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James Shaver Woodsworth (July 29, 1874 – March 21, 1942) was a pioneer in the Canadian social democratic movement. While studying at Oxford, he became interested in social welfare, and upon his return to Canada as a minister of the Methodist church he preached the Social Gospel to the poor and the working classes of Manitoba. As the superintendent of the All People's Mission in Winnipeg and the secretary of the Canadian Welfare League he focused on investigating social conditions, worked with immigrants and campaigned for social welfare.

Woodsworth's focus on social issues and inequality lead him to become active in the political labour movement in Canada. He lead the protest campaign following the brutal police action which caused one person to be killed during the Winnipeg General Strike in 1919 and helped to organize the Manitoba Independent Labour Party (ILP). He ran and was elected to the House of Commons as a member of the ILP in 1921. In 1932 during the Great Depression, Woodsworth and the ILP along with other socialist and labour groups founded the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation, with Woodsworth as its leader it was Canada's first Socialist party, which evolved into today's New Democratic Party. Woodsworth's influenced many of Canada's contemporary social programs including social assistance, pensions and medicare.

Bibliography:

McNaught, Kenneth, and Allen Mills. A Prophet in Politics: A Biography of J.S. Woodsworth. Toronto; Buffalo; London: University of Toronto Press, 1959. doi: 10.3138/9781442670426.

McNaught, K. W. "J. S. Woodsworth and a Political Party for Labour, 1896 to 1921." The Canadian Historical Review 30, 2 (1949): 123-143. doi: 10.3138/CHR-030-02-02.

Mills, Allen. Fool For Christ : The Intellectual Politics of J.S. Woodsworth. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/viu/detail.action?docID=4670144

Mills, Allen. "The Later Thought of J. S. Woodsworth, 1918–1942: An Essay in Revision." Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue d'Études Canadiennes 17, 3 (1982): 75-95.https://muse.jhu.edu/article/674824/pdf

Jane Pulkingham. Human Welfare, Rights, and Social Activism : Rethinking the Legacy of J.S. Woodsworth. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2010. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/viu/detail.action?docID=4669755