Acts, be deemed to extend in the direction of the said River to the low water mark on that bank of the said River on which such Townlands are situate respectively.
 * v2 p.353 [No 39,886 / 49] 24 October 1849:
 * WHEREAS under the provisions of an Act passed in the Second Year of the reign of Her present Majesty, entitled, "An Act for Draining and Embanking certain lands in Lough Swilly and Lough Foyle in the Counties of Donegal and Londonderry," certain Lands adjoining the Electoral Divisions of Myroe and Ballykelly in the said [Newtownlimavady] Union, have been drained and embanked from the sea, and doubts have arisen whether the said Lands are included in any, and if so in which, of the Electoral Divisions of the said Union, and it is expedient to remove such doubts:
 * THEREFORE, in exercise of the powers given to us in this behalf, We, the Commissioners for administering the Laws for Relief of the Poor in Ireland, do hereby order and Declare that such part of the said Lands as are situate to the Northward and eastward of a certain Canal called the "Broharris Canal," shall, for the purposes of the Acts in force for the Relief of the Destitute Poor in Ireland, be from henceforth a Townland under the name of the Myroe Level, and We do hereby add the said Townland to the said Union, and include it in the said Myroe Electoral Division of the said Union.
 * v2 p.404 (issue arises from fragmented Dublin parishes and baronies in 1839):
 * WHEREAS doubts have been entertained as to the effect of the said Order [Rathdown 1839], with respect to the Townlands of Coolakay, Glebe of Powerscourt Parish, Ballinteskin, Killough Upper, Killough Lower, Ballybawn Upper, Ballybawn Lower, Ballyorney, Stilebawn, Charleville, Tinehinch (part of), and Newtown, whether they were thereby comprised, and are now situated in the said Electoral Division of Powerscourt, or in that of Delgany.
 * v2 p.464-6
 * Sligo Union EDs: Sligo ED coterminous with "parliamentary borough of Sligo"; adjacent EDs include for some tlds only "the portion not included in the parliamentary borough of Sligo"


 * [Simington and Wheeler 1945 pp.540-544 fn.3 p.550:] The townland, like the barony, is one of the ancient land divisions of Ireland which existed under other names prior to the introduction of Christianity. There were 4 ploughlands in a ballybetagh or townland and 30 townlands in a barony. In the ordnance maps all names of smaller sub-divisions are discarded, and the term "townland" is applied to every such denomination, whether great or small; consequently, there is now a great variation in the area of townlands, ranging from about an acre up to thousands of acres. (See Townland Index, 1901, Introduction)


 * The [ordnance committee on the Irish survey] reported [in 1833] that when [in 1824 ] he had framed his original estimate of £300,000 Colby could not have been expected to know just how many townlands there were in Ireland ... and that in any case the number had subsequently increased as a result of the boundary department's liberal views on what constituted a townland, so that in Inishowen, for instance, Griffith had demarcated 304 townlands where according to the Spring Rice report there should have been only 180. This was a fair point (and none the worse for having been made by Colby five years earlier [in 1828]).

Andrews 1974 p.148 :
 * In some areas, it is true, there is a general correspondence between the seventeenth-century pattern and that of the present day, but it is difficult to find as many as a dozen contiguous townlands where the coincidence is absolute and there are many areas of considerable extent where both names and boundaries are quite different. This may be because later maps have distinguished between units that Bodley subsumed under a single name, or because new townlands have been created in the meantime (as often happened in demesnes or near towns) or because the boundary department of the Ordnance Survey made its own altera tions by dividing, amalgamating or enlarging the old denominations.


 * [p.582] Sheet 18 of the Dublin county map was engraved between June 1837 and December 1841 ... Throughout the country, an essential preliminary to the official mapping of the ground had been the delimitation of townlands, parishes, baronies and counties, and in 1825 a special department, independent of the Ordnance officers but in close touch with them, had been set up for this purpose. Until it reached Dublin the boundary department had usually managed to keep ahead of the survey proper; but in this county the territorial pattern was found to be so complex and irrational that the government decided not to publish the map until the boundaries had been reformed. When the reformation was finally given legal validity in August 1842 (5 & 6 Vic, c. 96), the Survey had to mount a quick programme of revision to catch up with the landscape changes of the six previous years.
 * [p.583] it was finally published in February 1844 ... it sometimes happens that the sleeves of generations of readers have worn away the lower 1843 footnote, leaving posterity to be misled by the upper and earlier footnote that refers to 1838.

1830s 6-inch shows "Coldcut" as two townlands, respectively in cp Clondalkin (63a1r12p) and [det pt of] cp Esker (38a2r8p). 1930s Cassini shows single tld (108a3r21p) enlarged by NE field[s] previously in Rowlagh tld.
 * griffith-valuation map has the transferred area as index #4 in Clondalkin-Coldcut; however name indexes have as #4 in Esker-Rowlagh (both cp-tld areas have 3 other divisions, so probably the map boundary tracer got confused). Area #4 details are: tenant ; printing 1850, act 9&10.
 * Esker Coldcut: JOHN GODBY landlord > tnt MICHAEL SPRING
 * Clondalkin Coldcut (1847) (landlord > tnt > subtnt):
 * 1: Rochford > PATRICK DILLON > MARGARET MCEVOY
 * 2: George Grogan > JOHN MORRAN > BRIDGET MORRAN
 * 3: George Grogan > JAMES MORRAN > PETER KEOGH
 * Esker-Rowlagh (1850):
 * 1 Issac Weld > James Hamilton > Bryan Merryman, Peter Bolger, John Curran
 * 2 Issac Weld > Charles Foss
 * 3 Issac Weld > Michael Spring > Michael FitzSimon > Bridget Redmond
 * 4 George Grogan > John Moran
 * So makes sense to move Grogan/Mor[r]an from Rowlagh to Coldcut, except that it's detached from the other cp Esker part of Coldcut, which is Michael Spring.

Poor Law Commissioners [of England and Wales], 7th Annual Rpt, App E, No 12, p.480
 * Naas PLU: order of 1 June 1840 adding "a portion of the Townland of Big Brittas, in the parish of Tallaght, to the Blessington Electoral Division" (area 134 acres, poulation 12; detached from Tallaght ED South Dublin PLU per p.483).

"Sallymount Demesne" townland is only part of a contiguous block of demesne land in the 1830s OS mao, which also includes parts of adjoining townlands including Harristown. A History of the Kildare Hunt tells of a rider who went "into Moorhill demesne, through Moorhill cover ... and headed for Annefield. Here he turned to the left, went straight through Harristown demesne, along the edge of the Liffey, ... dowen to the bridge, across the road into Sallymount demesne". So maybe adjoining gentry kept their home farms adjacent and rented out peripheral parts of their land. An 1882 account has Annfield, not Annefield: "Passing the demesnes of Stonebrook, Ardinole, and Annfield, and a small and ancient graveyard in the church lands of Coghlinstown, we now come to where the old road, leading from Naas to Brannockstown, crosses the river by the Old Bridge."

eISB searches:
 * "provisional order confirmation" various private acts for boundary changes, with preambles like
 * The Minister for Local Government in exercise of the powers conferred on him by articles 25 and 27 of the Schedule to the Local Government (Application of Enactments) Order, 1898, and subsection (3) of section 42 of the Local Government (Ireland) Act, 1898, hereby orders as follows
 * "Boundary Survey (Ireland)" SIs
 * only non-maritime match is S.I. No. 238/1966 - Boundaries (Townlands of Ballymartin and Castletown, County Limerick) Order 1966 alters the boundaries of the townlands reclaimed land

Valuation
A good short account of Griffith's Valuation is at Simington and Wheeler 1945 pp.540-544, explaining Townland Valuation for cess, separate Poor Law Valuation, and Tenement Valuation to supersede both.

1861 census shows 1851 Poor Law Valuation and 1861 General Valuation; former seems to group all "Fooname (Disambiguation)" together, latter separates them.


 * [p.254] In Griffith's Valuation it was intended to have a general revaluation every 14 years but this was never carried out. Dublin and Waterford County Boroughs are the only two districts revalued since original Act. Four different attempts were, made to have the entire country revalued, the last being in 1938, but none reached the Statute Book. In recent years some Local Authorities have become aware of the anomalies in valuations in their areas and have listed all the buildings in these areas in the Annual Revision with resultant substantial increases in the valuation and a better distribution of the rates.
 * [p.258-9] how the Annual Revision is carried out by the Valuation Office. About the end of June the Lists of buildings, lands, etc., requiring Revision are forwarded from the Town Clerks, County Council Secretaries and Borough Managers. ... The requests for valuation generally include new buildings, extensions to old buildings, improvements to old buildings, divisions of land, etc. ... The Lists are left open to the public for 21 days and any appeals received within 28 days are duly forwarded to the Commissioner. ... In the 26 Counties there are some 1,200,000 hereditaments the total valuation being about £13½ millions. This year there are almost 42,000 cases for Revision or about 3% of the total number of hereditaments in the country. Last year there were nearly 3,600 first appeals and something over 300 appeals to the Circuit Court.


 * After the establishment of the government of Northern Ireland a General Revaluation took place in 1935.

Brennan v Attorney General; [1983] ILRM 449(HC), [1984] ILRM (SC).
 * The Supreme Court upheld the complaint of a group of farmers from County Wexford (Brennan V Attorney General)15 that agricultural rates (a form of property tax) imposed by s.11 of the Local Government Act 1946 based on an 1852 system of valuation comprised an unjust attack on their property rights, contrary to Article 40.3.2 of the Constitution. It was obvious that there was a lack of uniformity and inconsistencies in the valuation system used for rates and the Court concluded that these anomalies were unjust and effectively abolished the then system of agricultural rates. No replacement system was introduced and agricultural rates are no longer collected

Excluded areas
Is this on another of my subpages? Ancient boroughs not townlands (OS) — Dublin, Cork, Waterford, ?Limerick, ?Kilkenny, ?Wexford, ?Galway

Uninhabited islands, offshore or in lakes, are in parishes (OS) and PLUs (1850s revision proposals) but not townlands. Townland index shows in italics. Logainm classes as "townland", possibly erronrously; S.I. No. 698/2019 - Gaeltacht Act 2012 (Designation of Gaeltacht Language Planning Areas) (No. 3) Order 2019. "Language Planning Area: Tuaisceart Dhún na nGall, Co. Donegal ... (11) That part of the electoral division area of Fánaid Thuaidh in County Donegal which consists of the following townlands: Baile an Chnoic agus Baile na Brocaí, Baile na Loiste, ... Tuaim, Tulaigh na Dála and eight small offshore islands."

Using
Order in Council 9 Feb 1842 Kildare detached portions mentions "Rickardstown Upper" and "part of Rickardstown Upper" separately. Would make sense if "part of R~" and "R~" were reversed, as there is a detached fragment of the townland that topologically forms a separate detached portion of the county, whereas the main part of the townland is contiguous with the rest of Harristown parish.
 * Now We, the Lord Lieutenant and Privy Council of Ireland, ... do order and direct, that the said three detached portions of the King's County, which are insulated in the county of Kildare, comprising the townlands of Sillot Hill, Ballynaglogh or Mayfield, and Rickardstown Upper, be disunited from the said King's County, and that the same be annexed to and incorporated with the said county of Kildare; and that the said townland of Sillot Hill be annexed to and incorporated with the barony of East Uphaly; that the said townland of Ballynaglogh or Mayfield be annexed to and incorporated with the barony of West Ophaly; and that the said townland of Rickardstown Upper [not Rickardstown I assume] be annexed to and incorporated with the said barony of West Ophaly:
 * We further order and direct that the detached portion of the King's County, which is included between the county of Kildare and the Queen's County, the greater portion being bounded by the county of Kildare, comprising the townlands of Ashgrove, Cush, Derryoughter East, Derryoughter West, Feamore, Gurteen, Killeen East, Killeen West, Kilbeg, Kilpatrick, Loughhill, Larchill, Riverstown, Big Pullagh, Boarbawn Upper, Boarbawn Lower, Boghall, Bawn, Coolagh, Clary, Cloneybeg, Cherrymills, Harristown Upper, Harristown Lower, Iscarhill, Lennagarragh, Mylerstown, Ardillis Lower, Ardillis Upper, Boleybeg, Derrynine, Gurteen Upper, Gurteen Lower, Lochabor, Rathconnell, Rathconnell Wood, Rickardstown Lower, and part of Rickardstown Upper, be annexed to and incorporated with the barony of West Ophaly and said county of Kildare:

HC Deb 06 March 1885 vol 295 cc295-6
 * I am not aware that there is any great dissatisfaction occasioned by the adoption of townlands as the unit for division [in the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885], where it was necessary to do so for the purpose of equalizing the population. The townland is a well-known area, and does not, like parishes, overlap either counties or baronies

St Stephen's Without
The parish of St Stephen's Without is recorded in the 1861 census as partly in Waterford municipal borough and partly in Gaultiere barony; but the part outside the city is not said to be in any townland; and the OS6i has no townland name either. The 1905-7 OSi25in the relevant space was all inside the county borough boundary; likewise for the 1901 census (all of St Stephen's Without is )

Kilculliheen
Kilculliheen tlds not split when liberties removed to Gaultier barony.

Trim and "(nth Divison)"

 * OSi environs of Trim,
 * 1851 census
 * Trim cp Moyfenrath Lwr b
 * Trim cp Navan Upper b

shows numerous townlands name "Foo (nth Division)" -- looks like the detached fragments were made into separate townlands, unlike elsewhere (except that Townparks North has a small detached portion). There is also a "Foo" townland with no "Division" parenthesis for Foo = "Corporation Land North"; and for Foo = "Friarspark", when n = 5 Foo changes to "Friaryland".


 * The OS 1stEd6in map apparently shows an unnamed division of area 278.0.21 acres, but that is actually the southern lobe of Blackfriary 2nd Div, whose name is in the northern lobe, connected via a narrow isthmus beteween Lackanash to the east and a 0a2r32p DetPt of TownParks[?N] to the west.

1901 tld index has two "Commons (5th Division)" in Trim cp; 3rd Dvision (all) and 1st Division (part) also in Trim UD in 1901
 * one of 4a3r34p in MoyfenrathL bar, Now all is in UD [S bank of Boyne downstream of town centre]; hence not in Logainm but is in geohive.maps.arcgis.com "National Townlands" layer.
 * other of 13a2r6p [part -- Remainder in Trim UD; full 1851 15a2r25p] in NavanU bar; in logainm immediately N of TownParksN, NE of FostersHolding

The 1837 Mun Bdy Rpt shows wacky ancient bdy. -- All Townparks, Corporationland and Commons divisions. logainm Townlands in Trim cp includes two tlds named Trim 1416699 "town" 39220 "tld" whereas 1911 census has none; I surmise "Trim town" in tld index per UD or census generated town and townland duplicate database objects. Compare other towns.

Only other "(nth Division)" townland names besides those around Trim is in cp Skirk (logainm, maps.arcgis) with "Clonlahy Corporation Land" and "Corporation Land 1st/2nd/3rd Division", separated by "Newtown or Skink" and "Castlequarter".

Cork suburbs
User:Jnestorius/Cork suburbs shows anomalies where townland boundary matches "suburb boundary" of 1813, not "municipal boundary" of 1840; latter differs slightly in both directions, ie townlands inside bdy and non-townlands outside; "The 25-inch map zaps all townland boundaries WITHIN the municipal boundary, and [at least one] area outside the municipal boundary has been annexed to the adjoining townland" -- check if all 1840 non-tld parts have been annexed by 190x.


 * 1861 General Valuation and Poor Law Valuation are recorded separately.
 * Some uninhabited islands and fisheries valuations are recorded for parishes, separately from townlands and towns
 * 1861 towns are listed separately from townlands but within parishes;
 * the population of a townland therefore excludes the population of any town within the townland.
 * The 20-house limit means some 1851 towns fall out of the listing in 1861
 * a footnote tells the townland their pops are now recorded in (though maybe there is an adjacent townland with houses now all uninhabited) but not if multiple.
 * Infirmary, Prison, Workhouse pop recorded alongside town but on separate line.
 * all these have only pop, no area or valuation

Cahergal
Cahergal tld 1911 census portion in Templeomalus DED & Par has population and valuation, but area is "included with portion of townland in adjoining parish" Templeomalus DED & Desert Par. Minor Q: why not given here? Major point: tld split between parishes? OSI 1840s xplits; OSI 1900s joins!. The Desert Par portion is uninhabited in 1901 and 1911. 1901 census separate. 1901 index two tlds 1911 suppl not listed

OTOH twp Raheensheara tlds kept because both cp and DED differ: Ballybrophy ED and Donaghmore cp vs Moneenalassa ED and Rathdowney cp; OS maps ED in brackets on last-edition 6in whereas cp bdy obvious on colour 1st ed (though mon 1st ed less obvious).

Check if this pattern holds for other such pairs.

Knockgriffin
East of Midleton are tlds called Knockgriffin (Imokilly) and Knockgriffin (Barrymore) based on the baronies; Also note both are Cnocán Ghrífín "validated name". OS 6in has no qualifier, 25in does, must postdate 1898. Let's check County Cork in census Munster 1901 p.321/1911 p.286:
 * Middleton Union
 * MIDDLETON NO.1 D.
 * 268./271. (part of) D.E.D.
 * (Barrymore B.; Mogeesha P.)
 * Knockgriffin T'land
 * (Imokilly B.; Mogeesha P.)
 * Knockgriffin (Imokilly), part of (Rural) T'land
 * 269./272. D.E.D.
 * Middleton Urban District (g):—
 * (Imokilly B.; Mogeesha P.)
 * Knockgriffin (Imokilly), part of (Urban) T'land

Boroughs
Central area of following boroughs is town, not townland, per 6in OS and 1861 index: Not so for these, where centre is often "townparks" or the like: Maybe the difference is whether multiple parishes or not?
 * Dublin, Cork, Wexfod, Kilkenny, Waterford.
 * Galway, Limerick, Belfast.

S.I. No. 133/1953 - Dublin County Borough (Electoral Areas) Order, 1953 uses townlands in some delimitations; was this in areas that had been added since 1945 SI?

General info on tax
County rate: I think towns are rated as a proportion of a certain number of townlands; see Select Committee on Limits of Boroughs of Dungarvan, Youghall, and Mallow: report and minutes of evidence John Hudson Q.128-130:
 * 128. Are there boundaries, which are well known and recognized, that separate the town from the manor of Dungarvan ?
 * Yes, as the question relates to the county rates affecting the town, there are.
 * 129. Do those boundaries include Abbey-side or not?
 * The town of Dungarvan is rated in proportion to the extent of seven plough lands and a half; and Abbey-side does not compose a portion of what is considered to be those seven plough lands and a half.
 * 130. Then Abbey-side, for the purpose of this assessment, is not considered as a part of the town of Dungarvan ?
 * No.

Medieval parish tithe to bishop, vicar, and rector; former receveid same in each tld but diff tlds might contribute to diff rectorial shares.

Whole of townland must be in one PLU; in fact one ED.

De la Poer's testimony to 1830 committee has historical and current info: "applotment tables" in high constable's "county book" show how to divide county rate between townlands (q.2563); not sure if this implies townlands all have different ratings; certainly at some point they did not (q.2544).

Censuses
Brief notes on Irish censuses (c.1870):
 * A difficulty which exists in ascertaining the entire popula­tion of townlands from the Irish Reports may here be noticed. The population of each townland is apparently given opposite to its name, but this is really the case only where there is no town containing at least 20 houses on it; in fact, the figures represent the rural population only. The towns are placed at foot of the townlands in each parish, but there is nothing to show to which townland each town belongs. Thus, where there are one or more towns in a parish, it is not possible to ascertain with certainty the entire population of any of the townlands in it without referring to the Ordnance maps (which are available to comparatively but few persons), and allocating the towns to their respective townlands. If a town happens to lie in two or more townlands, it is not possible to ascertain from the Returns what portion of the population belongs to each. This defect might be remedied by placing in brackets after each town the name of the townland to which it belongs, and in case of a town situated on two or more townlands to give the portion of the population belong­ ing to each.

1971 census, Vol.1 p.164: "Appendix; Townlands":
 * At previous Censuses, District Electoral Divisions (D.E.Ds.) outside legally defined cities and towns normally comprised groups of complete townlands. The recent revision of the boundaries of D.E.Ds. in Dublin County (See page 165) resulted in the division of a considerable number of townlands between two or more D.E.Ds. Most of these townlands are in the suburban areas adjoining Dublin County Borough and Dun Laoghaire. For the purpose of the definitions given hereunder for Dublin Suburbs and Dun Laoghaire Suburbs, all that part of one of the townlands in question within a D.E.D. is treated as if it. were a complete and separate townland.

Multiple names
1861 townland index:
 * In order to facilitate the search for any townland having more than one name, such as "Ballydaly or Derrynagall," in the parish of Kilbride, barony of Ballycowan, King's County, it will be found under both names.

I see "Ault, alias Gowkstown" on p.88

I think there are also examples of disambiguators added to one of the aliases; e.g. [invented example] "Ballydaly or Derrynagall (Smith)" to contrast with "Derrynagall (Jones)" [can I find a real example?]

OTOH there are "Ballinlough" and "Ballinlough (Wadding)" in Castletowndelvin, Westmeath, on p.51; but that means ""Ballydaly or Derrynagall" + "Derrynagall (Jones)" would not be a counterexample; it doesnt mean there are no examples. However p.99 shows Templemore LDerry has "Ballymagrorty" and "Ballymagrorty or White House" which is a counterexample. OTOH p.101 east of Easky on map has "Ballymeeny", "Ballymeeny, Armstrong", and "Ballymeeny, Hillas, or Carrownabinna"; which is an example of what I was looking for (besides using commas instead of parenths in index, and case+placing on OS-6in-ed1st). OS-6in-ed1st also has Daneswell or Crossguns North/Na Crosghunnaí Thuaidh and Daneswell/Tobar na Lochlannach.

Some places with two names in Irish as well: Dún Ceartáin nó Gleann an Ghad = Dooncarton or Glengad; any with 2 Irish and only one English? Unlikely.

Derryholmes or Timolin and Derryharan is unclear whether "(Derryholmes or Timolin) and Derryharan" or "Derryholmes or (Timolin and Derryharan)" -- former more likely, could check xref in 1861 index

Ballymagan Upper & Lower & Clonbosk sounds like subtownlands; logainm has "and" for "&"

Parish or union
Proclamation In Council, Dated November 8, 1838, Dividing The County Of Tipperary Into Two Ridings.: "that part of the barony of Kilnemanagh, containing the unions or parishes of Clogher, Clonoulty, Aughterleigue, Ballintemple, Kilpatrick, and so much of the parish of Donohill as is situate in the barony of Kilnemanagh"

Extra-parochial
1831 census has some "extra-parochial", not all found by search, short enough to search manually.

Return of parishes in Ireland with agreements under Tithe Composition Acts (1832) p.30: Diocese of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh: Extra-parochial (£12 composition) attached to Bullane parish (£34),

Parl Gaz 1846 hathitrust "extra-parochial" searches: V1, V2, V3
 * v.1 p.76 c.2 In 1804, the parochial division [of Co. Armagh] exhibited ... 18 extra-parochial denominations; ... In 1831, the civil parochial division, as followed in the population books, exhibits 18 ... only 1 extra-parochial denomination.
 * the 18 may be a misinterpretation of this 1804 list of "References to Ecclesiastical Denominations, which are not distinct parishes" which are cross-referenced to actual parishes

Report of Her Majesty's Commission on the revenues and conditions of the Established Church (1868) p.647: Schedule XVI (4): (4) Extra Parochial Districts.
 * Diocese of Down: Castleboy (church pop 122)
 * Diocese of Connor: Shilvodan Grange (pop 62) Dundermot Grange (pop 60) Glenwherry (pop 17)
 * Diocese of Kildare: Grange Clare (pop 5)

Dublin revision
Andrews:
 * the 1838 plate is not the one from which the first edition of the Dublin sheet was printed [because of] the unusual administrative geography of [the Dublin region]. Throughout the country, an essential preliminary to the official mapping of the ground had been the delimitation of townlands [etc], and in 1825 a special department, independent of the Ordnance officers but in close touch with them, had been set up for this purpose. Until it reached Dublin the boundary department had usually managed to keep ahead of the survey proper; but in this county the territorial pattern was found to be so complex and irrational that the government decided not to publish the map until the boundaries had been reformed. When the reformation was finally given legal validity in August 1842 (5 & 6 Vic, c. 96), the Survey had to mount a quick programme of revision ... finished in February 1843.

Townland OED

 * NED v.10 pt.1 p.215 sv "Townland" has apposite quotes, incl 1662, 1836, 1892.
 * 1662 is Act Chas II c.14 & 15 c.2 (iii) sec.3
 * And in order to the more particular apportioning or dividing the said lands amongst the said adventurers, and satisfying their deficiencies, and ascertaining their respective proportions, you are to cause public proclamation to be made within the respective counties, cities, baronies and places in Ireland, thereby directing each adventurer, his assignee or assignees, or his or their agent or agents sufficiently authorized, that hath received any satisfaction in land for his adventure, within forty dayes after such proclamation to deliver unto you in writing under his hand and seal a particular of the houses, lands, tenements and hereditaments, possessed by him, together with the content or number of acres, both profitable and unprofitable, in each town-land, village, balybo or quarter of land, as the same were admeasured to him, or for his use, and in the right of whom he claimeth such adventure; and if such adventure be for houses in any city, such adventurer is to deliver in, not only the particular houses, tenements and hereditaments by him possessed, but also the value of them respectively as set out to him, or any other for his use.